2017高考英语——介词复习(1)

1、高频考点一介词词义辨析 at,against,besides,by,beyond,for,in,on,over,with等都是常考的介词。高考不但要考查它们的基本意义,还会考查它们的引申义和在具体语境中的灵活运用。要求考生在日常学习中在掌握它们基本意义的基础上,通过大量实际例句去体会、熟悉它们的引申义并灵活运用。 典例1(2014江西,33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple lifehis great wealth.,答案despite 解析句意:令人难以置信的是,尽管很富有,Lucas先生却过着简朴的生活。 despite尽管。,

2、高频考点二介词短语的固定搭配 介词能与一些不同的词语搭配,形成介词短语:(1)介词+名词:on the contrary,in turn,in ones opinion,on time,out of reach等;(2)动词+介词:result in,result from,lead to,remind sb.of,call at,make fun of等;(3)形容词+介词:be curious about,be proud of,be popular with,be good at等;(4)其他介词短语:in addition to,apart from,because of,due to

3、,thanks to,instead of,for fear of,in case of,according to,in return for,in exchange for,as a result of,in charge of等。 典例2(2015浙江,17)These comments came in response specific ques-tions often asked by local newsmen. 答案to,解析句意:对于当地新闻记者常常问起的特定问题,这些评论正好作出了 回复。in response to作为对的回应。,高频考点三后面能跟宾语的动词词组 该类动词词组

4、往往相当于一个及物动词。该类词组常考的有:add up to,add to,break in/into,bring up,call off,carry out,find out,give away,point out,put off,put out,put up,pick up,take off,take in,take on,turn up,work out,get away from,get down to,live up to,look forward to,run out of,put up with,come up with,hold on to,make room for,take

5、 advantage of,take notice of,take care of等。 典例3(2015天津,10)Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. 答案down 解析句意:因为太忙了,上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了参加聚会的邀请。turn down(=refuse)拒绝。,高频考点四后面不能跟宾语的动词词组 该类动词词组往往相当于一个不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语。常见的有“动词+副词”搭配构成的动词词组,这类副词有:away,along,back,down,in,off,o

6、n,out,up等;“动词+名词”构成的动词词组:make sense,lose courage,lose heart,take action,take measures,take place,take charge等。 典例4(2014安徽,29)When the sports hero turnedat our party,he was welcomed with open arms. 答案up 解析句意:当这位体育健将出现在我们的聚会上时,他受到了大家的热烈 欢迎。turn up到场,出现。,知识清单一介词 一、方位介词 1.图解方位介词,如: Be careful. There is

7、a heavy box over your head. 小心,你头上方有个很重的箱子。 The sun is above mountain in the east. 太阳就在东方,那座山的上方。 There are some stamps on the desk. 桌子上有一些邮票。 The position he pointed to was below sea level. 他所指的那个位置低于海平面。 The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it. 那只小老鼠在桌子底下,因此很不容易找到它。,The bu

8、rglar got in through the window. 盗贼是从窗户进来的。 The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Square. 这群人经过市政厅走到了中心广场。 Its quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen. 我难以想象为什么能允许这样的事情发生。 2.at,in,on 三个词均可和表示地点的词连用,表示“在处”。at用于指较小的地方,如在门牌号码前;in用于指较大的地方;on一般指与面或线接触的地方。如: Well

9、meet each other at the park.我们将在公园见面。 Mr.White lived in Hong Kong for 20 years.,怀特先生在香港生活了20年。 There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 3.in,on,to在方位名词前的区别 三个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内;to表示在某范围之外;on表示“毗邻,接壤”。如: Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China.(在某范围之内) 山东省在/位于中国东部。 Jiangsu Province is/lies

10、to the southeast of Hebei Province.(在某范围之外) 江苏省在/位于河北省东南边。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.(接壤) 蒙古在/位于中国北边。,4.among,between 二词均表示“在中间”或“在之间”。among指在三者或三者以上之间,而between表示在两者之间。有时between之后也可能出现三个或三个以上的宾语,但这时所强调的仍然是其中每两者之间的相互关系。如: Well visit the town among the mountains. 我们将游览那个群山环绕的小镇。 This secr

11、et is only between you and me. 这个秘密只限于你我知道。 Near the cemetery between the trees,there is something that shines.在墓地附近,树中间,有闪闪发亮的东西。,二词均表示来源或出处。from注重起点,意为“从”;out of侧重于从里向外,意为“从里出来”。如: The shouting of the soldiers drilling could be heard from the playground. 人们可以听到从操场上传来的士兵们操练的声音。 She took the passpor

12、t out of her handbag and showed it to the policeman. 她从手提包里拿出了护照让那名警察看了看。 We are moving out of our flat. 我们要搬出我们的这所公寓。 The train from London arrives here at nine oclock. 从伦敦开来的列车9点到这里。,5.from,out of,二词均可表示“在上”,描写两个物体的接触情况。on侧重于表面接触,而in侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些习惯表达中常用in或on。若打击某人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时,用in。而打击头、额、鼻、耳、颈、

13、肩、腿等部位时,用on。表示植物本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等,用on the tree,但表示植物本身以外的人或动物“在树上”,用in the tree,意指被枝叶遮掩其中。如: We found a square hole in the wall. 我们发现墙上有个方洞。 The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him. 老师轻轻拍着那名男孩子的头安慰他。 There are lots of apples on the tree.树上有很多苹果。,6.in,on,二、时间介词 1.at,in,on (1)at的用法 表示时间

14、点、时刻等,如:at 12:00,at noon,at night,at midnight,at dawn,at day-break 表示较短暂的一段时间,可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子,如:at Christmas (2)in的用法 表示在某段较长的时间内(如:世纪、朝代、年代、月及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等),如:in the 1980s,in the Qing Dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon/evening,说明:当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,some,every等词限定时,通常不用任何介词。 表示在

15、一段时间之后,如: Ill be back in an hour. 我一小时后回来。 (3)on的用法 用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间,如:某日、某节日、星期几等,如:on October the first,on a rainy day,on National Day 用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上,如:on the eve of victory(胜利前夕),on the morning of January the third,on the afternoon of his arrival 准时,按时:on time,2.in,after in表时间,常表示“在时间之内”,有时in还有

16、“在时间之后”的意思,但表示此意时,必须具备两个条件:所修饰的动词必须表将来;后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可,否则用after或later。 after表时间,意为“在之后”。通常“after+时间段”与过去时连用;“af-ter+时间点”与将来时连用。如: My father will be back in three days. 我父亲将在3天以后回来。 My father will be back after 3 oclock. 我父亲将在3点后回来。 My father came back after 3 days/3 days later.,我父亲3天后回来的。 3.for,

17、from,since for后接表时间段的名词词组,表示行为或状态持续了多久;from后接表时间点的名词词组,表示行为或状态的起始点,而不涉及其持续时间的长短;since后接表时间点的名词词组,不仅表示行为或状态的起始点,而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到此时此刻,因而常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。如: Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement. 布朗先生喜欢乡村生活,自从退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年了。 My younger sis

18、ter began to learn dance from the age of five.,我妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。 Tom has been doing his homework since 7 oclock. 汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。 三、工具、手段、方式介词 1.by,in,on 三个词都表示旅行的方式。 (1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不带冠词。如:by sea,by water,by land,by air等。 (2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by,但名词须用单数,其前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如:by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/

19、boat,by train,by spaceship等。,(3)当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如:travel to New York in this plane,leave on an ear-ly train,go to school on my bike等。 说明:步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如:on foot,on horseback/on a horse,on the camel。 2.with,by,in 三个词均意为“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式。 (1)with用于有形的工具或某些身体器官之前,其后的名词多被冠

20、词、物主代词等修饰。如: They are digging with a pick/spade. 他们正在用一把镐/铲挖。,We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听,并用腿走。 (2)by,in,on,over,through等多用于无形的工具、方式或手段之前。如:by hand,in ink,on the telephone,over the radio,through the telescope等。 说明:使用语言、原料、材料时用in表示,如:in English/Japanese

21、;in blue ink 表达“用方法/方式”时,所用介词分别为: in this/that/the same wayby means of by this/that meanswith this/that method 四、表原因的介词短语because of,due to,thanks to,知识清单二中学阶段的重点动词及动词词组归纳 1.add (1)If you add 5 to 5,you get 10.把加到上面 Five added to five is/makes 10. (2)The balloons added to the festival atmosphere.增加 (

22、3)His whole school education added up to no more than one year.加起来总共 (4)Add up the numbers,and you will get 1155.把加起来 2.agree (1)agree on就达成共识 (2)agree to do sth.同意做某事 (3)agree to the plan/decision/arrangement同意,(4)I dont agree with you/what you said/your advice.同意 The climate here doesnt agree with

23、 me.食物、天气等适合某人 Your story agrees with what I have already heard.和一致 3.break (1)I am sorry that I broke my promise.违背,违反 break ones word(=promise)/break the law/break the rule (2)His health broke.(身体或精神)垮了 (3)He broke away from all his old friends.断绝来往,脱离 I should break away from such habits.改掉(习惯) (

24、4)All our plans broke down.(计划、谈判等)失败 The peace talks have broken down.,Her health broke down under the pressure of work.(=became very bad)被搞垮,垮掉 Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.分解 The telephone system has broken down.(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉 (5)The thieves planned to break int

25、o a bank.闯入,破门进入 (6)The Second World War broke out in September 1939.爆发 (7)After midnight,the party broke up.散(会) (8)I broke up the candy and gave each child a small piece.分开 The crowd broke up.分开,分散 (9)broken English蹩脚英语 (10)Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the lines of the poli

26、ce.突破,4.bring (1)He brought about a quarrel between his parents.引起,造成 She made every effort to bring about a peaceful solution to the problem.实现 (2)Electricity lines were brought down by falling trees or branches.使倒下 bring down prices降低价格 (3)The sale brought in over $200.赚得 (4)Dirt often brings on d

27、isease.引起 The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely.使成长更快,使提高 (5)Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase?讲解清楚 (6)Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma.抚养 He was so ill that he brought up everything.呕吐,(7)This brought me into touch with various kinds of worker

28、s.(和各种名词连用)使进入某种状态 (8)Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting.提出 They have brought the meeting forward to next Monday.提前,提早 5.call (1)The trouble calls for quick action by the government.要求 I will call for you at five oclock.去接某人 We called for the packages at the post office.来取某物 (2)I fo

29、rmed the habit of calling in on him/calling in at his office in the afternoon.顺便拜访 (3)Your father is ill.You should call in a doctor at once.找来,请来,The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths.召集 (4)People dont like being called names. 骂人 (5)Theyve called o

30、ff the game because of the thick fog.取消 (6)He called upon me to speak immediately after him.请/叫(某人做某事) (7)I called on the people of this country to work hard for national unity.号召 (8)A notice displayed in the shop window called attention to the recent increase in prices.引起的注意 (9)call sb.up;give sb.a

31、 call;make a call(a long-distance call)打电话 (10)call sth.up使想起,使回忆起,(1)He had learned enough German to carry on a conversation.进行 One person should carry on where the other had left off.进行下去 (2)I was chosen to carry out our experiment.进行 He did not carry out his promise to us.履行 (3)The work is tough,

32、but she is the person to carry it through(=to complete sth.successfully).顺利完成,顺利实现 e (1)How come that you didnt get here in time?(用于引申意义)发生某情况 (2)He came to realize that he was mistaken.表示动作逐渐变化的过程 (3)My dream has come true.变成现实 (4)He talked about his coming trip to the United States.即将到来的,6.carry,(

33、5)How did the accident come about?发生 (6)I came across(came upon/ran across) this book in an old bookstore on Fourth Avenue.(无意中)碰到,发现 He came suddenly across an idea.(无意中)想到 (7)He just asked me to come (a)round for supper.到这儿来 (8)Come along/on!Arthur,we cant wait all day!快点 Come along!Someone must k

34、now the answer to my question.快说 (9)This paper comes out every Friday.出版 I think the roses will come out next week.开花,发芽 I came out first in the examination.考试结果,考第名 (10)The bill comes to $5.总计,When it comes to mathematics,I know nothing about it.谈到,涉及 (11)The robbery did not come to light until the

35、 next day.被发现,被大家知道 (12)The question hasnt come up yet.被提出 He came up with an idea.提出 (13)come to oneself苏醒过来;come to an end结束;come into effect(force)生效;come to a conclusion(decision)得出结论(作出决定);come into being(existence)开始存在,建立,产生;come into power开始执政 8.care (1)I dont care what they say.I shall go on

36、 just the same.在乎,在意 (2)If you care to hear it,I will tell it to you.愿意,(3)Albert Einstein cared little for money.He was seen using a cheque for $l,500 as a bookmark.喜欢 Would you care for a cup of coffee?(=Would you like.?)(礼貌用语)你喜欢/要吗? The mother cared for the sick child day and night.照顾,照料 (4)He c

37、ared about money.喜欢 The professor said that he was interested only in research;he didnt care about his students.关心 (5)In this way,we could give them timely medical care.医疗护理 9.catch (1)catch fire(=to start burning)着火,(2)catch ones breath缓口气,歇口气 (3)That car caught his eye/attention.引起注意 (4)The police

38、 caught him stealing a car.(=to discover suddenly and by surprise es-pecially when someone is doing something bad)撞见,突然发现 (5)That style has never caught on in China.(=become popular)流行 (6)He was caught in the rain.(=be stuck in)被困扰 Her skirt got caught in the door.(=be hooked in)被钩住 (7)I suddenly ca

39、ught sight of him in the crowd.看见 10.clear (1)She made it clear that she would support Australia.清楚,明白,明确 (2)After the storm the sky cleared.晴朗起来,(3)The waitress will clear away these dishes in a moment.收走 How can we clear away these doubts?消除 (4)The weather has cleared up;we can go out.晴朗起来 Youll h

40、ave to clear up the things on the table before we have tea.整理,收拾 pare (1)Car production rose by 25%,compared to/with the first 3 months of this year.和相比 Compared to/with many women,she was indeed very fortunate. (2)Compare this with that,and you will see which is better.把和相比 (3)Shakespeare compared

41、the world to a stage.把比作,(1)They covered 12 miles yesterday.走完(一段路程) How many pages have you covered?看完(多少页书) The city covered ten square miles.有(多大面积) The professors talk covered the subject.谈到,涉及 The best reporters were sent to cover the 27th Olympic Games.报道 (2)The mountain was covered with snow

42、all the year round.覆盖着 13.cut (1)cut off切断,切下来;cut out戒掉,不吃;cut in插嘴;cut up切碎;a short cut捷径 (2)They want to cut down a large forest in this area.砍掉 George is trying to cut his weight down.削减,减少,12.cover,(3)The army was called in to cut through the fallen trees on the road.开辟(出路或通道) 14.deal Id rather

43、 deal with a man than a woman.Women are sharp.和打交道 Im used to dealing with matters of this sort.处理 This book deals with questions on politics.论述,谈论 What shop do you deal with?和做买卖 15.die (1)As a result,many Westerners die at an early age of heart disease. die of死于(指疾病、情感、饥寒、年老等原因) die of illness/a f

44、ever/hunger/sadness,die from死于(除疾病或情感以外的原因) die from an accident/the polluted air/a bad habit (2)Ronnys steps had died away/down,and there was a moment of silence.(指风、声、光)消逝 The wind has died away/down again.平息 (3)This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.灭绝,不复存在 (4)Im

45、dying for something to eat.(=have a strong desire for sth.)极想,渴望 16.do (1)I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English. No,youre doing fine.(工作、学习、生活、生长等)情况(好),Im happy in my work in the garden.Im doing well. Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday?行,够,合适,可以,凑合 Please

46、 do up these books and post them for Mr.Smith.包,扎,系,捆 (2)Lets do up this room first.整理,收拾 Mary has done herself up for the party.梳妆打扮 (3)They tried to do away with slavery.废除 (4)do ones hair做头发;do the room打扫房间;do wrong to sb.使某人受委屈;do business做生意,做买卖;do right做得好;do wrong做错事,做坏事 (5)have something/not

47、hing/anything/a lot to do with 与有些/没有/有什么/有很大关系,(1)Even if none of these is true for us today,it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability.以告终 We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee.以而结束 (2)If you drive your car like that,youll end up in hospital.最后(有某种结局),最后(成了) The politician

48、 finally ended up his speech.结束 (3)The match ended in a win for us.以告终,结果 (4)It rained for three days on end.(=continuously)连续地 (5)We must put an end to this foolish behavior.结束,制止 (6)The meeting came to an end at last.结束,17.end,(1)We cant afford to fall behind our competitors in using the new techn

49、ology.落后 (2)She has fallen in love with him/the dress.爱上,喜欢上 (3)Where does the plan fall down?(=fail or to be ineffective)失败,不起作用 (4)This topic falls naturally into three sections.(=be divided into)被分成 (5)I am quite happy to fall in with you/your suggestions.(=agree with or to)赞同 19.fix (1)fix(on)a

50、time for sth.约定时间干某事 Lets fix a time for discussion. Theyve fixed the time and date for the party. (2)fix ones eyes on/upon注视,18.fall,He fixed his eyes on the clock. (3)fix ones attention on注意 (4)fix做(饭),沏(茶),修理,整理 fix supper/fix tea/fix the broken machine 20.follow You should follow the rules of th

51、e lab when youre doing experiments.遵循,听从,依照行事 The child follows her mother about all day long.跟随 Follow this road until you get to the church.沿着(走) May follows April.接着发生,跟着到来 Do you follow what Im saying?听懂,理解,21.get (1)The operator finally got me through.给接通电话 He has got through $1,000 in less tha

52、n a year.用完 John has got through the examination.通过 Ill be with you as soon as I get through this work.做完 (2)The story has got roundeverybody knows about it.消息传开 (3)My work is getting along better now.进展,进行 (4)She didnt get away until nine last night.走开,离开 (5)Now he was dead,and I could not get away

53、 from my sadness.摆脱 (6)He got down and began to pray.跪下,弯腰 (7)Dont you think its time we got down to business?开始认真做某事,(8)At what time do you get off(from) work?下(班) (9)He used to be afraid of heights but he has got over that now.克服,摆脱(某种情绪) 22.give (1)He gave away most of his fortune to the poor.送给,

54、分发 They suspected(怀疑)that the secret had been given away by one of their friends.泄露(机密) (2)I hope the holiday will give him back his good spirits.恢复健康(精神) (3)He has given in to my views.向让步,投降 (4)The gas gave off an unpleasant smell.散发出 (5)He gave his life to the study of art.把生命献给,(6)Please give my

55、 regards/greetings/love/wishes/thanks to Miss Smith.代向问好(表示喜欢、祝愿、谢意) (7)The teacher gave out the examination papers.分发 It was given out that the Prime Minister had died suddenly.宣布 The cowboy gave out a yell.发出(声音) After two days our food gave out,and we had to return to the camp.用完 The swimmer gave

56、 out after ten laps.(人)体力不支 (8)Billy kept asking his mother if he could go to the movies and she finally gave way.妥协,屈从 (9)Ive given up smoking.放弃,中止,(1)But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year,you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.违背 (2)How is

57、 everything going? Things are going very well.进行,进展 The engine went beautifully.运转 How does the old saying go?说 The black hair was going grey.变得 That is to say,the doctors been gone for two hours and thirteen minutes.不在,走了 (3)Go ahead;were all listening.开始(做某事) Work is going ahead.进行,进展,23.go,May I

58、start? Yes,go ahead.表“同意” (4)News of the plane crash went around like wildlife.传开 (5)Time went by quickly.过去,经过 (6)Shares have gone down again by ten points.(价格等)下跌,(温度等)下降 (7)She had no time to go deeply into the matter just then.调查,了解,研究 (8)What is going on out there?发生,(活动)进行 (9)Why not buy some

59、English tapes and some books to go with them?相配,和交朋友 (10)When smokers who are used to nicotine go without it for an hour or two,they begin to feel bad.不吃,不用,(11)Let me have a go at fixing it.试一试 (12)My family goes back to 300 years ago,while his family goes back to the 15th century.追溯到 He always likes to go back to his younger days.回顾 (13)Go over your work before you hand it in.仔细检查,反复研究,仔细琢磨 (14)He doesnt go in for team games.对某事有兴趣,爱好 24.hand (1)When he writes,he always keeps a dictionary at hand.在手边,在跟前 The examinations are at hand.就要到来了,不远了 (2)My shoes were made by hand.手工的 (3)Cou