CMMI.ppt

1、,WWW.HIGET.COM.CN,CMMI,一、CMMI的历史 二、CMMI的结构 三、CMMI的实施 四、CMMI评估,目录,CMM/CMMI的历史,1991年发布CMM V1.0 1993年发布CMM V1.1 1999年完成准CMM V2.0 2002年1月发布CMMI V1.1 2003年SEI同意延长CMM到2005年年底，“下不再议”,IDEAL模型,IDEAL模型,I-启动（Initiating） 为成功的过程改进奠定工作基础。 D-诊断（Diagnosing） 与期望达到的目标相比，确定当前所处的状态。 E-建立（Establishing） 计划如何达到指定的期望目标。 A-

2、行动（Acting） 按照计划进行过程改进工作。 L-学习（Learning） 从实践经验中学习、改进，以持续提高过程变更的能力。,CMMI的领域-Discipline,System Engineering(SE) Software Engineering(SW) Integrated Product and Process Development(IPPD) Supplier Sourcing(SS),CMMI的两种表现-Representation,CMMI的两种表现-Representation,Continuous-连续型,Staged-阶梯型,CMMI的结构-Structure,Ma

3、turity Levels Process Areas (PAs) Generic Goals Generic Practices Common Features Specific Goals Specific Practices,CMMI的结构-Structure,to Perform,Maturity Levels,Generic Practices,Generic Goals,Process Area 2,Common Features,Process Area 1,Process Area n,Ability,Implementation,Verifying,to Perform,Co

4、mmitment,Directing,Implementation,Specific Goals,Implementation,Specific Practices,to Perform,Maturity Levels,Generic Practices,Generic Goals,Process Area 2,Common Features,Process Area 1,Process Area n,Ability,Implementation,Verifying,to Perform,Commitment,Directing,Implementation,Specific Goals,Im

5、plementation,Specific Practices,CMMI的结构-成熟度等级,初始级,项目过程是未加定义的一种随意过程 对项目管理没有客观的评价标准和基本的保障 项目的成功很大程度上依赖于项目经理的个人能力和项目组的经验 一个项目的成功经验很难得到推广,已管理级,已建立了项目管理的方针和规程 项目管理的基本过程已经到位 建立了供应商管理过程，能够有效地管理供应商的表现,已定义级,管理和工程过程已经文档化、标准化，并形成组织级标准过程 组织级的标准过程是在总结项目过程和经验的基础上形成的 所有项目均按照裁剪指南从组织级标准过程中裁剪出项目定义的过程,定量管理级,组织为标准过程和工作

6、产品制定了量化的质量目标 使用组织级的过程数据库采集、分析项目的有用数据，评估项目过程质量和产品质量，定期发布过程能力基线报告，反映组织级的过程能力,优化级,组织以预防、变革和完善组织过程为目标 通过分析问题，查找导致问题的根源，排除问题的根源，从根源上杜绝问题再次发生 组织有计划地评价、选择和实施新技术、新过程，从而不断提高过程和产品质量，提高生产率，缩短产品上市时间,CMMI的结构-GG（通用目标）,Address Institutionalization issues Same goal statement appears across multiple PAs For Level 2:

7、 GG2 : The process is institutionalized as a managed process For Levels 3, 4 and 5 GG3: The process is institutionalized as a defined process,CMMI的结构-制度化,Means that KPA : Implementation is effective Implementation is repeatable Implementation is lasting “We will continue to follow the process.”,CMMI

8、的结构- GP（通用实践）,GG2: EPPATMIMOR “Establish an Organizational Policy” CO1 “Plan the process” AB1 “Provide resources” AB2 “Assign Responsibilities” AB3 “Train People” AB4 “Manage Configurations” DI1 “Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders” DI2 “Monitor and control the process” - DI3 “Objectively Eva

9、luate Adherence” - VE1 “Review Status with Higher Level Management” - VE2,CMMI的结构- GP（通用实践）,GG3: EC Establish a Defined process Collect improvement information,公共属性-执行的约定,Actions required to ensure that process is established and will endure CO1 - “Establish an Organizational Policy”,公共属性-执行的能力,Prec

10、onditions that must exist to implement process competently Typically involves Resources Organizational structure Training,公共属性-执行的能力,“Plan the process” AB1 “Provide resources” AB2 “Assign Responsibilities” AB3 “Train People” AB4 Establish a defined process AB5,公共属性-指导实施,“Manage Configurations” DI1 “

11、Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders” DI2 “Monitor and control the process” DI3 “Collect Improvement information” DI4,公共属性-验证实施,Ensures that activities are performed in accordance with established process Typically involves Reviews and audits of the process Objectively Evaluate Adherence Revie

12、w Status with Higher Level Management,CMMI的结构- SG（特定目标）,Applies to a specific PA Addresses unique characteristics of PA Example: PA - Configuration Management SG1: Establish Baselines,CMMI的结构- SP（特定实践）,Practices considered important to achieve specific goal Carrying out all SPs would be expected to

13、achieve the specific goal Example: PA - Configuration Management : SP1.1: Identify Configuration Items SP1.2: Establish a Configuration Management system SP1.3: Create or release baselines,CMMI的实施,过程定义,差距分析,过程部署和 实施,正式评估,CMMI的实施-四大阶段,诊断企业当前 过程情况 进行CMMI实施培训 完成CMMI 实施路标规划,推动组织过程 定义 提供专题培训 评审已定义的 过程文件,

14、推动过程实施 发现弱项并跟 踪解决 推动过程的制度化 进行内部评估,进行ATM培训 文件评审 现场评估 报告最终发现 结果 下一步过程改 进建议,*以项目的方式帮助客户实施CMMI，项目分为以下四个阶段：,CMM/CMMI评估,CMMI SCAMPI : Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement SCAMPI Class A CMM CBA-IPI : CMM Based Assessment - Internal Process Improvement SCE - Subcontractor Evaluation,CMMI评估,Intro to CMMITraining,Assessment Team Training,Assessment On-Site Period,Obtain and Analyze Initial Objective evidence,CMMI评估-Onsite,编写初步发现结果,制定改进行动计划,召开高层会议,收集整理评估数据,收集整理评估数据,总结评估结果,编写实施差距陈述,描述抽样实例的实施情况,描述公司的整体实施情况,报告初步发