Chapter 13 状语从句的译法.ppt

1、Chapter 13 状语从句的译法,（一）时间状语从句 （二）原因状语从句 （三）地点状语从句 （四）条件状语从句 （五）让步状语从句 （六）方式状语从句 （七）结果状语从句 （八）目的状语从句 （九）比较状语从句,（一）时间状语从句：,The air pushes against things when they move in it.,物体在空气中运动时，空气便对其产生阻力。,自1949年新中国成立以来，我国的科学技术取得了很大成就。,Great achievements have been made in our science and technology since new Chi

2、na founded in 1949.,1.不论原句中主从句的次序如何，均按汉语习惯转译成位于句首的短语：,2.转译成汉语的并列复句：,The earth turns round its axis as it travels about the sun.,地球一面绕太阳运行，一面绕地轴自转。,还没等上油，他就把机器开动了。,He operated the machine when it was not oiled.,3.转译成汉语中特定条件句中的条件分句（表特定条件的偏句）或表原因的分句：,When this question is answered, even better and chea

3、per electrical materials can be developed.,只要这一问题得到解决，就能研制出更好更便宜的电工材料。,由于风把沙砾吹起来，碰撞大岩石，因而较松散的岩石层便会慢慢磨损。,When winds blow sand particles against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away.,2.转译成汉语中假设复句中的假设分句：,Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the m

4、achine.,如果机器发生故障，（那么）清将电闸拉下。,许多世纪过去以后，人类才发现了电。,Many centuries had passed before man found electricity.,3.主句转译成汉语的短语，从句转译成汉语的单句：,Hardly had the operator pressed the button when all the electric machines began to work.,（当）操作人员一按电钮，所有电机就开始运行。,2.译成汉语的后续式分句：,Hence, in this work we investigate the use of

5、dual adaptive control for the affined class of nonlinear, discrete-time systems when the nonlinear functions are unknown and a stochastic additive disturbance is present at the output.,因此，本文将研究双效自适应控制在一类非线性、离散时间系统中的应用，该系统的非线性特征未知，在系统输出上还附有随机干扰。,（二）原因状语从句：,As a steel ship is hollow, it floats on wate

6、r.,由于钢船是空心的，因此能浮在水面。,因为燃料用完了，所以发动机停了。,The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.,1.不论英语中从句的位置是在句首还是在句末，汉译时状语从句大多按汉语习惯译在句首：,2.有时当从句处于主句之后时，为了考虑与上下文的呼应，也可采用顺译法，将从句仍译在句后：,The material first used was copper because it was easily obtained in its pure state.,最早使用的材料是铜，因为纯铜易得。,（三）地点状语从句：,Where there

7、is sound, there must be sound waves.,只要有声音，就会有声波。,无论控制系统什么地方发生故障，都会有办法。,A signal will be shown wherever anything wrong occurs with the control system.,1.转译成特定条件句中的条件分句（表特定条件的偏句）：,2.转译成无条件句中的分句（表排除条件的偏句)：,3.转译成汉语的短语：,Make marks where you have questions.,在你有问题之处做上记号。,水电站建在水有较大落差的地方。,Water power statio

8、ns are built where there are big water falls.,（四）条件状语从句：,Plants will grow well if air, water and sunlight are enough.,如果空气、水或阳光充足，（那么）植物就会长得很好。,如果不加以保护的话，（那么）铁件或钢件就会生锈。,Iron or steel parts will rust, if they are unprotected.,1. 转译为假设符合句中的假设分句（表假设的偏句）,2.转译为特定条件的条件分句（表特定条件的偏句）：,If we make the experime

9、nt again, we shall succeed.,只要把这项试验再做一遍，我们就会成功。,只要没有动力的作用，运动物体就始终运动下去。,An object in motion remains in motion unless a force is exerted on it.,（五）让步状语从句：,Even though automatic machines can do many things that man does, they cannot replace man.,虽然自动化的机器能做人所做的许多事，但是它不能代替人。,能虽然可由一种形式转变为另一种形式，但它既不能创造也不能消

10、灭。,Although energy can be changed from one form into another, it can neither be created nor destroyed.,1.译为让步复合句中的让步分句（作让步的偏句）：,2.译为无条件复合句中的条件分句（表排除条件的偏句）：,Electronic computers, however remarkable they may be, cannot do created work.,无论电子计算机多么完善，他都不能进行创造性的劳动。,不管出现什么情况，实验都要进行下去。,Nothing will stop us

11、from making our experiment, come what may.,（六）方式状语从句：,Electricity flows through a wire just as water flows through a pipe.,电流通过导线就像水流过水管一样。,气体像液体一样没有固定的形状。,Gases have no definite shape as liquids.,1.与其主句一起合译为汉语的单句：,Each of two wires carrying currents has a magnetic field, as if it were a magnet.,通电的

12、两根导线每根都有一个磁场，就好像是一块磁铁一样。,激光器发出的光只有一种颜色，也就是说它只有一个频率，即一个波长。,Light as it comes from a laser is essentially of one colorthat if, it is one frequency, or one wave length.,2.译成汉语的后续式分句：,3.译成定语：,（七）结果状语从句：,Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldnt develop without it.,电是一种非常重要的能源，

13、没有它现代工业就不能发展。,这台晶体管收音机很小，可放在口袋里。,The transistor radio is so small that you can carry it in your pocket.,1.译成后续式分句：,2.与主句一起合译成汉语的单句 ：,The induce e. m. f. is in such a direction that it opposed the change of current.,感应电势的方向是阻止电流发生变化的。,浮体进入液体刚好到排开与其等重液体时的深度。,A floating body sinks to a depth such that

14、it displaces its own weight of liquid.,（八）目的状语从句：,The moving parts of a machines are often oiled that fraction may be greatly reduced.,机器的转动部件常常涂以润滑油，以便大大减小摩擦。,应当保护好这些试管，一面其受损伤。,The text tubes should be protected in order that they will not be damaged.,1.积极目的：,2.消极目的,（九）比较状语从句：,A computer can handle large figures much better than any human brain.,计算机比任何人脑逗能更好地处理大数字。,这个实验与那个试验同样重要。,This is just as import