大学英语基础教程1第三版(北大出版社)第四单元.ppt

1、,第一册 第四单元,大学英语基础教程,WARMING UP EXERCISES,1: What is the topic of this episode? Saving the enviroment. 2: Whats your feeling afer you see the green forests at the very beginning of the video? I envy the beautiful environment. 3: Nowdays, what is happening to our enviroment? There is no much tree left.

2、 Pollution of all kind is threatening the earth. 4: Why is the earth facing many serious problems? Because people always care about their own profit and pollute the environment 5: Name somes acts of the people that pollute the environment. Exaust emissions, cause the plaugue of plastics, get over-de

3、velopped, catch and kill whates, cut down trees, pollute the water, and pollute the air.,Answer the questions after you wach the video.,WARMING UP EXERCISES,Section 1. Vocabulary Building,Directions: In this part , you are going to see 6 acronyms concerning enviromental protection organizations. Try

4、 to guess out the names of these organizations.,International Enviromental Protection Organization Association/国际环境保护组织协会,All-China Environment Federation/中华环保联合会,CNature Conservation Association/自然景象环境保护协会,World Wide Fund for Nature/世界自然基金会,International Fund for Animal Welfare/国际爱护动物基金会,INTERNATIO

5、NAL ENERGY CONSERVATION /国际节能环保协会,IEPOA：,ACEF :,Cnature：,WWF：,IFAW :,IEEPA ：,WARMING UP EXERCISES,Section 2. Knowledge Accumulation,Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of mankind, each and every significant step in the progress of human c

6、ivilization has been ccompanied by energy innovations and substitutions. The development and utilization of energy as normously boosted the development of the world economy and human society.,中文译文： 能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。,PREPARATORY,Secti

7、on 1. Match the words in Column A with the Chinese definition in Column B.,shortage,效率高的；有能力的，能胜任的 消耗，花费；大吃，大喝 不足，缺少 有时 可再生的，可延长的 太阳的，来自太阳的，太阳能的 取消 点燃，使发光,solar,efficient,consume,sometimes,cancel,renewable,light,PREPARATORY,Section 2. Write the meaning of each of the following words or phrases in th

8、e correspondent blank.,shortage :,(amount of) deficiency; condition of not having enough,solar :,efficient :,consume :,sometimes :,cancel :,renewable :,light :,of or from the sun, or using the energy from the sun to produce electric power,working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized

9、way,use (fuel, energy or time), esp. in large amounts; eat or drink a lot,at some times,decide that something arranged in advance will not happen, or state that you no longer wish to use or pay for something already ordered,that can be renewed,cause to begin burning or to give out light,8. We the ca

10、ndle and the candle lit (lighted) the room.,7. energy sources like sun, wind, and waves will not run out, unlike oil and coal.,6. The game was because of the rain.,5. The diesel (柴油机) engine is highly .,4. Thats the trouble with those big powerful carsthey too much fuel.,3. were busy and sometimes w

11、ere not.,2. The year is the time it takes for the Earth to go round the Sun.,1. of skilled workers is our main difficulty.,PREPARATORY,Section3.Read aloud the following sentences, paying attention to the meanings of the words or phrases in italics.,Shortage,solar,Sometimes,consume,efficient,cancelle

12、d,Renewable,lit (lighted),PREPARATORY,Section 4 : Two of a kind : Find out the meanings of the phrases in Column Aand the Chinese definition in Column B,get stuck,as.as.,at / for the moment,make use of,take in,turn into,It takes/has taken/took sb or sth a period of time to do sth,give off,像一样,此刻，现在,

13、利用,吸收；领会,变为，把转变成,做某事需花费/占用时间,放出，排放,卡住，动弹不得，困住,PREPARATORY,Section 5: Complete each of the following sentences with the expressions you have just learned.,Part A: 1. Jerry is not here at the moment . 2. How can an underdeveloped country like that make the best use of science? 3. The lesson was too di

14、fficult for the class to take in . 4. I am going to turn my garage into a playroom for the children. 5. Martin was as important as Tom in the company. 6. Seven of us got stuck in the lift for over an hour. 7. It took a long time for the wound to heal. 8. Some flowers give off their richest fragrance

15、 (香味) at night.,Part B: The flowers give off a heady scent at night. We are working under extreme pressure at the moment . My house is full; I cant take in any more guests. I never went through a final exam that was as difficult as that one. The cars blocking the exits could turn this place into a d

16、eath trap. So I get stuck with the directing job. They make use of advertisements to plug the new product. It will take a long time and energy to compile a dictionary.,PREPARATORY,Section 5: Complete each of the following sentences with the expressions you have just learned.,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Voca

17、bulary,at work at home electricity n. all at once blackout n. get stuck traffic n.,flight n. cancel v. renewable adj. over and over again fossil fuels natural gas takes (sb) time to do sth,在工作 在家 电 突然 灯火控制 卡住，陷住 交通，运输,航班 取消，删除 可再生的 一遍又一遍 矿物燃料 天然气 花(某人)时间做某事,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Vocabulary,as. as. din

18、osaur n. consume v. run out of at the moment shortage n. give off,carbon dioxide unhealthy adj. solar adj. take. in turn. into light v. heat v.,像一样 恐龙 消耗，花费 用尽，耗尽 此刻，眼下 缺乏，不足 放出，排放,二氧化碳 对健康有害的,不健康的 太阳的，与太阳有关的 吸收 把变成 照明 供热，供暖,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Vocabulary,windmill n. blade n. propeller n. generator

19、n. hydro- hydroelectric adj.,hydrogen n. turbine n. efficient adj. uranium n. plutonium n. reactor n.,风车 桨叶，刀片 螺旋桨 发电机 水的 水力 发电的,氢 涡轮机 效率高的，有能力的 铀 钸 反应,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Discussion,1. What does the text mainly talk about?,Discuss the following questions in pairs or groups.,(energy sources, energy

20、problems, renewable sources of energy ),2. How many types can energy be divided into according to the author?,(renewable, nonrenewable ),3. In what sense does the author say “most of our energy is from nonrenewable sources ”?,(fossil fuels, consume, more quickly than ),4. At the moment what are the

21、energy problems?,(fossil fuels, shortage, burn, pollution, unhealthy ),5. To solve the present energy problems, what kinds of energy should we make more use of in the future?,(cleaner, renewable ),These days, we need more energy than weve ever needed. More people are machines to do things every day

22、at work and at home. Sometimes, when people need more electricity than our systems can give them, or when people are using too much electricity , blackouts happen. And those blackouts can cause a lot of trouble. Trains stop. Lifts . lights go out. are cancelled. Where does our energy come from? Many

23、 different kinds of energy come from different places, but there are two main groups we can put energy into: and nonrenewable.,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Text A,Energy,Flights,renewable,all at once,get stuck,Traffic,are using,1. More people are using more machines to do things every day at work and at home

24、. 现在进行体，表示近期的发展趋势或正在变化中的情况。 The nights are getting shorter and shorter. 夜晚变得越来越短。 His handwriting is improving. 他的书法在进步。,2. . when people are using too much electricity all at once, blackouts happen. all at once 1) suddenly 突然 All at once there was a loud banging on the door. 突然，有人很大声地敲门。 He seemed

25、to be perfectly all right, and then all at once he started coughing violently and fell to the floor. 起先他看上去很好，突然他猛烈地咳嗽起来，接着倒在地上。 2) simultaneously 同时，一起 He was happy and sad all at once. 他悲喜交集。 Bill can play the piano, sing, and lead his orchestra all at once. 比尔能同时弹钢琴、唱歌和指挥乐队。,3. Lifts get stuck. b

26、e / get stuck get fixed in a particular position, place, situation; unable to move, leave or change a situation 固定的，僵住的，卡住的 Our lorry got stuck in the sand and we had to abandon it. 我们的卡车陷在沙里，不得不丢弃。 Seven of us were stuck in the lift for over an hour. 我们七个人在电梯里困了一个多小时。 I really got stuck (=cannot go

27、 any further with what Im doing)have you got any ideas how to answer these questions? 我的脑袋僵住了你知道该怎样回答这些问题吗？,4. Traffic lights go out. traffic n. the amount of vehicles moving along roads; or the amount of aircraft, trains or ships moving along a route 流动的车辆（航线上的飞机、火车或船只），交通（量） There was heavy traffi

28、c on the roads this morning. 今天早上路上车辆很多。 Five people were injured in a traffic accident. 五人在一起交通事故中受伤。 Turn left at the traffic lights, and Royal Road is the second on your right. 在红绿灯那儿朝左拐，皇家大道就是你右边的第二条路。,5. Flights are cancelled. flight n. flying through the air, journey by aircraft 飞行，飞翔；航班 Certa

29、in birds spend most of the day in flight. 某些鸟一天大部分时间都在飞行。 All flights to New York today are delayed because of bad weather. 因为天气不好，今天所有飞往纽约的航班都延误了。 cancel v. decide that something arranged in advance will not happen, or state that you no longer wish to use or pay for something already ordered 取消 The

30、y had to cancel tomorrows football match because of the bad weather. 由于天气糟糕，他们不得不取消明天的足球赛。 The 7:10 train to London has been cancelled. 7点10分开往伦敦的火车被取消了。,6. . there are two main groups we can put energy into: renewable and nonrenewable. renew v. begin doing something again, put new life and vigour i

31、nto, replace something old 重新开始,更新，使获得新生 She renewed her efforts to escape. 她为逃跑做再一次的努力。 Every year I renew my membership of the sports club. 每年我都要重新办理运动俱乐部会员资格。 renewable adj. that can be renewed 可再生的，可延长的 Renewable energy sources like sun, wind, and waves will not run out. 再生性能源是用不完的。 Dont worry.

32、This is a renewable contract. 别担心，这是一份可续签的合同。,Renewable energy can be used again. It comes from things like sunlight, wind, plants, moving water and the earths heat. We can use these things to make electricity, and we dont have to worry about them. But we have energy problems now because we get most

33、 of our energy from nonrenewable sources. We say they are nonrenewable because we are using them more quickly than they can be made. Most of these are fossil fuels like oil, natural gas and coal. Eighty-five per cent of the energy people use today comes from fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural g

34、as. Coal is mostly burned to make electricity. the Earth millions of years to make fossil fuels from dead plants and animals as old as dinosaurs. There is no fast way to make fossil fuels, but we are them very quickly.,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Text A,running out of,consuming,It has taken,over and over,7.

35、 Renewable energy can be used over and over again. over and over (again) repeatedly, many times 一再地，多次地 Ive warned you over and over again not to do that. 我一再警告你不要做那件事。 Before leaving for the airport, she kissed her baby over and over. 去机场前，她一遍又一遍地吻她的孩子。,8. .and we dont have to worry about running o

36、ut of them. run out (of) finish or be finished, be used completely 用完 Ive run out of the milk. /The milk has run out. 牛奶喝光了。 Her patience is running out. 她渐渐失去耐心。 My passport runs out next month, so I must get it renewed. 下一个月我的护照就要到期了，我必须去办延长手续。,9.It has taken the Earth millions of years to make fo

37、ssil fuels from dead plants and animals as old as dinosaurs. It takes/has taken/took sb or sth a period of time to do sth 做某事需花费或占用时间 It took all day for us to drive home. = It took us all day to drive home. 我们用了一整天开车回家。,10. .but we are consuming them very quickly. consume v. use (fuel, energy or ti

38、me), esp. in large amounts; eat or drink a lot 消耗，花费；大吃，大喝 Thats the trouble with those big powerful carsthey consume too much fuel. 这就是大马力汽车的缺点太耗油。 He consumes vast quantities of chips with every meal. 他每天都吃大量的炸土豆条。 Within a short time, the fire had consumed the whole building. 大火在很短的时间内就烧毁了整栋房子。,L

39、ANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Text A,We wont always have all of those things to make energy with. Scientists say that within the next 200 years, we will run out of many fossil fuels. Chinas energy problems are mostly because of a coal shortage. But energy shortages arent the only problem. Many fossil fuels car

40、bon dioxide when they are burned, and that makes our air unhealthy. So people are working hard now to find cleaner and renewable ways to get energy. The following are some types of energy that well need to .,at the moment,give off,one day,make more use of,11. Chinas energy problems at the moment are

41、 mostly because of a coal shortage. at the moment now, then 此刻，目前；那时，当时（过去时态） The biggest problem at the moment is unemployment. 目前最大的问题是失业问题。 I could not recall his name at the moment. 我当时想不起他的名字。 for the moment something is happening or true now but will probably change in the future 暂时；目前，眼下 I ha

42、ve nothing to do for the moment. 我暂时无事可做。 I dont want to discuss this for the moment. 我此刻不想讨论这个问题。,12. Many fossil fuels give off carbon dioxide when they are burned, and that makes our air unhealthy. give off send out, produce 散发，发出 The fire gave off thick swirling smoke. 这火冒出了滚滚浓烟。 The cooker is g

43、iving off a funny smell. 锅里正散发出一种古怪的气味。,13. The following are some types of energy that well need to make more use ofone day. make (good/the best) use of use(well/in the best way) （好好地，尽量地）利用 You must make good use of any opportunities to practise English. 你该好好地利用所有的机会练习英文。 We should train them to m

44、ake use of reference books. 我们应该训练他们学会使用参考书。,13. The following are some types of energy that well need to make more use ofone day. one day at an unknown time in the future, a day in the past 有朝一日，（过去）某一天 Were all going to be old one day. 有朝一日我们都会变老的。 One day she just didnt turn up for work, and we n

45、ever saw her again. 有一天她根本没有来上班，以后我们就再也没有见到她。,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Text A,The first is energy. Solar technology uses energy from the suns light. Solar cells made of things like silicon can sunlight and turn it into electricity. Small solar cells are used in things like calculators. Bigger ones can be

46、 used to light houses or heat buildings. Another is wind energy. You may have seen windmills before. They have very big blades that look like a planes propeller. The blades catch the wind and turn very fast. The blades then drive a generator, which turns the winds energy into electricity.,take in,so

47、lar,14. The first is solar energy. solar adj. of or from the sun, or using the energy from the sun to produce electric power太阳的，来自太阳的，太阳能的 solar radiation/cell/system/year 太阳辐射/太阳能电池/太阳系/太阳年,15. Solar cells made of things like silicon can take in sunlight and turn it into electricity. take in 1) abs

48、orb; understand,digest mentally 吸收；领悟，理解 I had to read the letter twice before I could take it all in. 我读了两遍，才把整封信读懂。 They listened to my lecture, but how much did they take in, I wonder. 他们听了我的课，但我不知道他们领会了多少。 2) deceive 欺骗 The teacher was completely taken in by my excuse. 老师完全被我的借口骗过了。 My disguise

49、really took him in. 我的伪装真的让他上了当。,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Text A,The third is hydro energy. This is sometimes called hydroelectric energy. The name comes from the word “hydrogen,” which is found in water. When water moves fast, it has lots of energy. When moving water goes through hydroelectric dams, it

50、turns a turbine, and the turbine turns a generator. The last is nuclear energy. This kind of energy is not renewable, but its more to make than fossil fuel energy. We get nuclear energy by putting uranium or plutonium into a nuclear reactor. Thats a big machine that breaks atoms apart. When atoms br

51、eak, lots of heat comes out. This heats up water to make steam. The steam turns a turbine, which then turns a generator to make electricity, much like in a hydroelectric dam.,efficient,16. .but its more efficient to make than fossil fuel energy. efficient adj. working or operating quickly and effect

52、ively in an organized way 效率高的；有能力的，能胜任的 She is a quick and efficient secretary. 她是个手脚快、效率高的秘书。 He is efficient at his job. 他能胜任工作。 efficiency n. state or quality of being efficient 效率 What is impressive about their society is the efficiency of the public services. 他们的社会给人印象最深刻的是高效率的公益服务。 This new m

53、ethod will doubtlessly increase the energy efficiency. 这种新方法无疑将提高能源使用效率。,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Read the following sentences and tell if they are true or false according to the text. In the brackets leading each statement, put “T” for true or “F” for false,1. ( ) People often need more electricity than

54、 our systems can give them, so blackouts frequently happen.,2. ( ) Though there are many different kinds of energy, we may put them into two main groups: renewable and nonrenewable.,3. ( ) Most of our energy is from nonrenewable sources.,4. ( ) Energy problems in the world at the moment are the same

55、.,7. ( ) People should work hard now to find cleaner and renewable ways to get energy and make more use of them in the future.,F,T,T,F,T,5. ( ) Energy shortages arent the only problem.,T,6. ( ) We are consuming fossil fuels more quickly than they are made.,T,8. ( ) Nowadays nuclear energy is widely

56、used because it is renewable.,F,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Fill in the blanks with the words below. Change the forms where necessary,1. There is a of grain because of poor crops.,2. A good manager is both competent (有能力的) and .,3. It didnt take the hungry boys long to the loaf of bread.,4. it is best not t

57、o say anything.,5. He all the appointments because he needed more rest.,6. Sun, wind and waves provide sources of energy.,7. Is your flat by gas or by electricity?,8. The system is the system of planets, of which our sun is the center.,shortage,efficient,consume,Sometimes,cancelled,renewable,lit/ li

58、ghted,solar,LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT,Rewrite the following sentences with help of the phrases and expressions provided. The italicized part in each sentence may serve as the hints (提示) for your task. The first sentence is done for you,at the moment make use of take in all at once as. as. turn into get st

59、uck give off,1. I cant find the address now but Ill get it for you later. I cant find the address at the moment but Ill get it for you later. 2. When nitric acid (硝酸) is poured on copper (铜), a brown vapor is produced. When nitric acid is poured on copper, a brown vapor is given off. 3. This door seems unable to move. Can yo