初中语法系列连词.ppt

1、连词,、连词: 从属连词和并列连词 （一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词 （二）并列连词： 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有： 1.表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。 2. 表选择关系的or, eitheror等。 3. 表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。 4.表因果关系的for, so等。,5. and: “和”在肯定句中表并列 or: “和”在否定句中表并列 另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句 2)or “否则” eg. .Which do you like better, te

2、a or milk? .Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 6.but “但是”表转折 eg. I listened, but I heard nothing. 注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用 2)not but 不是而是 eg. This book isnt mine but yours.,both.and .两者都；既.又; 连接并列主语时用复数。注意： both.and .用在否定句中表示部分否定。 例：He cant play both the violin and the piano.他并非既会演奏小提琴，又会演奏钢

3、琴。 neithernor: 既不也不 连接两主语，就近原则 7. eitheror: 或者或者;连接两主语，就近原则。Either you and he is wrong. either.or在否定句中表示部分否定，不是.就是; Either you or I am not right.不是你不对，就是我不对。 not only but also:不但而且; 连接主语时，就近原则。Not only you but also your mother is kind.,not onlybut also可以和as well as 互换。例：She is not only beautiful but

4、 also kind.= She is kind as well as beautiful.她不但漂亮，而且心地很好。 Both he and I are students. Neither he nor I am a student. 引导宾语从句的连词： 1 that引导的宾语从句：表示陈述意义的宾语从句，从句由陈述句转化来，这时从句和主句时态一致。另一类特征是从句的主句谓语动词多是hope, think; find; be sure等。 The teacher said ( that ) they would have a test next week. I think ( that)

5、you can help me.,2if和whether引导由一般疑问句转变成的宾语从句。If和whether引导宾语从句可互换。If 一般用于口语，whether用较正式或书面语中。 “Do you know John?” he asked me.= He asked me if/whether I knew John. 但在下列情况中只能用whether而不能用if. 与or not连用时 I dont know whether I should go or not. 在介词后作宾语时。 I am thinking about whether you can swim.,与动词不定式连用时

6、。 I dont know whether to go. 在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中。 The problem is it is true or not. 在动词discuss引导的宾语从句中。 They are discussing whether they will have a class meeting. 3 wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句。 Can you tell me how I can get to the post office? 引导时间状语从句的连词。Do you know what time he left for Shanghai last night. 引导时间

7、状语从句的从属连词：when; while; as; after; before; since; till/until; as soon as等。 l,when表示当.的时候，指的是一点或一段时间。如：When I arrive there, I will call you。我到那里后，我会给你打电话。 when表示当.的时候，强调在某时发生的动作，如： When I arrive there, it was raining.当我到达北京时，天正在下雨。 when表示正在.;就在这时.,其句型是进行+when+一般时或一般过去时 I was writing to a friend when t

8、he friend entered my room. while表示当.的时候，指的是一段时间而不是一点，用动词的ing.如:I was watching TV , while my father was talking to his friend.,till=until; till表示一直到.为止，直到.才。当它与come, go；reach ;leave; finish等表示短暂性动作的动词连用时，主语的谓语部分要用否定形式，如：we wont work till our teacher came to teach us how to do it.当它与wait; stay; remain

9、表示持续性动作的动词连用时，主句的谓语动词要用肯定形式：I stayed there till she arrived. Since表示自.到现在，从句一般用过去时，主句一般用现在完成时。I havent seen him since he finished his studies. After在.之后，before在.之前 He came to China after the war was over.= The war was over before he came to China. as soon as 一.就；如主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。,Ill tell you as s

10、oon as I get the information. As soon as I finished my work, I went out to play. Since表示自.到现在，自从.以来；since连接的从句常用过去时，而主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时。We have not seen each other since I came here. Its 3 years since I came to Beijing. 引导原因状语从句；for; as; because; since等。 回答why时，只能用because.在英语中，用because，就不能用so. Why dont

11、 you go to school ? Because I dont finish homework. /,Since作为“既然，由于；因为”时，引导原因状语从句，常用与句首，语气比because弱，不能用来回答why的问句。 Since you are busy, I will go there instead of you. for用于句子主要部分后面。 She doesnt go out, for she is ill.=She doesnt go out because of illness. 引导地点状语从句：where, wherever等。 Wherever she may be

12、, she will be happy. Please keep sitting where you are.,引导条件状语从句：if ; unless; so/as long as等。 If you ask him, he will come. I will go there tomorrow unless it rains. 引导目的状语从句：that; so that以便; in order that等。 She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon.= She took medicine on time

13、in order to get well soon. I will wash the dress so that you can wear it. 注意：so that 放在句中而不能放在句首。 引导结果状语从句：so; so.that/such.that如此.以致, 太.以致； that等。 She is so kind that we like her. So.that的so 后接形容词或副词，such后面接名词。 It is so important a match that I cant miss it. It is such an important match that I can

14、t miss it.,即so+ adj/adv+ a/an+ n; such +a/an+ adj+ n We work so hard that we passed the exam.(2006玉林） In the U.S. Many people dont go to bed until twelve oclock.(2007玉林） 当名词由many, much ;few; little修饰时不用such而用so. He was such a fat man that he couldnt get through the door.= He was so fat that he could

15、nt get through the door. She always eats so much meat. 引导让步状语从句：though/although; even if/even though; however; whatever; no matter等。,Even if you were here yesterday, you couldnt help him. Though hes old, he still works hard. 引导方式状语从句：as; as if/as though等。 He speaks English as if he were an Englishma

16、n. I will do it as you told me. 引导比较状语从句：as.as.; not so/as.as; than等。 He works harder than before. His elder sister is as tall as his mother.,易混知识：if 表示如果，假如时，引导条件状语从句 ，若主句为将来时或祈使句时，if引导的从句用一般现在时表示将来时。 If we have a meeting, I should go to there early. if 表示为是否时，引导宾语从句，一般可与whether互换，从句的时态由事实决定。 I don

17、t know if we will have a meeting. and和or在否定句中的不同用法： 当列举成分是主语并且在否定词之前时，用and连接。 Your brother and you cant go home now. 在否定句之后的列举成分用or连接，构成完全否定。 I havent a TV or a computer. 在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，用and,而不用or. The book is not new and not old. 在肯定句中，without之后的列举成分用or连接构成完全否定；在否定句中，without之后的列举成分用and连接构成完全否

18、定。 Man will die without air or water.= Man cant live without air and water. 不能同时出现在同一个句中的连词： because因为与so因此 Though/although与but 练习 1 stand over there,_ you will get a better view of the whole city. A or B and C but D though,B,Mr. Black is rich,_ he is not happy. A and B or C but D / 3 My father was preparing for his speech_ my mother was doing some washing last night. A if B while C unless D until 4 I really enjoy your lecture,_ there were some parts I didnt quite understand. A because B unless C though D because 5You wont happy at school_ you get on well with your cl