高中英语复习专题：定语从句(含知识要点,典型例题和解析)

1、高中英语复习专题：定语从句专 题 语法：定语从句的结构和用法目 标 掌握考纲语法知识重 难 点 几组关系代词的区别常 考 点 在语法填空和阅读理解中的运用一概述She is the girl who likes singing. 她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。 先行词 引导词 定语从句定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。只作整个句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用。关系代词：在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语关系副词：在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语结构： 主句的先行词 + 引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的定语从句 被定语从句修饰的n.

2、/pron. 3个作用：连接引导定语从句；代替先行词；在从句中充当某一成分 定语从句的引导词关系代词指人who(主语) whom(宾语)that(主语、宾语) whose= of whom(定语)指物that(主语、宾语) which(主语、宾语)whose= of which(定语)which/ as引导非限定性定语从句关系副词=介词+关系代词（介词看先行词）地点状语where= in/ at/ on which时间状语when= during/ on/ in/ at which原因状语why= for which 二. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which,

3、as的基本用法1. who：在从句中作主语，只可指人The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。（作主语）2. whom：who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？ The professor whom you are waiting fo

4、r has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。3. whose：属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物。Who is the girl whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁？I want the book whose cover is red. 我要封面是红色的那本书。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。【】指人/物时，常用下列结构来代替whose+n.= the+n.+of which/ the+n.+of whom 或of which+the+n./

5、 of whom+the+n.她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。She is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class. the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class. of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class.你看到窗户破了的房子吗？Do you notice the house whose window is broken? the window of which is broken? of which th

6、e window is broken?4. that：作主语、宾语（可省略），可指人或物Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语可省略）5. which：作主语、宾语（可省略），指物Football is a game which is liked b

7、y most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） This is the pen (which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。（作宾语）6. as：作主语、宾语多单独引导一个非限定性定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为正如，这一点。as is known to all 众所周知as anybody can see正如任何人能看到的（作宾语）as is often the case 这是常

8、有的事as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的as is reported in the newspaper 正如报纸所报道的as we had expected 正如我们所预料的（作宾语）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health. (as作宾语，句首)=Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we all know.（as作宾语，句尾）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health.（as作宾语，句中）=As is known

9、to all, smoking is harmful to ones health. （as作主语）=Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)【考题印证】1. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. （2010湖南）

10、A. who B. where C. when D. which【解析】A。考查定语从句。 该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who，即A项。2. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. （2011全国卷I） A. that B. which C. whose D. what 【解析】C。考查定语从句。本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有

11、想象力的作者。3. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. （2010陕西） A. where B. which C. its D. Whose【解析】D。考查定语从句。 所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。4. The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, spe

12、cially after hard work. （2010江苏）A. that B. it C. what D. which 【解析】D。考查定语从句。定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙5. The air quality in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. it C. as D. what （2012福建卷）【解析】C。本题考查定语从句的引导词。本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air

13、quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。6. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as （2011上海卷）【解析】A。考查定语从句。先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。7. T

14、he old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. （2011山东卷）A. they B. where C. what D. that【解析】D。考查定语从句的引导词。关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。三. 几组关系代词的区别1. 只能用that，而不用which(1)当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, lit

15、tle, some等不定代词时，或当先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。例如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？【】当

16、先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词whoAny man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或被序数词修饰时。例如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。He was the first per

17、son that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。(3) 先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时。例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。The only thing that we could do at that time was wait.那是我们所能做的事就是等待。 【】当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。Wa

18、ng Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。(4) 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词引导的特殊疑问句中（以避免重复）。例如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？(5) 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。例如：They talked about the persons and things t

19、hat they remembered at school.他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。(6) 主句是there be结构，例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。2. 只能用which，而不用that(1) 先行词为that，those时，例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什

20、么？(2) 关系代词前有介词时，例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。(3) 引导非限定性定语从句，例如：Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。3. the same .as表示相似的东西the same.that表示同一人或物She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore

21、. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。4. as和which都可引导非限定性定语从句as可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句（句中）；which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。如：As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe. 张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。【考题印证】1. I refuse to accept the blame for som

22、ething _was someone elses fault. （2010全国II）A. who B. that C. as D. what【解析】B。考查定语从句引导词的用法。不定代词something作主语，用that引导。2. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. （2011全国卷II） A. this B. that C. what D. which【解析】D。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，

23、首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。3. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. （2011北京卷）A. whoB. which C. whatD. that【解析】B。考查非限定性定语从句。逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。选择which。【真题体验】1.【2010湖南】Ive

24、become good friends with several of the students in my school . I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which2.【2010山东】Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What3.【2010四川】After graduating from college, I took some time

25、off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where4.【2010全国】I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what5.【2011福建卷】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere (tmsf(r)n.氛围，大气层) for her students _ allows them to

26、 communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who6.【2012安徽卷】lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. This7.【2012陕西卷】It is the third time that she

27、has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what8.【2012北京卷】When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 9.【2012全国II】That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late

28、. A. that B. which C. what D. When【答案解析】 1. A，考查定语从句。该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students, 且在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who 2. C，考查定语从句的引导词。句意应为 “那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用, 所以使用whose。 3. B，考查定语从句。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前边整个句子。句意为： “大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。” 4. B，定语从句。不定代词something作主语

29、, 用that引导。 5. A，考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。6. A，本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：现已发现，大量的语言学习是发生在出生后的第一年内；所以父母们在这一时期应该多给孩子说话。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，在此以插入语的形式置于主句之间，as从句修饰限定的是整个主句（a lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life）。本题易误选which，理解成which从句修饰

30、a lot of language learning。7. C，考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。8. B，非限制性定语从句，which作表语。9. B，考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。四. 关系副词where, when, why的基本用法1. where：一般用来修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语。相当于“介词+关系代词”，where=in/ at/ on

31、. whichThe tourists sought out a shady spot where they sat down and rested旅游者找到一块阴凉的地方坐下休息。Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Beijing is the place in which I was born.The school where his sister works is a key school in JiangSu Province.The school at which his sister works is a key scho

32、ol in JiangSu Province. 他姐姐工作的这所学校是江苏省重点学校。Have you ever been to the house where Lu Xun once lived. Have you ever been to the house in which Lu Xun once lived.你去过鲁迅曾经住过的房子吗？【】当先行词不是place，room，factory，country等明显的地点名词，而是表示抽象地点的名词：case, point, position, activity, situation, stage, job, business, situat

33、ion等时，常用用关系副词 where或“介词+which来引导定语从句You reach a point where medicine cant help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。I dont want a job where Im chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。She wants a job where her management skills

34、can be put to good use.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。2. when：用来修饰表示时间的先行词，如time, day, week, month, year等，在定语从句中充当时间状语。相当于“介词+关系代词”，when= during/ on/ in/ at . whichIllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。 She dreams of the day when she will be playing the piano for a living她梦想着有朝一日能以演奏钢琴为生。I s

35、till remember the day when I joined the army. 我仍然记得我参军的那一天。I still remember the day on which I joined the army.July is the month when we have a lot of rain. 七月是我们有大量雨水月份。July is the month in which we have a lot of rain. There was a time when there were no radios, telephones or TV sets here. There wa

36、s a time during which there were no radios, telephones or TV sets here.曾经有一段时间，这里没有收音机，电视机，电话。【】当先行词不是day, time, year, month, 等明显的时间名词，而是表示抽象时间的名词：occasion（时机）, age（年代）, period（时期）等时，常用用关系副词when 或“介词+which来引导3. why：修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。相当于“介词+关系代词”，why=for whichThe reason why she didnt get the j

37、ob was that her English was not very good她没得到这个工作的原因是她的英语不是很好。The reason why he is late is that his car went wrong他迟到的原因是他的汽车坏了。Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？Is this the reason for which he refused our offer? 【真

38、题体验】1. Sales director (销售部经理) is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales. A. which B. that C. when D. where （2012重庆卷）【解析】D。本题考查定语从句。句意：销售厂长是一个交际能力和销售技能同等重要的一个职位。先行词position在从句中应作地点状语，“在这个职位上” 交际能力和销售技能同等重要。2. Care of the soul is a gradual process _even the small details of l

39、ife should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which （2012湖南）【解析】D。本题考查定语从句。句意：关爱灵魂是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生活中的小细节也应虑及。根据句意，先行词process在定语从句中应作时间状语，“在这个过程中”，所以该从句应用in which或关系副词when来引导。3. We live in an age_ more information is available with greater ease(更轻而易举地) than ever before. A. why B. whe

40、n C. to whom D. on which （2012浙江卷） 【解析】B。本题考查定语从句。when引导定语从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。4. A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. （2011浙江卷） A. when B. that C. where D. there【解析】C考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作

41、地点状语5. It was April 29, 2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. （2011福建卷）AthatBwhenCsinceDbefore【解析】B考查定语从句。去掉It was及that后，April 29，2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April29，20116. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make

42、 a living. （2011天津卷）A. when B. that C. where D. which【解析】A考查定语从句。句意为：when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为：全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了7. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. （2010福建）A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose 【解析】B定语从句先行词为planet, 表示地点, 故用where

43、8. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. （2010江西）A. where B. who C. which D. what【解析】A考查定语从句。先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where9. -Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? （2010天津）-You

44、should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that【解析】C考查定语从句。句意：你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗？你应该到我去的那家理发店试试, 只需要15美元。句中the barbers 是先行词, 从句中go是不及物动词, 所选关系代词在从句中作状语, 所以要用where。10. Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. （2009福建）A. that B. when C. wh

45、ich D. where 【解析】D考查定语从句。先行词是situation, 指物, 亦可指地点, 关系词在从句中做地点状语, 用关系副词where, 选D。把孩子放在他们能够另眼看自己的环境里是有益的。11. Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. （2009重庆）A. why B. what C. that D. where 【解析】D考查定语从句。人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。先行词race在定语从句中作地点状语需加介词in, 因此用where。12. W

46、hat do you think of teacher, Bob？（2009北京）I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that 【解析】A 考查定语从句。意为：鲍勃, 你觉得教书怎么样？我觉得这是个很有趣且具挑战性的工作。这是一项你始终认真对待但乐趣无穷的工作。先行词job与介词in搭配在从句中作地点状语, in whichwhere。五. 关系代词和关系副词使用的区别1. 如何判定用关

47、系代词还是用关系副词？找出定语从句中是否主谓宾都齐全，如果齐全用关系副词when, where, why；不齐全则用关系代词that, which, who, whom, as，而用什么关系代词就看先行词I will never forget the days when I stayed with you.1985 was the year when Eason made his first real film.Please give me the reason why you could make such a great success.Do you remember the lake w

48、here you first met your girlfriend.如果定语从句中缺少宾语，确定定语从句中的谓语动词是不是vt.及物动词，如果是则用关系代词，不是则用关系副词Yesterday we went to visit the house where=in which the great writer used to live.The house which/that they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. (sth. stay up悬在原位上)Luckily none of the people whom/that I know were killed in the earthquake.My father was born in the year when=in which the Second World War broke out. (sth. break out爆发)如果定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，并且有主语，则用关系副词Kunming is a beautiful pla