亨利八世PPT(1).ppt

1、Henry ,A brief introduction of Henry VIII,Henry VIII (28 June 1491 28 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) and claimant to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor（都铎王朝）, succeeding

2、his father, Henry VII.,Henry VIIIs marriage,Catherine of Aragon,Henrys oldest brother Arthur died suddenly. Henrys Father, renewed his efforts to seal an alliance between England and Spain, by offering Henry, in marriage to Prince Arthurs widow, Catherine of Aragon All of Catherines children died ex

3、cept Princess Mary. Henry became impatient, for he need a male heir. Last Henry divorced with her.,Second Marriage - Anne Boleyn,The queen gave birth to a girl who was named Elizabeth who would go on to become one of the most famous leaders in English history. Anne then gave birth to two another chi

4、ldren,but they both died.Since Henry still wanted a male heir.He slandered that Anne commit adultery(通奸)with someone，and killed her。,The Third Wife - Jane Seymour,She was one of Queen Annes ladies-in-waiting (侍女) They were married 10 days later after Annes death. Jane gave birth to a son, Prince Edw

5、ard .King Henry got the son he wanted. But the birth was difficult and the queen died at the same year from an puerperal fever（产褥热）.,The 4th Wife Anne of Cleves,Henry desired to marry once again to ensure the succession. A portrait of Anne was sent to the king. Its beautiful.However after Anne arriv

6、ed in England, Henry is said to have found her utterly unattractive. Henry wished to annul the marriage in order to marry another. The marriage was subsequently annulled and Anne received the title of The Kings Sister,The 5th Catherine Howard,Henry married the beautiful young Catherine Howard(Anne B

7、oleyns cousin). He was absolutely delighted with his new queen. Soon after her marriage, however,two men were accused of having sexual relationships with the queen. Finally,Catherine was executed on 13 February 1542. At that time ,she was only 22.,The 6th Wife - Catherine Parr,Henry married his last

8、 wife, Catherine Parr. She helped reconcile Henry with his first two daughters, the Princess Mary and the Lady Elizabeth. She was a reformer, but Henry remained a conservative（保守主义）. This behavior nearly proved her undoing, but she saved herself by a show of submissiveness （服从).,Religion Reformation

9、 Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the religion reformation. He wanted to divorce with the first wife,but the Roman Catholic Church disagreeded.So he separated Church of England(英国国教)from Roman Catholic Church（罗马天主教会）and established himself as the Supreme Head of the Chu

10、rch of England. He changed religious ceremonies and rituals and suppressed the monasteries, while remaining a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church.,Contents,1、In 1534, promulgated the Act of Supremacy and severed the relations

11、 between the church of England and the Vatican in the administrative and economic . In 1534，颁布至尊法案断绝英国教会在行政和经济上与罗马教廷的关系。 2、Recognized the king as supreme head of the church in England,and the king had the right to appointed episcopate,held in the,Contents,church and review the Canon. 规定国为英国最高首脑，拥有任命

12、教职，召开教会，审查教规的权利。 3、To preserve the Catholic church hierarchy, the doctrine and ritual 保留天主教的教阶制度，教义和仪式。 4、Henry closed the monasteryies and confiscated their property ,doulbing the nations revenues。,Influence,Get rid of the Roman magisteriums control,consolidate the increasingly powerful monarchy. M

13、ake the Christianity as the church of England,the church became the tool of the feudal autocratic rule. The Catholic Church was deprived of most of the property fell into the hands of the emerging bourgeoisie, is conducive to the development of capitalism.,More conservative, in the aspect of religio

14、n and theology without a substantial change, is not conducive to the further development of capitalism,later the Puritan movement appeared.,The Children of Henry VIII,Actually,all of Henrys children didnt have descendants(后代).After Elizabeth died,the House of Tudor ended.,爱德华三世1327-1377,黑太子爱德华,理查德,爱

15、德华四世 1461-1483,爱德蒙都铎,亨利六世 1422-1461,亨利五世 1413-1422,亨利四世 1399-1413,菲力帕（女）,莱昂纳尔 （克拉伦斯公爵）,罗杰,安妮（女）,冈特的约翰 （兰开斯特公爵）,爱德蒙特 （约克公爵）,理查德,理查德二世 1377-1399,理查德三世 1483-1485,亨利七世 1485-1509,玛丽一世 1553-1558,亨利八世 1509-1547,爱德华六世 1547-1553,爱德华五世 1483,伊丽莎白,伊丽莎白一世 1558-1603,Government,During his reign England was stable

16、and prosperous. Parliament did have the power to make laws，including tax laws，although the laws had to have royal approval.,Military,Henry created the Royal Navy，which became the basis of future British sea power. Henry was responsible for the creation of a permanent navy, with the supporting anchor

17、ages and dockyards. The Navy move away from bow and arrow to employ gunnery instead. Henrys break with Rome Curia incurred the threat of a large-scale French or Spanish invasion. In 1538, he began to build a chain of expensive, state-of-the-art defences.,Evaluation,During the reign of HenryVIII，the

18、British social economic status, political system, culture, thought, religion have great changes.,Character appraisal 人物评价,The greatest impact on future generations of Henry was the British Protestant reformation. Although his original intention was to solve the problem of the Dynasty（王朝） and its successor，and he had never given up the essence（本质） of the Catholic（天主教）faith，his reform was the most radical（激进的）and decisive one ever since.,Henry VIII was a brilliant man of wide learning，he