2000-2018年 专四语法真题详细解析.ppt

1、,TEM-4 语法真题解析,2018年,11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cario _ ancient Egypts first attempt to build a smooth-side pyramid. A.has been believed to have been B.was believed to be C.is believed to have been D.believed to be 解析：C. is believed to have been. 位于Cariof附近的弯曲金字塔被认为是古埃及第一次尝试建造的一个表面光滑的金字塔。背景相关知识，弯曲金字

2、塔，是公元前2600年由第一位法老萨夫罗修建的，位于距离Cario西南27公里处的地区，它是仅存的表面平滑金字塔之一，塔身弯曲。,2018年,11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cario _ ancient Egypts first attempt to build a smooth-side pyramid. A.has been believed to have been B.was believed to be C.is believed to have been D.believed to be 解析：C. is believed to have been. 考点

3、分析，sb/sth be believed to do/to be doing/to have done用法, sb/sth be believed to do(将来时态，代表某人某物被认为将要做某事）， Lucy is believed to go to London. Lucy被认为将要去伦敦。（没去）； sb/sth be believed to be doing(现在时态，某人或某事物正在做某事)， Lucy is believed to going to London. Lucy被认为正在去伦敦的路上。（在去的路上）； sb/sth be believed to have done(

4、过去时态，代表某人某事物被认为应该做过某事)，Lucy is believed to have gone to London. Lucy被认为去过伦敦。（已经去了）。 拓展句型，The refugees from Syria are believed to have committed various crimes in Germany since June 2015. 人们相信叙利亚来的难民自2015年6月份以来已经在德国犯下了各种罪行。,2018年,12.U.S.News _ rankings of colleges since1983. They are a very popular r

5、esource for students looking to apply to a university campus. A.maintains B. is maintaining C.maintained D.has been maintaining 解析：D.has been maintaining. 美国新闻从1983年起就一直保持着大学的排名。对于想申请大学校园的学生来说，这些大学是非常受欢迎的资源。 考点分析：时态现在完成进行时（have been doing），从过去某一时间点（1983年）到现在仍然进行的动作（一直保持大学排名）。 拓展句型，Tom has been playi

6、ng football for two hours.Tom已经踢了两个小时的足球了。maintain重要词汇，vt. （keep steady）维持，to maintain world peace, （support）供养，to maintain a family of 6, （assert坚称）to maintain that, (look after保养vehicle、machine、building）to maintain a road.,2018年,13.He was lured into a crime he would not _ have committed. A. actual

7、ly B. otherwise C. accidentally D. seldom 解析：B. otherwise. 他是被引诱的, 要不然的话, 他是不会犯罪的。 考点分析：otherwise用在定语从句结构中, 并与虚拟语气搭配使用。本题省略了that，He was lured into a crime that he would not otherwise have committed. 本句中省略的关系代词that指代先行词crime, 充当commit的宾语。Otherwise的这一用法既可以出现在that/which/who引导的普通定语从句中,也可以出现在than引导的特殊定语从

8、句。 otherwise的基本含义是“ 在相反的情况下 ”或“ 要不然的话 ”, 表达的是与前面提到的真实情况相反的一个假设情形。本句otherwise是对过去的虚拟, otherwise就相当于虚拟条件从句“if it had not been for ”, 此时that定语从句中的结构为“that somebody would otherwise have +过去分词”。 整个定语从句相当于这样一个完整的虚拟句: “He would not have committed the crime if he had not been lured into it.”(如果他当时没有受引诱,他就不会

9、犯罪了。) 具体用法请查阅otherwise与定语从句。,2018年,14.she was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _ mountains behind the apple orchard. A.blue hazy Virginia B. Virginia blue hazy C. hazy blue Virginia D. hazy Virginia blue 解析：C.hazy blue Virginia. 她曾经是一个年轻的乡村妻子，后院养着鸡，在苹果园后面可以看到朦胧的蓝

10、色弗吉尼亚山脉。 考点解析：形容词的排列顺序：“限数描大形,新色国材名”这句话, 此题就迎刃而解。如，these two useful small new white American calculators.,2018年,15.I long to alleviate _, but I cannot, and I too suffer. A.the evil B.evils C.an evil D.evil 解析：A.the evil. 我盼望减轻这些罪恶，但无能为力, 我自己也在受苦受难。 考点分析，考句选自罗素的What I Have Lived For ，Bertrand Russell

11、. the evil, 邪恶，罪恶；alleviate vt.减轻，缓解,2018年,16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming _ . A. war B.are war C.of war D.are of war 解析：D.are of war. 事实上，身体损害是足球的关键是可论证的，如同杀戮和残害是战争的关键。,2018年,17.At _, photography is a chemical process, during whic

12、h a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light. A.its most basic B.its basic C.the most basic D.the basic 解析：A.its most basic. 在最基本的情况下，摄影是一个化学过程，在这个过程中，感光材料在曝光时会发生变化。 考点分析，at ones/its +形容词最高级, 表达的含义是“处于最的状态”。 拓展句型.but, custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most common

13、place. 但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最最平常的行为而已。,2018年,18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn”is to used_ . A.to express an intended purpose B.to indicate a high degree of possibility C.to reveal an undesirable

14、 consequence D.to dramatize a stated fact 解析：C.to reveal an undesirable consequence. 她雇了一个律师去调查，结果却发现加布里埃尔把她的名字从契约中删除了。 考点分析，only to“不料竟会没想到会” 不定式表结果时,常指出人意料的结果。 拓展句型，The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only to find the speaker gone. 校长匆匆来到音乐大厅，结果发现演讲者早已走了。,2018年,19.Which of the following ita

15、licized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning? A. I wonder whats behind this change of plan. B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him. C. This work should have been finished yesterday. Im getting terribly behind. D. I suppose Im lucky because my parents were behind me all the

16、 way. 解析：B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him. 吉姆转身跟站在他后面的那个人说话。 behind“在身后，背后，的背面”站在身后的人，无隐含意义。 A.“我想知道改变计划的原因”，behind为“作为.的原因”等用于responsible for，如whats behind his actions? 他行动的动机是什么？ C. “这项工作昨天应该已经完成了。我越来越落后了”, behind为“落后于”，如Were behind schedule (= late) .我们的工作进度落后了。 D.“我认为我很幸运

17、因为我的父母一直支持我”，behind为“支持，赞成”。,2018年,20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _. A.a hypothesis B. a suggestion C. a contradiction D. a surprise 解析：A.a hypothe

18、sis.一种假设。我母亲决心帮助那些有需要的人，她会为过去20年所取得的成就感到无比自豪。,2017年,11. combination of techniques authors use, all stories from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels have a plot. A.Regarding B.Whatever C.In so far as D.No matter 参考答案【B】 解析：此题考查用于引导让步状语从句，如： whatever的核心是what，跟what一样，它需用在从句中作一个名词性成分，无论是作主语还是宾语

19、。此题从句动词use是及物动词，需要一个宾语。,2017年,12.She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door,_the women gave a quick knock before opening it. A.on which B.but when C.wherein D.then 参考答案【A】 解析：本题考查定语从句，定语从句可用拆分法，此句拆分为两句即为： (1).She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a

20、closed door. (2).The women gave a quick knock on (the door) before opening it. 介词on不可省略，knock on是固定词组（著名摇滚歌曲Knock on Heavens door），后行词the door用which替换。（后行词是本人独创，具体定义可见专栏相关文章。）,2017年,13. Ms Ennab is one of the first Palestinian_with seven years5 racing experience. A.woman drivers B.women driver C.wom

21、en drivers D.woman driver 答案【C】 解析: 合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，,2017年,14.“I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a_. A.past event for exact time reference B.present event for tentativeness C.present event for uncertainty D.past event for politeness 答案【

22、B】 解析：过去时比直接用现在时更加不直接，即更加婉转，而且情态动词的过去式表达的“可能性”相比其现在式要小，显得说话人更谦虚、谨慎，所以语气更加委婉客气。所以这题是“现在事件”，而tentativeness表示试探，这种试探就是一种谨慎、委婉客气。,2017年,15.“If I were you, I wouldnt wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to_. A.alleviate hostility B.express unfavorable feelings C.indicate

23、uncertainty D.make a suggestion,2017年,16.“Its a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.” The modal auxiliary SHOULD express_. A.obligation B.disappointment C.future in the past D.tentativeness,2017年,17.Timothy Ray Brown, the first man cured of HIV, initially opted against the

24、 stem cell transplant that_history. A.could have later made B.should have made later C.might make later D.would later make 参考答案【D】 解析：分析此题表达的情境，如果完全直译，是：Timothy Ray Brown，第一个被治愈HIV的人，起初是反对（在当时）将会创造历史的干细胞移植（这项技术的）。 本题需要表达“将会”，所以选would，而不是could have本来会/本可能会，should have本应该，以及might可能。,2017年,18.Some Mart

25、ian rock structures look strikingly like structures on Earth that are known_by microbes. A.having been created B.being created C.to have been created D.to be created 参考答案【C】 解析：本题考查不定式的完成态表示过去的或已经发生的、被动的动作的用法。 不定式的完成态强调过去的或已经发生的动作。,2017年,19. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afra

26、id in the ordinary sense, as_ if I_ alone. A. would have been.had been B. should be. had been C.could be.were D.might have been.were 参考答案【A】 解析： 本题有相当的难度，此句来自于乔治奥威尔的射象，中文译文是：在这种节骨眼儿上，那么多双眼睛盯着我，我早就顾不上害怕了，不像只有我一个人的时候。过去的事情是“已然”，对过去的事情进行想象，往往只能是“假设”，即“完全不可能的事情”，这个时候就需要使用虚拟语气。 因为当事人是在假设，所说话人需要避开陈述语气的表达：

27、 I would be afraid, if I was i alone. would be变成would have been, was变成had been.,2017年,20.You must fire_ incompetent assistant of yours A.the B.an C.that D.whichever 参考答案【C】 解析：whichever和whatever一样，引导两种从句，不能连接名词短语incompetent assistant of。排除D选项。此题想表达：你需要解雇你那个不称职的助理，答案在the与that间选择。 此题很微妙，表示指示的时候，the是th

28、at的弱化。通常在两种情况下，the需要翻译成“那/那个”的意思,2016年,11. How can I concentrate if you _ continually _ me with silly questions? A. have interrupted B. are interruptING C. had interrupting D. were interrupting 选b。 虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，

29、也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。,2016年,12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence _ expresses the highest degree of possibility? A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. It could take a long time to find a solution to t

30、he problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 选D。 四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。,2016年,13. She is a better speaker than _ in the class. A. any boy B. the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 选A。 主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。C的正确说法是any other girl。,2016年,14. Nobody

31、 heard him sing, _? A. did one B. did he C. didnt they D. did they 选D。 根据专四语法出题依据的书新编英语语法教程（章振邦）317页，nobody这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。口语里偶见they。 实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。,2016年,15. I cant put up with _. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the frien

32、d of yours 选B。 根据专四语法出题依据的书新编英语语法教程（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。比如a daughter of Mrs. Greens, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Greens。,2016年,16. There has been an increasing number of _ in primary schools in the past few years. A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers

33、D. men teachers 选D。合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，比如women drivers。,2016年,17. This is one of the issues that deserve _. A. being mentioned B. mentioning C. to mention D. for mention 选B。 deserve后面接动名词表示被动含义。 要么就说deserve to be mentioned。,2016年,18. The audience _ excited on seeing _ favorite star glide ont

34、o the stage. A. weretheir B. wereits C. wastheir D. wasones 选A。 虽然audience这个集合名词和class, team等一样属于可单可复，但用代词回指时要保持数的一致性。所以 C错了，要用its。,2016年,19. _ your advice, I would have made the wrong decision. A. Hadnt it been for B. Had it not been for C. Had it been for D. Had not it been for 选B。 条件虚拟句if省略后，had、

35、were、should要到句首倒装。 否定词NOT不前置,2016年,20. The sentence “I wish I had been more careful in spending money” expresses the speakers _. A. hope B. joy C. regret D. relief 选C。 wish这里引导的是虚拟句，我当时花钱应该更小心点。,2015年,51. When you have finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, _ ? A. dont you

36、 B. do you C. will you D. wont you 解析：C. will you? 反义疑问句,2015年,52. Mary is _ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam. A. no less B. no more C. not less D. not so 解析：A. no less hard working than. 和她的妹妹一样勤奋，（别人拿了优秀，但是她考试却没有过关）,2015年,53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A

37、. Only one out of six were present at the meeting. B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register. C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong. D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me. 解析： D. five miles seem like A 和B 的主语是一样的，都是度量衡做主语，因此必有一个错的，度量衡表示数字用单数，因此A 不正确，应该是seems like,2015年,54. Which of t

38、he italicized parts expresses a future tense? My friend teaches chemistry in a school. Ill give it to you after I return. C. What is the matter with you? D. London stands on the River Thames. 解析：B. I will give it to you after I return. Will 说明还没有return，只能是将来。 （A 是讲述现在的一般情况，C 是对现在情况的询问，你到底怎么回事？D 是客观现

39、实）,2015年,55. It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand. A. But B. nor C. like D. as 解析：D not so much as 是固定短语。,2015年,56. There is no doubt _ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project. A. why B. that C. whether D. when

40、解析：B. that there is no doubt that 是固定句式。 That 从句其实是主语，there 是形式主语。,2015年,57. All the Presidents Men _ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal. A. remains B. remained C. remain D. is remaining 解析： A. remains 主语是书名，因此用单数。后面从句是现在时，说那个基础时态也是现在时，故选C,2015年,58. If you explai

41、ned the situation to your lawyer, he _ able to advise you much better than I can. A. will be B. was C. would be D. were 解析： C。would be。 对现在的虚拟，所以主句用would+动词原形,2015年,59. Which of the following is a stative verb? A. Drink. B. Close. C. Rain. D. Belong. 解析：D. belong。 静态动词和动态动词,2015年,60.Which of the fol

42、lowing italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation? A. The man has a large family to support. B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother. C. He was the last guest to leave. D. Mary needs a friend to talk to. 解析：语法点考察不定式和它修饰的名词之间的关系。 C. the last gust to leave. (A 和D 属于同一类型.表示被动关系， support

43、the family, talk to a friend. 而B 是同位关系),2015年,61. The following are all correct responses to Who told the news to the teacher? EXCEPT _. A. Bob did it B. Bob did so C. Bob did that D. Bob did 解析：B. Bob did this. that 是指示下面要说的话，所以不正确。,2015年,62. Which of the following is INCORRECT? A. Another two girl

44、s. B. Few words. C. This work. D. A bit of flowers. 解析： D. a bit of flowers 搭配不正确， a bit of 只能跟不可数名词. 其他都没问题，,2015年,63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness? A. What will you do when you graduate? B. They will be home by now. C. Who will go with me? D. Why will you g

45、o there alone? 解析：B. Who will go with me? 有人愿意和我一块儿去么，表示意愿。（A 表示将来，B 表示推测）,2015年,64. When one has good health, _ should feel fortunate. A. you B. she C. he D. we 解析：替代词C. he， one 替代词可以是one， he两种。,2015年,65. There _ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. A. to be

46、 B. to have been C. be D. Being 解析：D.being 独立主格结构。 主动状态，而后面的主句是came 过去式，所以用there being, 而不能用A,2014年,51. It is essential that he _all the facts first. A. is examining B. will examine C. examines D. examine D 语法书p181.be-型虚拟式用在essential,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory(必须的、必要的）,proper,advisabl

47、e,appropriate等形容词之后的that-分句中，所以这里要用原型。,2014年,52. Which of the following sentences expresses a future action? A. Lucy is continually finding fault with her sister. B. We are meeting the visitors after the performance. C. The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge. D. Im hoping that youll give us som

48、e advice. B 有now，是一般现在式；D红色部分表示委婉语气 见语法书p132.,2014年,53. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement？ A. The front door remained locked. B. The boy looked disappointed. C. Nancy appeared worried. D. He seemed to have no money left. D,2014年,54. Which of the following senten

49、ces is INCORRECT? A. Physics is an important school subject. B. The United States borders Canada. C. The Niagara Falls is in North America. D. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. C语法书24页。C:以s结尾的地理名词，若表示的是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等，通常做复数用。D:有一些疾病名词以S结尾，通常做单数用，见语法书23页。,2014年,55. Which of the following sentences

50、indicates POSSIBILITY? A. The moon cannot always be at the full. B. You cannot smoke inside the building. C. He cannot come today. D. She cannot play the piano. A A不可能；B不可以，表禁止;D表能力(C不能来）,2014年,56. The boys in the family are old enough for_. A. schools B. school C. the school D. the schools B zero a

51、rticle:,2014年,57.Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship? A. He was reading Marys letter in the room. B. You can buy mens shoes in this shop. C. Mrs. Blakes passport was lost. D. The enemys defeat brought the war to an end. D,2014年,58. Please pardon _ you. A. my disturbing B. disturbing C. me to disturb D. that I disturb A pardon sb for sth/doing sth 请求某人原谅某事，