Unit5Grammar.ppt

1、Grammar,Unit 5 First aid,Ellipsis (省略),为了使语言简洁或避免重复, 省略句中的一个或几个句子成分, 这种语法现象称为省略。,主语,谓语或谓语的一部分,宾语,主语和谓语 (或主语和谓语的一部分）,不定式后省略动词,1.状语从句中的省略。 (1)在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中省略从句主语及谓语动词中的be。 注意：状语从句的省略须符合两个条件：从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it; 从句中的谓语动词中包含系动词be。,Look out for cars when _crossing the street.当你穿越街道时要注意车辆。(时间状语从

2、句) Please make a mark where _necessary. 请在必要的地方做个标记。(地点状语从句) If _necessary Ill have the paper copied. 如果 必要我可以请人把这篇论文复印一下(条件状语从句) Though _reduced in numbers, they are still strong.虽然人数减少了，但他们仍然强大。 (让步状语从句) Lucy hurriedly left the room as if _very angry. 露西急匆匆地离开房间，好像很生气。 (方式状语从句),(you are),(it is),(

3、it is),(they are),(she was),(2)比较状语从句中的省略。 在这类状语从句中，常有一些成分被省略，如than或as后面的部分可省略，省略的情况也比较复杂。 Tom plays football as well as,if not better than，Jack. Tom plays football as well as Jack does，if he doesnt play better than Jack does. 如果说汤姆踢足球不比杰克更好的话,也 至少和他踢得一样好。,注意：并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和 be 动词，由 after，before，b

4、ecause 等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替 be 动词。 Because he was ill，he didnt attend the meeting. 由于生病了，他没有出席会议。 Because of _,he didnt attend the meeting. (正) _,he didnt attend the meeting. (正)Because ill，he didnt attend the meeting. (误),being ill,Being ill,2.定语从句中的省略。 (1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可

5、省略(但whom, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 This is one of the experiences _Ill never forget. 这是我难忘的经历之一。 (2)修饰way的关系词可以省略。 Please tell me the way _you did the job. 请告诉我你做这份工作的方式。,(that),(that/in which),(3)在以the same. . . as和such as引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。 I dont like such books as this _ 我不喜欢这种书。,(is),3.宾语从句中的省略。

6、 (1)由which，when，where，how和why等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省略，而只保留特殊疑问词。 You have solved the problem. Can you tell me how_? 你已经把问题解决了。你能告诉我你怎样解决的吗？,(you solved the problem),(2)在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词that可省略。 The manager explained _the task was difficult and that the weath

7、er was bad. 经理解释说任务艰巨而且天气糟糕。,(that),(3)在由suggest，request，order，advise等词引导的名词性从句中，谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式，即“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 I suggest that we _ go out to eat. 我提议我们出去吃吧。,(should),(4)在Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句时，后面常用省略形式。so表示赞同前述的事实，not表示不赞同前述的事实。 Do you think our team will win? 你认为我们

8、队会赢吗？ I think so._ 我认为是这样。,(I think our team will win.),Is it going to rain this afternoon? 今天下午会下雨吗？ I hope not. =_ _ 我希望不会下雨。,(I hope it is not going to rain this afternoon. ),4.动词不定式中的省略 (1)通常为了避免重复,在联系密切的语境中,作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留 不定式符号to。常见的动词有like，love，hope，wish，expect，refuse，mean，try，forget，prefer等

9、。 Will you go with me?你愿意跟我去吗？ Well, Id like to_. 哦，我愿意去。,(go with you),注意: (1)省略的不定式内容若有作助动词用的have或be时，to后要保留原形的have或be。 (2)类似这样用法的还有动词短语be going to，be about to，be supposed to，have to，used to及形容词glad, happy，pleased，delighted等。 The city now is much noisier than it used to_.这个城市现在比过去喧闹多了。 It seems th

10、at he has known the truth. 看来他已经知道了事实。 Yes, he seems to_. 是的，看来他好像知道了。,be,have,(2)两个或两个以上的不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的省略to。但是当两个不定式表示对比关系时， 第二个to也不能省略。 My work is to look after the children and _teach them English. 我的工作是照看这些孩子和教他们英语。 To be for the plan or to be against the plan doesnt matter. (to不能省略)支持还是反对这项计划

11、都无关紧要。,(to),(3)如果不定式作表语，用于解释“do”的内容，to 也常可省略。 What he wants to do is _go home. 他想(做的事是)回家。 (4)感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不能带to。 (注：help后to可带可不带) 【助记】 吾(五)看三室(使)两厅(听)一感觉 look at, see, observe, watch, notice, make, have, let, listen to, hear, feel,(to),I saw Jack cheat in the exam. 我看到杰克在考试中作弊了。 No one can

12、help him _solve the problem.没人能帮助他解决这个问题。 (5)介词but，except(除了)前有do的具体形式时，后面的不定式要省略to。 All he could do was nothing but _ and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。,(to),(wait),5.与特殊疑问句相关的省略 (1)特殊疑问句的回答形式有两种，一种是部分回答(即省略结构)，一种是完全回答。 What do you suggest? 你有什么建议？ _Going fishing on Sunday. (我建议)周日去钓鱼。 (2)由固定词组引导的疑问句。 so what? w

13、hat if. . . What if it rains? 倘若下雨怎么办？,(I suggest),从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out （浙江2010）,高考链接,2. Some of you may have finished unit one.

14、_, you can go on to unit two. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so （江西2009）,3. Whats the matter with Della? Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _. A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for （江苏2009）,4. Have you got any particular plans for the coming

15、 holiday? Yes. _, Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city. A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible （安徽2008）,5. Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _. A. writesB. does writing C. is writingD. does write （重庆2007

16、）,6. We all know that, _, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with （2007全国卷I）,7. Dont take too much of the medicine; it does you more harm than good if you _. do B. take C. like D. have （

17、江西2007）,8. I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _ good. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds （湖北 2006）,1)The temple which is surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,The temple (which is) surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,结合所学知识，把以下句子中可省略的部分删掉。,2)T

18、he first book that I read this term was more interesting than the second book that I read this term.,The first book (that) I read this term was more interesting than the second (book that I read this term).,定语从句中的省略,3) To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than she was expec

19、ted to do.,To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do).,在 than, as 引导的比较状语从句中的省略,4) I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have returned from the hospital.,I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might

20、have (returned from the hospital).,在并列复合句中，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分常可省略,5) He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt want to help the accident victim.,He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt (want to help the accident victim).,在并列复合句中，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分常可省略,6) You can borro

21、w my first aid notes if you want to borrow my first aid notes.,You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).,不定式后省略动词,7) It sounds like a good idea.,(It) sounds like a good idea.,8) Is there anything I can do for you?,(Is there) anything I can do for you?,9.The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.,(_),10.A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman. 11.She has a daughter who is in hospital. 12.He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor .,(_),(