英语阅读猜测词义.ppt

1、2007-2009年广东高考阅读理解 试题分类情况,猜测词义题目类型,1.对考纲外生词的猜测,The underlined word cultivated ( paragraph 1 ) roughly means _. (05广东卷),2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,The underlined word “hit” (paragraph 1 ) roughly means (06广东卷),4.对句义的猜测,When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand-new to me. He was something out of

2、an ancient legend (06广东卷),3.对代词的猜测,The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to_. (04广东卷),词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means/ could best be replaced by _. 2. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 3. The underlined sentence “” means _. .,If you come across new words

3、, expressions and sentences when reading,What will you do ?,语境法 Context clues,构词法 Word formation,猜测词义,合成 Compounding,转化 Conversion,派生 Derivation,构词法 Word formation,prefix,suffix,表否定 un-, non-, in-, dis- 表相反 un-, de-, dis-, counter- 错误失当 mis-, mal-, pseudo- 表向背 pro-, anti- 表程度 arch-, super-, ultra- ,

4、 over-, under-, mini-, semi- , 表时间 pre, fore-, post- 表方位 sub-, inter-, trans-,prefix,decontrol transplant counterattack pseudonym,解除控制,移植,反击,假名，笔名,suffix,-able （能的） -less （无，不） wards （ 向） -ship （身份；资格；权力；性质） -some （ 易于的） hood （状态；性质；时期） -ish （如的；有点儿的） -proof (防的；不能穿透的） -scape （景） -most (最的）,waterpro

5、of streetscape innermost speechless,防水的,街景,最内心的,无语的,He is said to be “undersized with “short legs and a “round stomach”. （08广东卷） Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. （08广东卷） They caught the emotional landscape from heartbreak to joy, but share the undeniable longing for reco

6、very and hope. (2010深一模),派生 Derivation,小尺寸的;较矮小的;,超自然的,风景,不可否认的,He was something out of an ancient legend, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent from who-knows-where （06广东卷）,合成 Compounding,谁都不知是什么地方,Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that

7、 encourages everyone to have a say. （08广东卷） She rested herself against a post close to the tracks（09广东卷）,转化 Conversion,n.v. 发言，发表意见,v.n. 倚靠,二 利用对比和反义词,一 利用释义词(句）,四 利用上下文,三 利用因果关系,语境法 Context clues,or e.g. for example such as for instance this is That is to say in other words,mean refer to namely be

8、called be identified as to put it differently 定语从句 括号,引号,破折号,一、利用释义词（句）,Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.,哑剧,New houses, large schools, modern factories, more horses and sheep - everywhere we saw signs of prosperity.,繁荣,on the other hand on the contrary despite in spite

9、of Instead rather than though,but yet however while unlike in contrast 分号,二、利用对比和反义词,Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl，but her sister was quite sedate A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic,but,Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly change.,while,静止的,Jack

10、is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.,in contrast,傲慢的,A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun. a party designed by specialists a plan requiring careful thought a situation causing difficulty or trouble

11、a demand made by guests,;,because as since for thus,so so that hence therefore As a result,三、利用因果关系,When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. （08广东卷） 65. The underlined

12、part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours _. A. attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customers C. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interest,because,四、利用上下文,熟词新义,生活常识,找信息词,指代关系,1. When men and women lived by hunting 50

13、,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?,2. The mayor made an address to the citizens at the meeting yesterday.,imagine,speech,（05 福建卷） Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in

14、 the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year, equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. 64.The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph means_. A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving out,(06广东) When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a

15、 very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的) mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area? The underline

16、d phrase “turn his back on” most probably mean _. A. leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on,(08广东） Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music toge

17、ther and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. “I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste

18、.” Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.,The underlined word “gulf” in Para. 3 most probably means_. A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation,Children

19、 simulate to view solar eclipse with goggles as a preparation for the coming one on July 22, in north Chinas Tianjin, July 19, 2009. A total solar eclipse will be seen on July 22 in the area along the Yangtze River in central China, while a partial solar eclipse could be seen in Beijing, capital of

20、China, and Tianjin.,日全食,日偏食,日食,(2009年全国卷I) If your child is unwilling to discuss something, dont insist he tell you whats on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that hell clam up. 69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. become excited B. show respect C. refuse

21、to talk D. seek help,As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p. m. I used to use it, but now Im afraid. (04广东卷) 58. The underlined part “it” refers to_. A. a taxi B. the money C. a bomb D. public transport,this ,that, it, them, one等代词

22、指代内容一般是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键.,Now, lets come to more practice!,释义词 反义词和信息词 因果关系 因果关系 熟词新义 信息词 信息词 生活常识 指代关系,Passage 1 Passage 2 Passage 3 Passage 4 Passage 5 Passage 6 Passage 7 Passage 8 Passage 9,(2009年福建卷) For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Ma

23、n Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below t

24、hat point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said. 73. The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points,such as,( 05广东卷) “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must

25、 be carefully cultivated.” Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow? The underlined word roughly means _. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D

26、. developed,( 2005年广东卷）Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the youngest one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one

27、because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. The underlined expression “make a big “to do” over means _. A. show much concern about B. have a special effect on C. list jobs to be done for D. do good things for,because,( 2008年四川卷）Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert pl

28、ants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists. What does the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” probably mean? _ A. keep everything out of campgrounds B. take away everything you b

29、ring in C. carry all the necessary food D. look after your personal belongings,(2009江西卷)New archaeological discovers suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many countries earlier than once thought. The findings, coupled with a widening range of sci

30、entific and historical research could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road. 72. The word “coupled” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by . A. produced B. contributed C. doubled D. combined,We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certa

31、in colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. （2009广东卷） 47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means_ A. formed an idea for B. m

32、ade an outline for C. made some space for D. chose some colors for,(2009年四川卷)Honesty comes in many forms. First theres self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something Im not , I feel unsure of myself and take out a pa

33、rt from my PBA(personal bank account ). 49. The underlined part “appear through smoke and mirrors” in the first paragraph means “ ”. A. to be honest B. to be unreal C. to become clear D. to come from an imagined world,or,(2009年全国卷II) Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week

34、 for women, according to a new study. For men, getting married saves an hour of housework a week. “Its a well-known pattern,” said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigans Institute for Social Research. “Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.” 45. According to the “well-known pattern” in Paragraph 1, a married man_. takes on heavier work B. does more housework C. is the main breadwinner D. is the master of the house,(2009年安徽卷)This action affects the environ