初中词义辨析(精华).ppt

1、第十讲,词义辨析,方位介词,on: 在上。表面接触。,over: 在垂直正上方. under,above: 在上方, 高于某物,不一定垂直。 below,on, over, above,There is a ship the river.,There is a bridge the river.,There is a plane the bridge.,on,over,above,on,over,under,above,below,beneath,地理方位,in: 在内部。,on: 搭界。,to: 不搭界。,in, to, on,Beijing is the north of China.,i

2、n,Japan is the east of China.,to,Hunan is the south of Hubei.,on,in front of, in the front of,in front of: 在前面(范围之外),in the front of: 在的前部(范围之内),There is a car in front of the house and Tom sits in the front of the car.,Tom,一言辨异,cross , across, through,across: prep. 从表面横穿,through: prep. 从内部空间穿,cross

3、: v. 穿过，越过,*go across the street=cross the street,*go through the tunnel / forest,*swim across the Channel,*The river runs through this city.,in the tree, on the tree,in a tree: 不是树上结的东西,on a tree: 树上长的。,on the tree,in the tree,accept , receive,accept: 主动接受,receive: 收到,I received a gift , but I dont

4、 want to accept it.,接收 接受,一言辨异,alone , lonely,I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain. I didnt feel lonely though I was alone.,孤单,我独自行走在荒凉的山里，虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞.,adv. 状语 独自,adj. 定语 荒凉的,孤独不在独处时只在闹市中,表语 孤独的，寂寞的,表语 一个人的,一言辨异,ill, sick,ill: adj. 表示“有病的”只能作表语,不能做定语. 作定语时表示“恶劣的,邪恶的”,sick: adj. 作定语或表语:“生病

5、的”,与with连用表原因。 作表语“呕吐的,恶心的”,生病,My daughter was sick with a cold. 我女儿因感冒而生病。,Tom was ill in hospital. Tom生病住院了。,That ill woman killed her own child. 那个坏女人杀了自己的孩子。,She wanted to help sick people. 她想帮助病人。,put on, wear, dress, in,穿戴,take, cost, spend, pay,花费知多少,made,be made of + 原材料(看得出),be made from +

6、原材料(看不出),be made by + 制造者,be made in + 产地,制造,Wine is made grapes. This car is made Germany. Cotton is made clothes. The house is made wood. My kite is made Uncle Tom. Water is made oxygen any hydrogen.,from,in,into,of,by,up of,be made into + 成品,be made up of + 组成部分,borrow, lend, keep,borrow sth. fro

7、m sb.,lend sth. to sb.,keep + for + 时间段,=borrow sb. sth.,=lend sb. sth.,借入,借,借出,持有一段时间,steal, rob,steal sth. from sb./sp.,rob sb./sp. of sth.,偷抢,从某人/某地 偷东西,抢某人/某地 东西,used to,used to do sth. 过去常常做某事,be/get used to doing sth 习惯做某事,He used to go to work by car, but now on foot.,be used to do sth. 被用来做,

8、He is used to reading books before he goes to sleep.,Knife is used to cut.,by, with, in , through,with: 用工具,in: 用语言、材料,by : 靠，凭方式/方法/手段,through: 通过途径,write with a pen, strike with a hammer,kill two birds with one stone,in English, in ink , in Large Letters, in shorthand,All work had to be done by ha

9、nd.所有的工作都是手工进行的。 He makes a living by teaching. 他以教书为生。 How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail? He came by train, but his wife came by bus.,He succeeded through hard work. The scientist studies the skies through a telescope.,look, see, watch, read,look : 去看。强调看的过程。vi. 与at连用,see:

10、 看见。强调看的结果,watch: 观看，欣赏(电视,剧,表演,比赛),read: 读(书,报,杂志),看,Look! Look at the pictures! What can you see?,听,listen, hear,listen: vi. 与to连用。强调听的动作,不一定听见。,hear: vt. 听见。强调听的结果。,I was listening, but heard nothing.,sound, noise, voice,sound: 一切声音,noise: 噪音,There is a loud noise outside the classroom. The teach

11、er had to raise his voice, ”Light travels much faster than sound.” 教室外面一片嘈杂，老师只得提高声音说：“光的传播速度比声音 快得多。”,声音,voice: 嗓音,一言辨异,say, speak, tell, talk, chat,说,look for, find, find out,look for: 寻找。 强调找的过程和动作。,find: 找到，发现。强调结果。,She looked for her lost ring everywhere, but she didnt find it. The next day she

12、 found out that a little boy had stolen it.,find out: 找出，发现，查明。指通过调查发现真相。,寻找,一言辨异,discover, invent,discover: 发现。 原本就存在的。,Edison invented the light.,invent: 发明。 原本没有,Columbus discovered New Continent.,in future, in the future,in future: 从今以后的全部将来,in the future: 将来的某一时刻,I must study hard in future and

13、 I will succeed in the future.,将来,=from now on,从今以后我必须努力工作， 那么将来我就会成功。,Do you want to go to America in the future?,I hope youll be careful in future.,一言辨异,sleep, asleep, sleepy,go to bed: 上床,就寝。 强调动作。与get up对应,go to sleep: 睡着,入睡。 强调结果。,=fall asleep：自然而然、不知不觉地睡着。,sleepy: adj. 疲倦的。,睡觉,be asleep： 睡着了的。

14、强调睡眠的状态。,asleep: adj. 只能做表语。,sleep: v. & n. sleep a sound sleep,sleeping: n. 睡眠。做定语 a sleeping bag/ car / baby,sleep： 指睡觉的动作过程。,be strict in, be strict with,be strict in sth. : 对某事(工作、学习)严格要求,be strict with sb.: 对某人严格要求。,Students must be strict in their study and teachers must be strict with their s

15、tudents.,严格,严格是大爱,一言辨异,job, work,job: n. 可数。 工作,职业,任务,职责。,work: v. & n. 不可数。,Whats your job? I got a job as a teacher a few days ago. I have a lot of work to do every day. I must work hard.,工作,a good job 一件好事 lose ones job 失业 be out of a job 失业 Do a good job. =Good job! 干的不错 at work 在工作 work hard 努力

16、工作（或学习）,bring, take, fetch, carry,bring: 拿来,带来 ,take: 拿走,带走 ,Please bring your book here.,fetch: 去取来,去拿,去接 go and bring,carry: 携带,运送,运载,带,Lets take Mary to the party.,Please fetch me a cup of coffee.,Dont forget to carry the medicine.,This plane can carry 550 people.,die, dead, dying, death,1. He di

17、ed suddenly last night. 2. The old man is dying. 3. Lei Feng was dead for many years, but death cant bring him away from peoples heart. 4. Nowadays many people die of cancer. 5. The young man died from a traffic accident.,死,cloth, clothes, clothing,cloth: 布,布料。,clothes: 衣服的总称。以复数形式出现。 包括上衣，裤子，内衣，外衣，

18、含义较具体。,All her clothes are very beautiful. 她所有的衣服都很漂亮。,clothing: 服装的总称。 包括衣服裤子鞋袜,范围比clothes广,含义较抽象。,衣服,The shop sells mens clothing. 这家商店卖男装。,I need a lot of cloth if Im going to make a new dress.,jacket,coat,shirt,blouse,dress,skirt,trousers,shorts,sweater,socks,tie,house, home, family,house: 房子。指建

19、筑。无感情色彩。,home: 家。强调家的氛围或环境，有感情色彩。,She has a new house in Shanghai. She goes home at five everyday. Her family all like travlling.,family: 家庭。强调家庭成员。,家,have been to, have gone to, have been in, have been away,have been to: 去过某地。(人已回),have gone to: 去了某地。(人未回),-Where is Tom? -He has gone to London. He

20、has been to London three times. We have been in NY for 5 years. Mr. Smith has been away from Paris for 2 months.,have been in: 在某地呆着。,have been away: 离开某地。,enough to, tooto,enough to: 足够能够做,tooto: 太而不能,The boy is too young to go to school.,=The boy is not old enough to go to school.,The girl is old

21、enough to go to school.,反,tooto结构在肯定句式中表示否定含义，但在下列情况表示肯定含义。 not tooto but/just/only tooto toonot to,besides, except, except for,besides: 除了之外(还有) 从整体中加上,是附加关系 =in addition,except: 除了之外 ,从整体中减去,是排除关系。 不能放在句首,放在句首需要用except for 替代。,She can speak French and Japanese besides English .,except for: “除之外”，用

22、于引述细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思， 有“瑕不掩瑜美中不足”之意。前后名词性质不同。,apart from: apart from具有多重意义，既可表示besides， 也可表示except或except for。在同类或不同类都能用。,除了,We all passed the exam except Tom.,Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.,Apart from the price, the dress doesnt suit me. 且不说,sometime, someti

23、mes,some time, some times,It took me some time to finish the report. We will meet sometime next week. She sometimes goes to school on foot. We have been to the Great Wall some times.,口诀 分开是”一段“ 相聚在“某时” 分开s是“倍次” 相连s是”有时“,不到长城非好汉,too, either, also, as well,也,be famous forbe famous as,be famous for: 因而

24、著名(不同概念),be famous as: 作为而出名(同一概念),China is famous for the Great Wall.,著名,China is famous as an ancient country.,be afraid of doingbe afraid to do,be afraid of doing: 担心出现某种后果,be afraid to do： 不敢做,害怕,一言辨异,Mr. Black was afraid to climb the tree, for he was afraid of falling down from it. 布莱克先生不敢爬树，因为

25、他怕从树上掉下来。,be familiar withbe familiar to,be familiar with: 人做主语，某人对熟悉,She is familiar with modern jazz. 她对现代爵士乐很熟悉。 Your name is very familiar to me. 你的名字我很熟悉。,be familiar to: 物做主语，物对人来说是熟悉的,熟悉,agree,agree with:,agree to:,.,agree on:,同意,How.,join, take part in, enter for, attend,参加,hear of/abouthear

26、 from,hear of / about: 听说。间接听到或听说某人某事。,hear from: 收到来信,Have you heard from Susan recently? I heard of her illness.,一言辨异,learn of/aboutlearn from,learn of / about: 听说的事情, 得知,了解,We should learn from Lei Feng.,learn from: 向学习,Im very sad to learn about his death.,manage to, try to, try doing,manage to

27、do: 设法做成某事,How did you manage to get there? 你是怎么设法到达那里的？ The doctor tried to cure the patient of her illness, so he tried treating her with new medicine. 医生尽力为这个病人治病，因此他试着用新药给她治疗。,try to do: 企图，设法去做某事,try doing : 尝试做某事,一言辨异,a number of, the number of,The number of books in our library is going up. 我

28、们图书馆里的藏书数量正在上升。,a number of: 大量，许多，后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数,the number of: 的数量。中心词是number,谓语动词用单数,A number of students are on the playground. 很多学生在操场上。,A number of teachers are present today, the number of them is 300. 许多老师今天都出席了，人数有300人。,一言辨异,much too, too much,much too: 太,非常，后接形容词或副词。,too much: 太多, 后接不可数名词,

29、或修饰行为动词,置于句末。,There is too much water here.这里有很多水。,He cant write too much on a card.,My wife always worries too much.我的妻子总是担心太多。,The box is much too heavy. He cant carry it. 这个箱子太重了，他搬不动。,no more, no longer,I have eaten enough apples. I dont want to eat any more. =I want to eat no more. 我吃了足够多的苹果，我不

30、想再吃了。,no more: 数量、程度上不再多与非延续性动词连用 =notany more,no longer: 时间、距离上不再, 多与延续性动词连用 =notany longer,不再,His uncle is not a driver any longer. =His uncle is no longer a driver. 他的叔叔不再是个司机了。,whole, all,whole: 与定冠词和物主代词连用时,whole 位于它们后,all: all the ,整个,All the people here have known the whole truth about the ma

31、tter. 这里所有的人都知道了这件事情的全部真相。,一言辨异,all the day 一整天 =the whole day,all the time 一直 the whole time 全部时间,wish, hope,I wish you success. I hope it will be fine tomorrow. I hope to watch the football match again.,wish: 祝愿。 难以实现的。,hope: 希望。 可实现的。,leave, leave for,leave: 离开(出发地),leave for: 动身，前往(目的地)。,leave,l

32、eave for,Nigel will leave Beijing for Sydney next month.,compare to, compare with,compare to: 把比作 (有相似性),Dont compare my plan with others. 不要把我的计划和他人的相比。,compareto/with: 把和相比较 (有对比性),He often compares the world to a stage. 他常常把世界比作一个舞台。,the sameasbe similar tobe different from,It is+ adj.+ for sb. t

33、o do,It is+ adj.+ of sb. to do,对某人来说做某事是.的客观。easy, hard, difficult, possible, impossible,某人是的去做某事主观。 表示人品的形容词good, kind, nice, honest, clever,What is he like?,What does he look like?,他是个什么样的人？ 指内在特征。kind, nice, clever, honest, shy, polite, quiet, frank, hard-working, awful, lazy,他长的什么样子？指外在特征。beauti

34、ful, pretty, smart, handsome, tall, short, fat, thin, big eyes, black hair,drop in at, drop in on,call at, call on, visit,参观 拜访,许多,大量,不定式和动名词的区分,mustnt, shouldnt, neednt, cant,同义表达,立刻,immediately at once right now,充满 装满,be full of be filled with,道歉,be sorry to sb. apologize to sb.,来自,be from come fr

35、om,亲自,by oneself on ones own alone,由负责,be responsible for have the duty for in charge of,擅长,be good at do well in,对有兴趣,be keen on be interested in,包括 包含,consist of be made up of include contain,对有害,be bad for be harmful to do harm to,缺少,be short of be lack of,值得做,be worth doing feel like doing,收到 来信,receive a letter from have/get a letter from hear from,匆忙,hurry up in a hurry hurriedly hurry