初中英语定语从句讲解、练习与答案

1、.定 从句（一）、定 ：在复合句中，修 某一名词或 代词的从句叫做定 从句。定 定 用来限定、修 名 或代 的，是 名 或代 起修 、限定作用的 、短 （ 不定式短 、 名 短 和分 短 ）或句子， 中常用的表示。主要由形容 担任，此外，名 ，代 ，数 ，分 ，副 ，不定式以及介 短 也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。 作定 通常放在它所修 的 之前，作前置定 。短 和从句作定 放在所修 的 之后，作后置定 。定 从句是指在一个句子中作定 的句子，定 从句要放在所修 的 后。如： 1) The man who lives next to usis a policeman.2) You mu

2、st do everythingthat I do .上面两句中的man 和 everything 是定 从句所修 的 ，叫先行 ，定 从句放在先行 的后面。引 定 从句的 有关系代 that, which, who( 格 who, 所有格 whose)和关系副 where, when、 why关系 常有三个作用： 1、引 定 从句2、代替先行 3、在定 从句中担当一个成分（二）、关系代 引 的定 从句1.who 指人，在从句中做主 (1)The boys who are playing footballare from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an o

3、ld man who lost his way .2. whom 指人，在定 从句中充当 ，常可省略。(1)Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about .注意：关系代 whom 在口 和非正式 体中常用who 代替，可省略。(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指物，在定 从句中做主 或者 ，做 可省略（ 1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which在句子中做主 )(2) This is the

4、pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which在句子中做 )4. that 指人 ，相当于 who 或者 whom ；指物 ，相当于 which 。在 从句中做主 或者 ，做 可省略。(5)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主 )(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning ? (在句子中做 )5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定 从句中做定 (1)He has a friend whose father is

5、a doctor .(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in .whose 指物 ，常用以下 构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is brokenwill soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is brokenwill soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the bookwhose color is yellow ?=Do you like the bookthe color of which is yellow?注： t

6、hat用法.(1) 不用 that 的情况(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错 )The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用。We depend on the landfrom which we get our food.We depend on the landthat/which we get our food from.(2) 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在 there be 句型中，只用that ，不用 which 。(b)在不定代词，如： anything,

7、nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that ，不用 which 。(c)先行词有 the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用 that 。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that, 不能用 which 。 .(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时(g) 为了避免重复(h) 先行词是the way 或 the reason 时， that 可作关系副词，也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词who /which时举例：Is this the bookthat you borrow

8、ed in the library?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Who that break the windowshould be punished 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚Allthat is neededis a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everythingthat he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、练习练习一（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here

9、 a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90

10、miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us.8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.（二）用适当的关系代填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _

11、 is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring _ is very uncom

12、mon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.课后练习一、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子1. The boys_ are playing football are from Class One.2. Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.3. Mr Liu is the person _ you talked about on the bus.4. The professor _ you

13、are waiting for has come.5. Football is a game _is liked by most boys.6. He likes to read books _ are written by foreign writers.7. This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.8. Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked.9. Where is the man _ I saw this morning?练习二一、单项填空1. -Who is the man _

14、 was talking to our English teacher?- Oh! It s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. heB. thatC. whomD. which2.I hate the people _ don t help others when they are in trouble.A. whoB. whichC. theyD. where3.The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. whichB. whenC. whoD. whom4.George Mallory was an English s