定语从句讲解

1、 The Attributive Clause 有关系代词或关系副词引导用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词并起定语作用的从句, 叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词, 从句跟在先行词后面。 定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词或副词+陈述句语序, 关系代词有: who, whom, whose, which, that, as等; 关系副词有when, where, why等。关系代词有双重功能, 一方面代表前面所修饰的先行词, 把从句与先行词连接起来; 另一方面引导出从句并在从句中充当某种句子成分。1. The number of people who/that lost homes reache

2、d as many as 250,000.2. It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.关系代词之物时只用which不用that的情况(1) 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词提前至关系代词前时只用which, 但当介词在从句句尾时, 两者皆可。 This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. = This is the question which / that weve had so much discussion about.(2)

3、在非限定性定语从句中必须用which不能用that。 This is the book which/that Im looking for. They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.1. 关系副词where之地点, 在从句中作地点状语。 This is the house where he lived.2. 关系副词when指时间, 在从句中作时间状语。 Ill never forget the days when we played together.3. 关系副词why指原因, 在从句中

4、作原因状语。 He explained the reason why he was late.注意: 关系副词有时可用介词+which来代替。如上句中where=in which; when=on which; why=for whichRewrite the sentence using the attributive clause:1. I remember the day. “The Beatles” played their first hit on that day.I remember the day when “The Beatles” played their first hi

5、t. 2. The guitar was lost while he was touring. George gave many performances with it. The guitar with which George gave many performances was lost while he was touring.3. The musicians were very popular. They worked with the musicians. The musicians with whom they worked were very popular.归纳：1. tha

6、t 与which先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that1. Nothing _ can be done has been done.2. Do you have anything _ you dont understand?先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。1. This is the best TV _ is made in China.2. The first museum _ he visited in China was the His

7、tory Museum.先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修饰时,引导定语从句用that 。Ive read all the books _ you lent me.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that。1. The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.2. A victim is a person, animal or thi

8、ng _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that。Who _ you have ever seen can do it better?在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。1. Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.2. This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.3. Xiao Wang, with _ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.如何判断介词注意:

9、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词只能用which和whom, 且不能省略。介词主要根据三个方面来选择: 一是先行词与介词的搭配; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配; 三是根据“介词+关系代词”在从句中的作用及意义。用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配This is the book _ which you asked.The old man whom I am looking after is better.注意：动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前。2) . 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some refere

10、nce books _ which I am not very familiar.3) 根据先行词判断, 所用的介词与先行词搭配This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers desk.综合练习：1. I disagree with the facts _ which your argument is based.2. The song, _ which he was interested, will never be heard again.3. This is the reason _ which he often comes to s

11、chool late.4. I will never forget the way _ which my teacher taught me.5. This is the hero _ whom we are proud. 3 Whose 的使用whose 引导的定语从句表示所属关系The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.There are in this class 20 students, _ are different.（ABC）A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of

12、 whomC. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose4 as 的使用定语从句在句首时只能用as, as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的The earth is round, _ we all know._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that the earth is round.This is the same book as I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。This is the same book that I lost.这本

13、书就是我丢的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.（定语从句）这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。This is such an interesting book _ we all like it.This is so interesting a book _ we all like it.（结果状语从句）这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，而which 引导定语从句不能放在句首。as译为正如，好像, which则没

14、有此义。1. It is very useful to master a foreign language, _ has been said before. _ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize. 区别关系副词和关系代词when, where, why 与that, which 的区分 指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。 Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. Ill never forget the time _ I

15、spent with you.3 This is the museum _ I visited last year.This is the reason _ (= for which) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.6 定语从句中的动词的数关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词。He is the only one in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise. He is one of the students in his class who _

16、 (have) got the teachers praise. Correct the mistakes1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two.2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. 5. Im using t

17、he pen which he bought it yesterday.6. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.7. July 1, 1999 is the day when well never forget.8. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.9 Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.10 Taiwan, that we know,

18、 belongs to China.11. The bike by which I travelled was his.12. This is the place where we visited many times during the past ten years.13. They have decided to stay at home, that is, I think, a wise choice.14 The day will come which the people all over the world will enjoy true freedom.15. He is a

19、man of great experience, from who we can learn much.16It was a meeting which importance I didnt realize at that time.高考链接1. George Orwell _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name2 Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C.