Grammar of Unit3 v-ing book7.ppt

1、,Under the sea Grammar - V ing,一: V-ing 形式由 “doing” 构成，其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。,Grammar,V-ing 形式,(not) doing,(not) being done,(not) having done,(not) having been done,二: V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语; 定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。 V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一般式; V-ing 形

2、式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完成式。,V-ing 的用法：,1.作主语 Swimming is good for health. _ (raise) your hat to a a lady is good manners . 对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。 _ (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .,Raising,Being killed,2. 作表语 Teaching is learning. 教学相长 My hobby is _ (make) model planes. What worr

3、ied the child most was _ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .,making,not being allowed,1). V-ing形式和不定式都可表示比较抽象的一般性的行为；而表示具体的某次动作，尤其是将来的动作时，多用不定式。 To obey/Obeying the law is everyones duty.,2). V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是 V-ing 形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式。 To see is to believe. = S

4、eeing is believing.,注意,3). Its no use (good) doing sth Its a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语, 只用V-ing,不用不定式。 It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It is a waste of time _ (talk) to him . It is important for me _ (learn) English .,talking,to learn,3.作宾语 V-ing

5、形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。 We would appreciate hearing from you 我们会珍惜你的来信。 The bird escaped _ (catch) . I feel like _ (join) the army. He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us.,being abandoned,being caught,joining,注意： 在 avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive

6、, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on 等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。,4. 作定语 The girl standing there is my sister . This is a piece of _ (surprise) news . The problem_ (discuss) now is very important. The farmers _ (work) in the fields are tired .,surprising,being di

7、scussed,working,5. 作状语 Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy . He sat at the table , _ ( read ) China Daily . _ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse. _ ( work ) hard , you will succeed .,reading,Working,Being asked,6. 作宾语补足语: I saw people coming and going in the street . I heard her

8、 _ (sing) a song in her room. Youll find the topic _ (discuss) everywhere now.,being discussed,singing,7.- Ving 一般时和一般时的被动形式; He hurried home , looking behind from time to time . 2) The building being repaired is our dormitory .,- Ving 的完成时和完成时的被动形式,1) Having lit a candle , she went out. 2) Having b

9、een asked to stay , I couldnt leave . 3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction .,8. 在绝大数情况下，的逻辑主语是句子的主语，但有时前可有一个名词或代词表示视神经逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的称为独立结构。 The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。,It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所

10、有商店都关门了。 The heavy frost coming on , dead leaves lay thick on the ground. 浓霜降临，枝叶满地。,9. 有少数并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度。 Generally speaking, the novel is not very inspiring. 总的来说，这部小说并不感人。 Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 从你说的情况看，他应能成功。,Practice 1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl f

11、riend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waited,B,2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to

12、 be built D. being built,D,3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch,C,4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,C,5. _ m

13、any times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching,B,6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been told D. Telling,A,Fill in the blanks : _ (turn) to the right , you will find

14、the place you want . 2. _ (ask) to put on performance , she refused . 3. _ (finish) his work , Henry went home . 4. _ (learn) new words is useful.,Turning,Being asked,Having finished,Learning,5. He disliked _ (interrupt) in his experiment . 6. I apologize for _ (not, wait) for you . 7. _ (not, recei

15、ve) an answer , I wrote to him again . 8. _ (give) such a good chance , you should catch it .,being interrupted,not having waited,Not having received,Having been given,9. I didnt mind _ (leave) at home . 10. The house wants _ (clean). 11. He came in without _ (ask). 12. _ (show) around the library ,

16、 we were taken to see the lab.,being left,cleaning,being asked,Having been shown,巩固练习：,1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed,C,2. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. t

17、o turn it off D. having turned it off,C,3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling,C,4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be taking,C,5. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all rig

18、ht. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know,B,6. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,D,7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead

19、of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called,D,8. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left,C,9. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in,D

20、,10. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying,D,11. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,C,12. W

21、hat do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,C,13. Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told,B,14. One learns a language by making mistakes an

22、d _them. A. correct B. Correcting C. corrects D. to correct,B,15. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coin as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure,D,巩固练习:,16. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the presid