八年级英语语法总结与练习

1、八年级英语语法总结与练习 八大时态讲解与练习一、一般现在时概念：经常、反复发生的动作。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；he is tall.行为动词. i/we/you/you/they+v原。第三人称单数时用动词的“单三形式”， 动词三单形式的变化规则：直接加，变y为i 加，双写辅音加，一般现在时的句子转换：1句中有be或情态动词时变一般疑问句：把be或情态动词提到句首.变否定句：在be或情态动词后加not

2、例： she is my sister.疑问句：_? yes, she is ./ no, she isnt. 否定句:_i can play soccer.疑问句_? yes,ican./ no, i cant.否定句_.2句中含有行为动词时，变一般疑问句：加助动词do, does ？变否定句：加助动词dont, doesnt+动词原形。例： we get up（起床） at 7:00 every morning.疑问句do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句we dont get up at 7:00 every morning. 陈述句：she ha

3、s a brother.疑问句_? 否定句_ .巩固练习题： 一、按照要求改写句子1 she enjoys swmiming very much . (变为否定句) 2 i like apples. (用she改写句子) 3 i dont think he _(need) an agent. 4. nick _ _(not go) to the zoo on sunday.5. _ they _(like) pears? 6_ your parents _(have) eggs every day?7.mike_(like)_(cook).8the boyoften_(watch)tv,.he

4、 _(not do)homework at night.8.my parents usually_(read) books,and my cousin often_(do) housework on weekends.9.the sun _(be) bigger than the moon.10.what_ he often_(do) on sunday?-he always_(play) the guitar. 二 一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, n

5、ight, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词ved否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt+v原。(3)couldnt +v原一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词did 提问，+v原 (3)could i was a student 6years ago.( 否定句和一般疑问句 )_ i could play the piano last year.( 否定句和一般疑问句 )_ they saw a film last nig

6、ht .( 否定句和一般疑问句 )动词过去式变化规则。 a)一般情况下的词加-ed. workworked callcalled laughlaughed b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d livelived changechanged graduategraduated c)以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed. studystudied carrycarried crycried d)以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-ed. playplayed staystayed巩固练习题：1 how was your weekend on the farm? it_(be) grea

7、t! we _(make)_ friends with the farmers.2 he turned off the light and then _(leave). 3why didnt he come here?-because he_ (not finish) my homework. 4. i _(go) to shanghai with my parents last summer.5. mary_(swim) with her cousin just now.6.when i got there, the weather_(be) rainy, i _(forget) _(bri

8、ng) the raincoat.7.he put on his coat and _(walk) out with his dog.8._ she_(do) the housework yesterday?9.last summer holiday they_(not visit) anywhere interesting.10.there_(be) many trees here hundreds of years ago. 三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作。时间状语：now, look,listen , its+time, these days, where is*

9、? at the moment.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.动词现在分词的构成直接加-ing 以不发音的字母e 结尾,e加ing dance dancing辅元辅双写辅音+ingstopping beginning swimming unning sitting putting planning getting 巩固练习题：1 look! the boy _ with his mother in the pool.（swim）2what is tom doing in the classroom? he _ something o

10、n the blackboard.(draw) 3 some girls _(run) while some boys are playing basketball now.4its eight oclock we_(have) english class.5 _ yourf father _(clean)his car?no,he is cooking .wheres jim?-he_(swim) in the pool.7.listen!who_(sing) next to the room?-sorry,i dont know.四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为。

11、时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing.用动词的适当形式填空。1. while we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl ran to us.2. i _ (telephone) a friend when bob _ (come) in.3. while mother _ (put) cathy to bed, the door bell _ (ring).4. when i wal

12、ked in the park, it _ (rain).5. it was 9:00 at night. george _(read) when he heard a knock at the door.6. i _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.7. what _ you _ (do) at that time we _ (watch) tv.8. was your father at home yesterday evening? yes, he was. he _ (listen) to the radio

13、 at that time.9 they _(not make) a cake when i saw him.10. _they _ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?no, they _ (clean) the classroom.11. _ it _(rain) when you left school yes, it _. 12. what _ your father _ (do) when your mother called?13. while my father _ (look) through the evening paper,

14、 he_(do) his homework.五 一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.3 be doing巩固练习题：( )1. if he _harder, he will catch up with us soon. a. study b. studies c. will study d

15、. studied( )2. jimmy is leaving for a holiday. really? where _ he _?a. has; gone b. will; go c. did; go d. would; go( )3 frank _ to see his grandma if he _ free tomorrow.a. will come; will be b. comes; is c. will come; is d. comes; will be( )4. there_a talk in our school next monday.a.will give b. w

16、ill be c. is going to give ( )5. shall we go shopping now? sorry, i cant. i _ my shirts.a. wash b. washes c. washed d. am washing( )6. come back home every month. i _.a. will b. must c. should d. can7 he works as a reporter. (in ten years) he_in ten years.8.there_(be) less pollution in the future.9.

17、the people_(have) robots in their house. they_(help) people do something.10.what_she_(do) next term?-shell study harder than befor.六 过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.巩固练习题：1 li ming said he _happy if brian_to china next month. a. as; come b. was; would

18、 come c. would be; came d. will be; come2. jenny said she _her holiday in china. a. spent b. would spent c. was going to spent d. would spend3. what did your son say in the letter? he told me that he _ the disney world the next day.a. will visit b. has visited c. is going to visit d. would visit4. i

19、 hoped tina _ to my birthday party on time the next wednesday. a. to come b. is coming c. will come d. was coming5. father said that he _ me to beijing the next year. a. took b. would take c. takes d. will take6. we were not sure if they _ more vegetables. a. are going to grow b. were going to grow

20、c. will grow d. have grownii. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. miss zhang said she _(visit) the great wall next summer. 2. she told him that she _(not stay) here for long.3. i wasnt sure if lucy_(come) the next year.4. he was fifty-six. in two years he _(be) fifty-eight.5 mike said he _(help)me if i _(help)him.七现在完成时

21、一现在完成时概念：（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果i have eaten lunch. (i am full.)i have seen the film. ( it is interesting)（2）表示动作发生在过去,持续到现在，还有可能继续持续下去。常与for,since连用.同于现在完成进行时。结构：肯定句：助动词have/has+ 过去分词(done) 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+过去分词+其他.答语: yes, 主语 + have/has. no, 主语 + havent/hasnt.过去分词

22、：则动词：规则动词的过去分词与过去式+ed。不规则动词见附表。标志词1 以already, just和yet为标志 he has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。he hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。they have already finished homework .(否定句和一般疑问句）2.以ever和never为标志this is the best film i have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。he has never spoken to a foreigner.他从没有到过北京。3. 以动作发生的次数为

23、标志he says he has been to the usa three times. 他说他已去过美国三次了。4. 以so far（到目前为止）为标志 或者以before 为标志5.since,for,常与延续性动词连用。for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）it is+时段+since+从句（过去时）短暂性变延续性动词：buyhave borrow keep come/arrive/reach/get tobe in leave be away join be a member beginbe on openbe op

24、en close be closed diebe dead i bought a dictionary last month.i have had a dictionary for a month.linda borrowed some money from her friend five days ago.linda has kept some money from her friend for five days.mr green came to beijing two years ago.mr green has been in beijingthe officer left his h

25、ometown.the officer has been away from his hometown for 5 years.现在完成时练习：1 lilei_(learn) english since last year.2 i _never_(speak) to a foreigner.3 mr green _(live)in china for two years.4 how many times _you _(be )there?5 we_(know)each other since we were young.6、he has already finished his homewor

26、k.否定句:_.7they have found the lost books already._ they _ the lost books _？no，they_8julia has not got home from school yet（改为肯定句） julia _ _ _ home from school mr wang began to teach english in this school in 1999（改为同义句） mr wang _ _ english in this school since 199910 they have lived here since 3 year

27、s ago. (对划线提问) 八、过去完成时：?概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。?标志词：before,?by?the?end?of?last?year(term,?month?),etc.?基本结构：had?+?done.?否定形式：had?+?not?+?done.?一般疑问句：had放于句首。?过去完成时的用法：?1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。?例如：the?train?had?already?left?befor

28、e?we?arrived.?在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。?he?said?that?he?had?learned?some?english?before.?他说过他以前学过一些英语。?2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。?例如：i?had?lived?in?america?for?two?years?before?i?came?here?.?我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。?3表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope,?want,plan,wish,?expect,?think,?intend,?m

29、ean,?suppose等。?例如：we?had?hoped?that?you?would?come,?but?you?didnt.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。?i?had?thought?that?all?knew?about?it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。?巩固练习:?1.?you?dont?need?to?describe?her.?i?_?her?several?times.a.?had?met?b.?have?metc.?met?d.?meet?2.?im?sorry?to?keep?you?waiting.?oh,?not?at?all.?i?_?here?only?a?f

30、ew?minutes.?a.?have?beenb.?had?beenc.?was?d.?will?be3、the?students?_?busily?when?miss?brown?went?to?get?a?book?she?_?in?the?office.a.?had?written,?left?b，were?writing,?has?left? c?had?written,?had?leftd.?were?writing,?had?left?4、my?dictionary?_,?i?have?looked?for?it?everywhere?but?still_?it.a.?has?l

31、ost,?dont?findb.?is?missing,?dont?find?c.?has?lost,?havent?foundd.?is?missing,?havent?found.?5.i?_to?help?you?but?couldnt?get?here?in?time.?a.?want?b.?had?wantedc.?have?wanted?d.?was?wanting6.when?i?reached?home,?my?parents?_their?supper.?a.are?havingb.have?already?had?c.have?hadd.?had?already?had?7

32、.it?seems?that?the?old?man?_something?important.?a.has?lostb.?had?lost?c.?lost?d.?would?lose?8.she?_in?this?school?_the?past?ten?years.?a.was?teaching,?since?b.?had?been?teaching,?sincec.would?teach,?ford.?has?been?teaching,?for?9.did?you?see?xiao?li?at?the?partyno,?_by?the?time?i?arrived.?a.shed?le

33、ft?b.shes?left?c.?she?was?left?d.she?must?leave10.the?job?proved?to?be?much?more?difficult?than?i_.?a.?expectb.expectedc.?would?expect?d.had?expected?11.we?couldnt?catch?up?with?the?others?because?they?_too?long?before?us.?a.startedb.were?startingc.have?started?d.had?started?12.she?felt?anxious?abou

34、t?her?son?as?she?_for?quite?a?long?time.a.havent?heard?himb.?hadnt?heard?him?c.haven?t?heard?from?himd.?hadnt?heard?from?him?13.by?the?time?the?speaker?entered?the?hall,?all?the?listeners_.?a.?had?seated?b.?were?seatedc.?seated?d.?were?seating时态综合练习1.?we usually _ (get ) up at 7:00 every morning.2.?

35、she _ (watch) tv when she heard a loud knock at the door this time yesterday.3.?my mother _ (come) here tomorrow.4.?look ! some one _ (dance) there. 5.?wei huas brother _ (join) the army in 1995. 6.?he _ (write) a letter this afternoon. 7.he looked unhappy.what_(happen) to him. 8.?she said that she_

36、 (go) to japan the next year. 9.what _you_(do) when the ufo arrived? 10.we dont know if mr zhang _(come) to our school. if he _(come) tomorrow,we_(feel)excited. 11. mr green _(live)in china for two years.12we_(know)each other since we were young.13 when?i?reached?home,?my?parents?_their?dinner（have）

37、九接引语变间接引语：人称变，时态变，事实真理不变。1.肯定句：“that引导” say to sb,改成 tell sb:2.一般疑问句：if/whether引导whethet与or /not 连用。 = 1 * gb3 加if或whether。= 2 * gb3 变陈述语序 = 3 * gb3 要把said改成askedshe said :is he a doctor? she asked me if he was a doctor?3特殊疑问句：“what/how等疑问代词或疑问副词引导+陈述语序she asked me, “when do they have their dinner?”

38、 she asked me when they had their dinner. 4. 祈使句：根据说话人的语气，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”变直接引语为间接引语：1.they said，“we can help you with your english” 2. he said，“the earth turns around the sun” 3.she said,”i want to be a teacher.”_4. “i never eat meat.” he said. he said that _ never

39、 _ meat.5 “did you see her last week?” he said. he _ _ i had seen her the week _.6. he asked, “how did you find it, mother?” he asked her mother _ _ _ found it.7. “stop making” he said. he _ the children _ _ making 8 “dont tell him the news.” she said. she told me _ _ _ him the news.9“are you intest

40、ed in this?” he said. he _ _ i was interestd in _.10 “i am having supper，” he said. he said that _ _ having supper.11. the teacher said， “the sun is bigger than the moon.” the teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.12. “how often do you exercise ?” he said to lily. he _ lily_ _ _ _.13. “ke

41、ep quiet， children.” he said. he _ the children _ _ quiet.14 mary said”i will go to toms house on sunday.” mary said _十.宾语从句专项习题1.have?you?decided?_for?australiaa.?when?will?you?leave?b.?when?do?you?leave?c.?you?will?leave?when?d.?when?you?will?leave?2.can?you?tell?me?_a.?where?does?tom?liveb.?where

42、?tom?lived?c.?tom?lives?where?d.?where?tom?lives?3.the?old?man?asked?me?_?.?a.?where?was?the?cinemab.?where?is?the?cinema?c.?where?the?cinema?wasd.?where?was?the?way?to?the?cinema?4.i?think?_?you?will?like?him.?a.?thatb.?ifc.?why?d.?how?5.i?didntknow?_?he?will?come?or?not.a.?thatb.?whetherc.?weather

43、d.?how?6.i?wonder?_?.?a.?how?much?cost?these?shoesb.?how?much?do?these?shoes?cost?c.?how?much?these?shoes?costd.?how?much?are?these?shoes?cost?7.she?asked?me?_?.?a.?who?he?wasb.?who?was?hec.?who?is?hed.?who?he?is?8.ask?him?_.?a.?whose?cup?this?is?b.?whose?cup?is?this?c.?this?is?whose?cup?d.?whose?is

44、?this?cup?9.i?don?t?know?_?.?a.?what?time?the?movie?startsb.?what?time?starts?the?movie?c.?the?time?to?start?the?movied.?the?movie?what?time?starts?10.the?doctor?asked?me?how?long?_?.?a.?was?i?illb.have?i?been?illc.?i?have?been?illd.?i?had?been?ill?11.the?weather?forecast?doesnt?say?_.?a.?if?it?rain

45、s?tomorrow?b.?if?does?it?rain?tomorrow?c.?if?it?will?rain?tomorrowd.?if?will?it?rain?tomorrow?12.do?you?know?_a.?whose?pen?is?this?b.?whose?pen?this?is?c.?whom?does?the?pen?belong?tod.?whom?the?pen?belong?to?13.could?you?tell?me?where?_a.?the?tape?wasb.?was?the?tapec.?the?tape?isd.?is?the?tape?14.th

46、ey?want?to?know?_a.?where?is?the?hospitalb.?how?old?are?you?c.?when?the?train?will?leaved.?why?is?the?boy?crying?15.tony?wanted?to?know?_.?what?had?father?christmas?put?in?his?stockingb.?when?father?christmas?had?put?in?his?stocking?c.?what?father?christmas?had?put?in?his?stocking?d.where?father?chr

47、istmas?had?put?in?his?stocking?被动语态练习被动语态的结构为“助动词be及物动词的过去分词（pp）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：?一般现在时：amisarepp?一般过去时：waswerepp一般将来时：shall?will?be?pp现在完成时：have?has?been?pp现在进行时：amisarebeingpp?过去将来时：should?would?be?pp?含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词bepp1._?a?new?library?_?in?our?school?last?year?a.

48、?is;?built?b.?was;?builtc.?does;?build?d.?didbuild?2.?an?accident?_?on?this?road?last?week.?a.?has?been?happenedb.?was?happenedc.?is?happened?d.?happened?3.so?far,?the?moon?_?by?man?already.?a.?is?visited?b.?will?be?visitedc.?has?been?visitedd.?was?visited?4.a?talk?on?chinese?history?_?in?the?school

49、?hall?next?week.a.?is?givenb.?has?been?givenc.?will?be?givend.?gives?5.how?many?trees?_?this?yeara.?are?plantedb.?will?plantc.?have?been?plantedd.?planted?6.-when?_?this?kind?of?computers_-last?year.?a.?did;?useb.?was;?usedc.?is;?used?d.?are;?used?7.the?great?wall?_?all?over?the?world.a.?knowsb.?knewc.?is?known?d.?was?known8.who?_?this?book?_a.?did;?writtenb.?was;?written?byc.?did;?writtend.?was;?written9.the?monkey?was?seen?_?off?the?tree.?a.?jump?b.?jumpsc.?jumpedd.?to?jump?10.the?school?bag?_?behind?the?chair.?a.?putsb.?can?be?putc.?can?be?put