语法7 状语从句

1、专题五 状语从句I、重点难点解析 状语从句是由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，不同的状语从句所使用的连接词也各不相同。见下表：状语从句名称连接词时间状语从句when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarc

2、ely) when, every time等地点状语从句where 和wherever条件状语从句if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )原因状语从句because, since, as, now that（既然）结果状语从句so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so that, such that目的状语从句so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）让步状语从句although, though, a

3、s, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等比较状语从句than, so (as) as, the more the more方式状语从句as, as if (though), the way, rather than等一、时间状语从句w。1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别：(1) while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替。E.g. Please keep quiet

4、while (when) others are studying；(2) when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于 “at the time”，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。E.g. When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能换成while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可换成while）(3) as常可与w

5、hen，while通用，但强调“一边、一边”。E.g. As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. (4) when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如” E.g. Ill come when (if) Im free.2、till, until引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not until (till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到才”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到为止”。E.g. They p

6、layed volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didnt talk（延续性动词）until (till) the interpreter（译员）came./ He didnt go to bed（非延续性动词）until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，E.g. Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒装

7、）；till, until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。二、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。E.g. Sit wherever you like.Make a mark where you have a question.三、条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on cond

8、ition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。 E.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months.You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go to

9、o far away from the river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.四、原因状语从句because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：1.如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。E.g. He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；2.如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 sin

10、ce。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。E.g. As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now lets begin. 五、结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so that, such that等引导。 E.g. She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.He was so excited that he could no

11、t say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.六、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。E.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.He left early in case he shoul

12、d miss the train. 七、让步状语从句让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。E.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Child as he is, he knows a lot. Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.八、比

13、较状语从句比较状语从句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引导。E.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.The busier he is, the happier he feels.九、方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。E.g. You must do the exercise as I show you.He

14、acted as if nothing had happened.十、使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 E.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。E.g. When (he was) still a

15、boy of ten, he had to work day and night.If (you are) asked you may come in.If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。E.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）I dont know where he

16、 came from.（宾语从句）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）4、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。（1）as引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”。例如：As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. 高.考.资.源.网（2）as引导方式状语从句，意为“象一样”。例如：We must do as the Party teaches

17、us.（3）as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.（4）as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.)另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have the same book as you.2013年状语从句1.【2013北京】30. I took my driving license with me on holiday,_ I wante

18、d to hire a car.A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only2.【2013福建】32. Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test3.【13湖南】You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _you rea

19、ch any decision. A. although B. Before C. Because D. unless4.【2013江苏】28. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever5.【2013江西】28.She says that shell have to close the shop _

20、 business improves.A. if B. unless C. after D. when6.【2013江西】34.If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked7.【2013辽宁】24. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life.A. how B. what C. when D

21、. where8.【2013山东】Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless B. until C. although D. since 9.【2013山东】28. _I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However 10.【2013陕西】18. I have heard a lot of good t

22、hings about you _ I came back from abroad.A. since B. until C. before D. when11.【2013四川】7.He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to.A. even if B. as if C. because D. before12.【2013天津】5. _ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.A. As B. If C. Alth

23、ough D. Once13.【2013浙江】19. There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated14.【2013重庆】25. _ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.A. Once B As long as C. Unless D. Since15.【2

24、013安徽】23.Its much easier to make friends_ you have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that16.【北京】Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs_ you could have problemsA. or B. and C. but D. so17.【2013四川】4. Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be

25、bought with money.A. or B. and C. but D. so18.【2013新课标II卷】3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, _I didnt want to spend all day with her.A. but B. and C. so D. or19.【2013新课标I卷】32.Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _another man, also intelligent, fails.A. since B: if C. as

26、D. while20.【13重庆】Its not easy to change habits, _ with awareness and self-control, it is possible.A. for B. or C. but D. so2012 状语从句1.（全国高考I，25）I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless2.（重庆高考，30）Coach, can I continue with the trai

27、ning?Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury. A. until B. before C. as D. unless3.（湖南高考，28）_ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. If D. Until4.（湖南）_ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount

28、you eat. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever5.（福建高考，30）It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union. A. if B. unless C. because D. since6.（北京高考，21）Look at those clouds! Dont worry. _ it rains, well still

29、 have a great time. A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only7.（江西高考，31）You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast. A. unless B. even if C. in case D. as long as8.（陕西）Hot _the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. whil

30、e D. however9.（陕西高考，25）All the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unless B. until C. once D. if10.（四川高考，4）At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. A. while B. although C. so D. as11.（四川）If you happen to get

31、lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help. A. why B. where C. who D. what12.（天津）Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. A. while B. when C. where D. though13.（辽宁高考，30）Leave your key with your neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. A. as long

32、as B. even though C. in case D. as if14.（山东高考，27）He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though15.山东）A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A. when B. where C. before D. until16.（江苏高考，30）Ones life has value _ on

33、e brings value to the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that17.（上海高考，32）I have a tight budget for the trip, so Im not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices.A. once B. if C. after D. unless2011年真题1.（2011全国卷II）19. It was a nice meal, _a little expensive. A.

34、though B. whether C. as D. since2.（2011北京卷）29. _ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. A. SinceB. OnceC. UnlessD. While3. (2011上海卷) 36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait it comes out on DVD. A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until4.(20

35、11上海卷) The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life. A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if5.（2011江西卷）29. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or it is convenient to you. A. wheneverB. howeverC. whicheverD. wherever6.（2011浙江卷）4. One F

36、riday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.A. afterB. whileC. since D. when7.（2011福建卷）33.It was April 29, 2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A.that B.when C.since D.before8.（2011四川卷）4. Frank insisted th

37、at he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. although C. for D. so9.（2011四川）. As it reported, it is 100 years _Qinghua University was founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since10.（2011辽宁卷）25. No matter how _ , it is not necessarily lifeless. A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be11.（