大学英语四六级写作讲义

1、精选文档Part I 写 作 第一节: 大纲要求及评分标准 我国于1987年首次推出的全国大学英语四级考试自2005年6月起发生了又一次重大的变革。考试成绩采用满分710分的计分机制。改革后，短文写作试题仍然占全部试题总分值的15%， 但却又出现在试题最后改为出现在考试的最开始，成为首考题目。在正式考试中，考生首先需要在答题卡1上用30分钟时间完成写作部分。 新的大学英语四、六级考试大纲 对于短文写作的要求是：考试时间：30分钟文章长度：四级120-150词题型：命题作文、情景作文、图表作文、段首句作文、关键词作文等。语言：能正确表达思想、语义连贯、文理基本通顺，无重大语法错误。内容：四级作文

2、命题一般涉及学生的日常生活，如读书、工作、求职、体育运动等，或一些科技话题、与社会和文化相关的一些题材，如电脑、网络、能源问题、环境问题等。四级写作评分标准：2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还考虑以下三个因素：(1) 白卷，作

3、文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给零分。(2) 字数不足者酌情扣分，所计字数不包括卷面上已给主题句。(3) 只写一段者04分，只写两段者09分。下面通过五份样卷详细介绍四级作文的评分原则和标准。第二节 写作题型分析及应试技巧一 写作题型分析写作部分共一题,考试时间为30分钟。要求考生写出一篇不少于120词的短文。试卷上可给出题目，或规定情境，或给出段首句要求续写，或要求看图作文或给出关键词，要求写出短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writ

4、e a short essay on the topic of On Students Selecting Lecturers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2. 学生选择教师所要考虑的主要因素3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题二写作应试技巧 考生要想在30分钟内完成一篇不少于120词的文章并非难事。考生拿到试题后应按以下步骤有条不紊的进行。 1. 审题。 大学英语四级作文大部分都是命题作文，且大多数都有

5、中文提示或提纲，考生要利用1至2分钟审题，了解题目的基本要求，理解题目的真正意图。 2. 列提纲。考生应根据已给提纲或提示利用4至5分钟时间列出写作要点，理清要点间的逻辑关系，组织并整理写作素材，列出写作关键词，在头脑中形成一个整体的思路。 3. 写作。考生利用20分钟左右的时间根据构思的提纲，选用较好的素材，恰当地运用关联词，一气呵成完成写作内容。 4. 修改。考生在完成写作内容后尽量利用1至2分钟通读文章，修改写作内容，主要检查句子的时态、语态、主谓一致、单词拼写和标点符号等语法项目。三四级写作真题再现与写作题型分类【2001年6月】 Suppose you are Zhang Ying.

6、 Write a letter to Xiao Wang , a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you duringthe weeklong holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.1表示欢迎 2提出对度假安排的建议3提醒应注意的事项【2002年1月】A letter to the university president about the canteen service on camp

7、us. 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以使表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。【2002年6月】 02468101214161820hours/week199019952000yearAverage number of hours a student spends on the computer per week Students Use of Computers1 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化。2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以

8、说）。3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。【2003年1月】It Pays to Be Honest1当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实【2003年6月】An Eyewitness Account of a Traffic Accident1假设你在某日某事某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：车祸发生的时间及地点2你所见到的车祸情况3你对车祸原因的分析【2003年9月】 The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured)1简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况2同学、老师和我是如何帮助他

9、/她的3人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是。【2004年1月】Write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college oruniversity.1建议报考的专业及理由2报考该专业的基本条件3应当如何备考【2004年6月】A brief introduction to a tourist attraction1欢迎词2一天的行程安排3对旅客即将访问的地点进行描述【2005年1月】 Write a campaign speech in support of your ele

10、ction to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1 你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力，性格，爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作，2 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？【2005年6月】In Honor of Teachers on the Occasions of Teachers Day1向老师表达节日祝福2从一件小事来回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献3我如何回报老师的爱【2005年12月】S

11、hould the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?1 名校校园正成为旅游新热点2 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3 我认为【2006年6月17日】Write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者2. 本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等3. 报名条件及联系方式Volunteers Needed【2006年6月24日】Students

12、 Selecting Their Lecturers1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题【2006年12月】Spring Festival Gala on CCTV1、有些人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节联欢晚会 2、但有些人提出取消春节联欢晚会 3、在我看来.【2007年6月】Welcome to Our Club欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部标题：Welcome to Our Club写作提纲：1. 表达你的欢迎2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍【2007年12月】 What Electives to Choose1. 各大

13、学开设了各种各样的选修课2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3. 以你自己为例纵观近七年多四级考试写作真题，可将写作内容大致分为以下几类：(一)议论文1现象解释题型 如，06年6月24日真题2对比选择题型 如，05年12月，06年12月真题07年12月真题3问题解决题型 4观点论证题型 如，03年1月(二)应用文 1信件类 如，01年6月，02年1月，04年1月真题2演讲稿，如，05年1月和07年6月真题3导游词，如，04年6月真题4海报 如，06年6月17日真题(三)叙议结合型 如，03年6月，03年9月和05年6月真题(四)图表类 如，02年6月真题 四复习策略 考生要想在考场上能自由

14、地应对各类作文题型，平时的写作练习自然是必不可少的。在平时的练习中考生要注意培养良好的写作习惯，如动笔前列提纲；文章采用三段式；各段落要有自己的主题句，支持论点；文章完成后要检查内容。另外，考生平时要大量掌握大纲要求的词汇及其用法和语法结构，并有意识的加以运用。各类写作题型自我训练方法小结：学习范文总结模板（积累例句） 写作演练(一)议论文1现象解释型：(1)阐述现象 (2)分析原因 (3)解决办法或指出存在的问题1). 范文学习Sample 1) On Students Selecting Lecturers In recent years, students in a growing nu

15、mber of universities are given the right to choose the lecturers for their lessons. Such a bold step toward educational reform, understandably, has triggered some debates over whether students should be given this much power and whether the students have the ability to properly use this right. Stude

16、nts tend to take into account a variety of factors when choosing a lecturer, such as the lecturers personality and his/her teaching style, the lecturers academic background and teaching experience, and the lecturers reputation among students. Sometimes even the teachers sex, age, voice, and appearan

17、ce might affect the students decision, and obviously some of these factors have no logical relations with teaching quality. There are both positive and negative aspects to empower students with the right to choose their lecturers. On the one hand, it encourages them to take greater responsibility an

18、d get more actively involved with the learning process, and also put pressure on teachers to improve their teaching quality. However, some factors that students consider might be the ones that promote the improvements of teaching quality of education. The students might end up with lecturers who tea

19、ch interesting classes without much content.Sample 2)Harmfulness of Fake CommoditiesIn recent years, fake commodities dealing is a common phenomenon in the market. These fake commodities have done great harm to the consumers and the society.Since the policy of reform was implemented, Chinas economy

20、has improved. A lot of people getting richer, and their living conditions are getting better. But still some of them are not satisfied. They dream of getting rich overnight and living a heavenly life, which, of course, is impossible to achieve by fair means. So they risk breaking the law to produce

21、the fake commodities.Once these fake commodities enter the market, they will do immeasurable harm to the society. The direct victims are the consumers. As the quality of the fake commodities is always very poor, the consumers may suffer great losses. Certain fake commodities, such as food and medici

22、ne, will cause irreparable harm to the health and well-being of the consumers. Fake commodities also cut into the profits of the brand-name-owners. Since the fake ones are cheaper, people tend to be reluctant to buy the genuine ones.2). 写作模板：ANowadays _ is a common phenomenon in society. For example

23、, _. _ do more (good) than (harm) to us. For one thing, _ . For another, _ . In summary, / In a word, it is more valuable _ . BRecently _ has aroused public concern. It has both _ and _._ do more (good) than (harm) to us. On the one hand, _ . On the other hand, _ . From what has been discussed above

24、, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that _ .Useful sentences:1. Never in history has the issue of been more visible than 2. Nowhere in world has the problem of been as evident as3. Now there is a growing awareness / recognition of the necessity of 4. Now, people in growing number are beginn

25、ing / coming to realize that 5. Recently the problem / issue / question of has been brought to public attention6. Recently the problem / issue / question of has caused/ aroused worldwide concern7. has become a hot topic, and heated debates are right on their way.3). 演练题目 Restore Our Traditional Fest

26、ivals1. 现在有很多年轻人更喜欢过西方节日2. 这种现象的原因是3. 我们对待西方节日的态度是Fast Food1. 快餐在中国十分流行，它是现代快节奏社会的最佳反映。2. a. 快餐受欢迎有两条原因 b. 然而，从营养角度来讲，快餐却差强人意 3. 对快餐还是以偶尔品尝为宜。Online Education1.目前网络教育形成热潮2.我认为这股热潮的的原因是3.我对网络教育的评价2 .对比选择型(1). 一些人对待某一事物的观点是(2). 另外一些人对待该事物的态度是(3). 我的看法1). 范文学习Sample 1).Should the University Campus Be O

27、pen to Tourists?One can always find visitors taking pictures and enjoying the scenery in university campus. During the MayDay Holiday, National Day Holiday, summer and winter vacations, many University campuses become popular tourist sites. Some people hold the idea that university campus should be

28、open to tourists. In fact, there are many royal gardens and parks, all of them obviously better than the scenery in the Universities. Why do you think people prefer visiting here with their children? That is because it is a dream goal for many Chinese parents and young ambitious students. Besides th

29、is, as more tourists come to visit universities, these universities can widen their influence as well and they can also make some profit from the tourism.While others think differently. First, tourists visit will disturb the normal teaching. They always get into teaching buildings, libraries and so

30、on. They will make noise and throw rubbish everywhere. Second, some tourists trample grass to take photos, and sculpture on trees to leave words. These will affect the environment of the campus badly.As far as Im concerned, the university campus should not be open to the tourists. Although most of t

31、ourists visit with hope and respect, I think university campus is a holy place for study, not for tourism. So it should not be open to tourists.Sample 2).Spring Festival Gala on CCTVIt has been a hot topic for a long time whether the CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled or not. Many people

32、advocate that CCTV Spring Festival Gala offers a wonderful opportunity to celebrate this traditional festival, for the Chinese all over the world can share the same happiness and excitement brought by the TV program. In addition, many performances are very impressive, and some can even positively af

33、fect our life value. However, every coin has two sides. Some people hold that CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled. One of the most significant reasons may be that this form of celebration force people to spend the eve more passively. Whats more, a great proportion of the programs are not a

34、ttractive enough. As to me, my favor goes to the former opinion, because CCTV Spring Festival Gala gives us another option to celebrate this important moment. But it is really essential to improve the quality of the programs. And I hope some better forms of celebration will be created in the near fu

35、ture.2). 写作模板：A.Peoples opinions about _ vary from person to person. Some people are inclined to _ for the following reasons. Firstly, _ . Secondly, _.Other people, however, take a different attitude that _. On the one hand,_ . On the other hand, _.My own point of view is that _ , because _.Also, _.

36、 So _.B. _ has become a hot topic among people, and heated debates are right on theirway. Quite a few people think _ . It sounds good because _ .On the contrary, there is a universally acknowledged saying that _.To them, _ . In my opinion, _. For one thing, _.For another, _ . Hence, _.Useful sentenc

37、es:1. Different people hold different opinions about Some take it for granted that But others take an opposite idea that 2. Peoples views about vary from person to person. Some people say that While others think that 3. In the face of Some people take the position that . Some people come to believe

38、that 4. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of . Some people suggest that While some others argue that .5. As far as I am concerned, 6. When it comes to me, .7. There are two main reasons why I am opposed to / in favor of the first/second view. 8. Through the discussion men

39、tioned above, we may draw the conclusion that 3). 演练题目：Should Private Cars Be Encouraged?1. 私人购车已成为一种时尚，很多人认为应该鼓励人们购买私家车2. 也有很多人认为不应鼓励私人购车3. 我的看法What Should College Students Do？1. 很多人认为大学生应多参加校内外活动，锻炼各种能力最重要，学习只要能达到基本要求就行。2. 也有很多人认为大学生的首要任务就是学习，就业后再锻炼能力也不晚。3. 你给大学生的建议是Styles of Living1有些人愿意和父母居住在一起

40、2有些人想自己独立居住 3我的看法 3问题解决题型(1). 阐述问题/提出问题(2). 问题形成的原因/解决问题的办法(3). 我的看法1). 范文学习Sample 1).How I Finance My College EducationSeveral years ago new tuition fee policy was put into practice and college students were asked to pay a certain sum of money. And now, all the students, no matter what subjects the

41、y are engaged in, must pay for tuition.There are many ways for a student to finance his college education. Most students ask their parents to pay the tuition fee and pay for their books, accommodation and other cost. A student can also apply for the scholarship. Most universities set up scholarship

42、to offer money to the poor students who do well in entrance exams and reward those who do well in entrance exams and reward those who work well at university. A student can also apply for the low-interest loans. In addition to the above, taking part-time jobs is also a common way for a college stude

43、nt to get money to pay part of his tuition and fees.So far as Im concerned, Id prefer earning the scholarship. This means I must study hard and be a top student, which has always been my goal. After all, the task of a student is to study. And in addition to solving my financial problems, getting the

44、 scholarship can also prove my ability and is good for my future.Sample 2). How to Solve the Traffic Problems?Sometimes we find there are really many problems in traffic system. We often see that traffic is becoming heavier and heavier, and the road accidents are increasing rapidly. Every day, there

45、 are quite a few people getting involved in the road accidents and some of them even lose their lives. But how to solve the traffic problems? Step by step, firstly, we may widen main roads. If the main streets are widened, traffic jams will be decreased and it will be convenient for drivers. Secondl

46、y, we may open up more bus lines. If we open up more bus lines in downtown areas, citizens will have several choices for their destinations if they take buses. Finally, we can also build subways. Maybe at first glance we will invest a lot of money, but in the long run, building subways will not wast

47、e money and materials as widening roads and increasing bus lines do.To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should so something, such as building more overpasses, underpasses, gallop bridges to decrease the number of cars, trucks and bicycles in the main streets. At the same

48、 time, legislative measures should be introduced and pedestrians and drivers should be made to comply with traffic regulations. Those who break traffic regulations must be punished. Drunk driving should be strictly forbidden. I do believe everything will be better in the future.2). 写作模板A.Sometimes w

49、e find there are really many problems / difficulties in _. Then how can we manage to overcome all these? Step by step, first, _. Secondly, _. Thirdly, _ . Last, _.After a period of painstaking efforts, I feel that _ . B.These days we often hear that _ . There are some possible reasons for that. In t

50、he first place, _. In the second place, _. To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as _ to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.Useful sentences:1. Now people are increasingly aware / conscious of .2.

51、 Recently the problem of has been in the limelight.3. Generally speaking, the major reasons for can be listed as follows, .4. Obviously / Apparently, several reasons contribute to / account for .5. It is high time that quick / necessary action / steps / measures should be taken to 6. We should try e

52、very means to .7. Many things can contribute to solving the problem, but the following ones may be most effective. 3). 演练题目:On Power Failure1 很多城市严重缺电2 分析原因3 提出解决办法Green Olympics1. 2008年中国要举办一次绿色奥运会2. 为什么要提倡“绿色奥运”3. 如何为绿色奥运做准备4观点论证题型(1). 阐述观点(2). 举例证明(3). 重述主题1). 范文Sample 1)It Pays to Be HonestIn ou

53、r daily life, there are many occasions on which some people are dishonest to others. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers wont buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people