汉英译课件之句子翻译之语序调整.ppt

1、句子翻译之语序调整,语序指句子成分排列的次序，它是词语和句子成分之间关系的体现，反映语言使用者的逻辑思维和心理结构模式。,英汉语都以主语+谓语+宾语或施事+行为+受事为基本语序；就施事、行为和受事的顺序而言，汉语语序排列比英语灵活。 施事、行为、受事的位置在汉语中比较自由，在英语中比较固定。,中国批评界怎样的趋势，我却不大了解，也不很注意。-I am not too clear, not too interested ,either, regarding current trends in Chinas literary criticism.,沙发上坐着一个人。 A man was sitti

2、ng on the couch. 约翰的中国之行，给他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。 The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed John most during his trip to China.,早晨的公园里，遛鸟者时常可见。 Early in the park we often see people walk with caged birds in hand. Taking a walk in parks with caged birds in hand is a common scene in the ea

3、rly morning.,父亲母亲的形象还能回忆一点儿，但很模糊。 Even today I can recollect what my own parents looked like but, of course, my impression is blurry.,一 状语位置调整 在汉语中，状语一般位于主语和谓语之间，呈主语状语谓语宾语模式。 他每晚都要看电视。 有时为了强调，也可放在主语之前，如： 几十年来，我经常想到这一只狗，直到今天，我一想到它，还会不自主地流下眼泪。 在英语中，状语一般出现在宾语后的句尾，呈主语谓语宾语状语模式。 He watches TV every evenin

4、g. 有时也可出现在句首或句中 They observed with great care the chemical reaction. In a machine a great deal of energy is lost because of the friction between its parts.,表示时间、地点和方式的状语同时使用时，在汉语中通常排列为时间地点方式动词的顺序；在英语中则通常排列为动词方式地点时间的顺序。 大会将于今年九月在北京隆重召开。 The meeting will begin ceremoniously in Beijing the following Se

5、ptember. 他每晚都在图书馆用心读书。 He reads hard in the library every evening.,他一九三五年八月二十二日早晨六点三十分诞生在湖南的一个小县城。 He was born in a small town of Hunan Province at six thirty on the morning of August 22, 1935. 设在位于纽约市中心一座摩天大楼第四十层楼里的那间办公室，就是他工作的小天地。 The office on the fortieth floor of a skyscraper in the center of N

6、ew York City is the world he works in.,那位老人长时间住在那幢老房子里。 The old man has lived in the old house for a long time. 我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。 We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year. 经过仔细讨论，决定立即开始修建这条铁路。

7、 After a thorough discussion, we decided to start building the railway right away.,二定语位置的调整。 汉语定语总是放在中心词前面；英语定语位置较灵活，单词作定语时一般放在中心词之前，较长的定语如词组或介词短语则放在中心词之后。 浩瀚的大海the vast sea; 古老的中原文化the time-honoured Central Plain culture. The students outside the classroom A man with a broken left leg A man of good

8、 manners,当名词中心词之前出现几个属于不同层次的形容词作修饰语时，常常涉及词序问题。一般按下列词序排列：表示说话人评价的形容词表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国别、来源、材料的形容词表示用途、目的的形容词或分词、名词等类别词。 The charming old English church A well-known German medical school The mans first two interesting little red French oil paintings,She wore hair.(long beautiful) We ate in the

9、 restaurant.(new unusual Chinese) This office is equipped with furniture.(oak black new).,参考论述： 汉语中不同类型词语作定语修饰一个名词时，往往将表明事物本质属性的词语排列在前，将描写性词语排列在后；而英语则相反，越是表明事物本质属性的定语，越是靠近被修饰的中心词。 中国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古代建筑群。 The best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in China. 山东曲阜是中国古代著名思想家，教育家孔子的故乡。

10、Qufu, Shandong province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a well-renowned ancient Chinese thinker and teacher.,也可以使用定语从句 你能指给我看莎士比亚曾经住的那间屋子吗？ Can you show me the house where Shakespeare once lived?,他就是那个告诉我这个消息的人。 He is the man who told me the news. 我永远忘不了我们第一次见面的那一天。 I shall never forget the day whe

11、n we first met. 这是他以前在伦敦居住的地方。 That is the place he stayed when he was in London. 只有在河水很浅的地方我们才能涉水而过。 We can only ford where the river is very shallow.,使用分词形式： 他是一个值得同情的人。 He is a man deserving of sympathy. 日本和我国是一衣带水的邻邦。 Japan is our close neighbor separated only by a narrow strip of water.,使用介词短语：

12、 那一座书架上的书都是有关生态学的。 The books on that shelf are all on ecology. 大街上奔跑着各种品牌的汽车。 Cars of different brands run along the street. 正月十五元宵夜，街上挂着各式各样精巧的灯笼。 On the evening of the Lantern Festival, the 15th of the first lunar month, exquisite lanterns of diverse designs are hung along the streets.,他是依然健在的最伟大的

13、科学家。 He is the greatest writer alive. 这是可能取得的最令人满意的结果了。 This is the most satisfactory result obtainable.,补语形容词 The two brothers are very much alike. I was alone in the house. He was asleep. Although old, he is very much alive. 补语形容词一般不单独置于名词前做修饰语。An asleep child/an alive fish(),句间的语序调整： 叙事和表意的顺序 无论是

14、汉语还是英语，在句子中既有叙事部分，又有表意部分，在汉语句子中，叙事在前，表意在后，而且前者可长，后者较短。 我们听了你的学术报告之后，都非常高兴。 We were very delighted at listening to your academic report. 人类没有空气就无法生存，这是十分自然的。 It is very natural that man couldnt live without air.,我来到厦门大学教书，完全是一种意外的收获。 It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher

15、at Xiamen University. 他晚上开车经过山区真是太危险了。 It is very dangerous for him to drive his car through the mountainous areas in the evening. 居然没有一个人倾听这个意见，真是太遗憾了。 It is a pity that nobody should be on the listen. 你送来这么多优秀图书，我们甚感高兴。 We felt very delighted at your giving us many best books.,就分句间的相对位置而言，汉语的顺序相对比较固定，一般按照先因后果，语序与时序相一致的原则。 而英语比较灵活，语序与时序常常不一致。 我走过地板时，一块板子吱吱作响。 A board creaked as I crossed the floor.,你丈夫念书，你挣钱养家，他不会感到不自在吧。 I hope your husband doesnt feel bad about it, with him studying and you earning money. 女主人已经离开人世，再没有人喂它了。它好像已经意识到这一点。 He must have been aware that nobody was going to f