新概念二-跟踪练习-Lesson-10-语法：-中考英语被动语态

1、 L10：被 动 语 态 一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般

2、现在时：amisarespoken 一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken 现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：werewas beingspoken 现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于19

3、81年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、被动语态的用法详解：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutt

4、ing things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long time ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动

5、语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在

6、进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is repairing my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Uncle Wang now.They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be

7、planted.五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.-He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.-The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down

8、a tree.-A tree was cut down by him.六、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词be过去分词构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.-This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.-It should be done at once.七、特殊情况：Make/let sb. do sth. - sb. be made/let to do sth. 1.He made

9、the boy work for two hours yesterday.- The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2. Mother never lets me watch TV .-I am never let to watch TV by mother.See/hear sb. do sth.- sb. be seen/heard to do sth. 3. Jim saw the boy run yesterday.-The boy was seen to run by Jim yesterday.Give/le

10、nd sb. sth.-(1)sb. be given sth. by. (2)sth. be given to sb. by4.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now. 初中英语被动语态练习题：一、选择题（215=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?

11、A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is vi

12、sited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by p

13、eople to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this

14、book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B

15、. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）1.Its said(据说) that the l

16、ong bridge_（build）in two months 2.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 3.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _ _ (must send) to the hospital. 8. V

17、egetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. T

18、his kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city? 16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance). 三、真题体验。 （2016黄石）-Whydoestheearthlookblueinspace？-Becausemostoftheearthssurface_bywater（）AcoversBiscovered Ccover Darecovered（2016菏泽）When you go abroad，youll find

19、 that so many products in local shops_in China （）AmakeBhave madeCare made-AsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger,Chinese_inmoreandmoreschoolsoutofourcountry-ThatstrueAsaChinese，Ifeelveryproud（）Ateaches BhastaughtCistaught Dwastaught（2016漳州）If a driver_to park in the wrong place，hell get a fine（）AfindsBis f

20、oundChas found（2016厦门）-These days，teenagers often have to do what they_to-Its not good for their independenceThey need to think on their own Atell Bare telling Care told（2016十堰）A year has four seaons and it_twelve months（）Adivided into Bis dividing into Cwsa divided into Dis divided into（2016盐城）In S

21、witzerland，things like glass and plasticinto different groups and then recycled（）Aseparate Bseparated Care separated Dis separated（2016南充）Chinese_by more and more people around the world（）Ais spokenBspokeCare spoken Dspeaks（2016泸州）Every year many trees_along the streets to make our city more beautifulAplant Bhave planted Care planted Dwere planted（2016兰州）These rules are madethe disabled（）Aprotect BprotectedCtoprotect Dp