动名词与现在分词的区别

动名词与现在分词区别,1,When verbs are not verbs,Gerund doingPresent Participle doing 动名词与现在分词的区别动名词与现在分词的判断：动名词与动词现在分词不同处在于：在句子中充当的成分不同。也就是说，当看到一个动词的-ing形式时，要通过分析这个词在句子中充当的成分后再判断它是动名词还是现在分词。,2,动名词和现在分词各充当的成分,动名词：顾名思义，保留动词的意思，但是词性已经变为名词。 在句子中充当：主语，宾语，表语，定语 They saw the sleeping boy sleeping in the sleeping car. 现在分词：倾向于形容词和副词词性。也仅是保留动词意思，但不再是动词。 the rising sun 在句子中充当： 表语，定语，宾补，状语,3,请判断以下句中doing是什么词,It is no use saying so.I am interested in reading books.I cant help laughing.My job is teaching.Hearing this sad news, he couldnt help crying.I heard him singing in the room.,4,.,Present Participle,the disappointing newsI heard the girl singing now in the next roomFeeling desparate, he didnt want to talk to anyone.,动名词作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词放在句尾：常见固定用法有：Its no use doing 做没有好处/用处 Its no goodpleasure doing 做某事无益/无用Its no harm doing 做并无害处 Its a waste of time doing 例如：Its no use going there today; he wont be at home.Its a waste of time arguing about it. Its no good waiting here. Lets walk home.,6,1. Verb-ing 做主语（动名词）,Writing the book has taken up all his spare time.做主语的是动作。Seeing is believing.动名词与动词不定式做主语的区别在于：to do这个形式常表“将要”，表”目的“。doing这个形式常表”事实”-What makes him so sad?-_ the watch.A. To lose B. Lost C. Losing D. Lose,7,-Why do you come here?-_.A. to see you B. seeing youC. see you D. I want to see you,8,3 doing在句子中充当宾语，往往跟在某些固定动词后。也就是我们常说的某些固定动词后面再接动词，必须接动词的-ing形式。如：Hearing the words, she couldnt help thinking of her past bitterness. (cant help这个动词，后面接宾语，如果宾语表达的是动作，是个动词，那就要把动词变为名词性，即doing。此处doing 为动名词。) We all avoided mentioning that matter. 同理 能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类： 一类是后面只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：escape, avoid, miss, enjoy, appreciate, complete, finish, imagine,consider, mind, practise, resist, tolerate, admit, delay, suggest, advise等，如： Mary is considering changing her job. I enjoy working with you. Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?,9,以下动词既可接不定式做宾语，又可接动名词做宾语， 注意意思上的区别： remember forget regret stop mean try learn consider prefer hate like remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过/做了而又忘了 regret to do sth 很遗憾要去做 某事 I regret to tell you a bad news 我很遗憾要告诉你一个 regret doing sth 后悔做了 I regret having said that. mean to do 打算想做某事. mean doing 意味着,10,在need, want, require deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如： The door needs repairing / to be repaired.有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别： I forgot to close the door before I left the room. I forgot having closed the door. He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写) I couldnt help finishing it. (不能不结束某事) I couldnt help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事) They stopped talking. 停止讲话 They stopped to talk. 停止在做的事，而去讲话 I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉) I regret not taking your advice. (后悔),11,Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.A. ride, ride B. riding rideC. ride, to ride D. to ride, ridingwouldshould prefer to do sthprefer sth to sthprefer doing sth to doing sthprefer to do sth rather than do sthwould rather that sb did had done,12,keep doing sth一直做某事keep on/up doing sth 坚持做某事consider doing 考虑做某事consider to be 认为 to be doing to have done to have been done,13,Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. inventedC. to have invented D. having invented,14, 动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。 就是我们常说的：介词后面遇到动词，要把动词变为-ing形式 常见的有：insist on / persist in / think of / dream of / object to / hear of / prevent from / keep from阻止，抑制 / stop from / feel like / be engagedbusy in忙于 / look forward to / depend on / thank for / excuse for / devote to / set about开始做某事 / spend in / get (be) used to / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up/get down to +doing 等，如： People object to smoking. Prevent sb. from doingsth. 阻止某人做某事 prevent from being seen or discovered. Stop your dog from snapping at me. 别让你的狗咬我。 Excuse me for being late.,15,动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别： 动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。 现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite, really等副词来修饰，如：My job is looking after the children.Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.The situation is really encouraging.This cake is very inviting.The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.,16,3动名词还可以作定语，如： singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method注：动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，它和名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系；而现在分词作定语，表示被修饰名词本身的动作、行为，它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。,17,判断现在分词？动名词？,working peopleworking conditionsa swimming poola swimming boya sleeping cara sleeping child,18,4、动名词的复合结构,动名词的复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构。 有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个形容词性物主代词或名词所有格即S，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格，不过，这主要用于口语中。如：It is no use your saying so. It is no use you saying so.It is no use Toms saying so. It is no use Tom saying so.注：如果不是在句子的开头，这个结构常用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格，（换言之，如果放在句首，结构必须是物主代词或名词所有格。) 如： I dont like the idea of us / our not helping at all. I dont mind Jane buying another one.注：如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词，或不定代词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如： The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door.,19,_ sailing on the sea is not imagined.A. Tom B. TomsThis leads to _ (the river) _ (pollute),20,6、动名词的完成形式, 否定式与被动形式,动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：They are all interested in climbing mountains.He took a great delight in helping others. 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，如：He didnt mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.I dont remember having ever promised you that.,21, 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式，如：This question is far from being settled.He did it without being asked.They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers.He didnt mind being left at home.They couldnt stand being treated like that.注：如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式，如： I dont remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.,22,23,1. feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 等表示感官或感觉的动词,2. catch, discover, find, get, have, keep, leave, send, set 等常用动词,I can hear someone knocking. She felt anger arising in her heart. Listen to the birds singing. Just look at the rain pouring down.She noticed the man looking at her a couple of times. He observed a stranger hanging around the store.,She caught me smoking again. I found him lying on the floor. Do you think you can get the radio working? He had the light burning all night. She kept me waiting for over twenty minute