6.专转本非谓语动词

1、非谓语动词常考点,非谓语动词语法知识点繁缛复杂，而从我们考试常考点来看，我们可重点掌握以下几点： 1.记住最常见的跟非谓语动词的相关的固定搭配 2.分词做状语，分词做定语，分词的独立结构 3.不定式做状语，不定式做定语,分词作状语,1分词作状语的基本原则 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。 分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。,2分词作状语的句法功能 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。如： Hearing the news,

2、 they got excited. (时间) Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间) Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因) Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mis

3、take. (让步) The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况),分词做状语,_that I wasnt going to get much chance for promotion, I decided to quit the job.(223.39) Realizing B. To realize C. Being realized D. Realized _ of an unhappy marriage, she felt greatly relieved and was eager to embrac

4、e a new life.(2018. 33) A. To be free B. Freeing C. To free D. freed,分词独立主格结构,分词独立主格结构的特点：分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语，它有自己独立的主语1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。,the girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 time permitting (= if time permits), w

5、e will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 there being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。,分词独立结构,All flights _ due to the fog, they decided to go Guangzhou by train.(P222.25) Have been cancelled B. having cancelled C. Having been cancelled D. were cancelled 类似有P211. 30 All fl

6、ights _because of the strike, they had to find some other means of transportation.(2018.24) Having been canceled B) had been canceled C. Having canceled D) were canceled,分词作定语,分词作定语时有下面几个特点： 现在分词表示主动意义，正在进行； 过去分词一般表示被动含意，状态或做完(完成)的事。 he rushed into the burning house 他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。 the child standing

7、over there is my brother 站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。 have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? he is an advanced teacher他是个先进教师。,不定式作状语,He sat down to have a rest. (表目的) They went there to visit their teacher. 他们去那里拜访老师。（表目的） He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果） My grandmother liv

8、ed to see the liberation of China. 我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。（表示结果）,不定式多用于还未进行的动作 P187.34 不定式的否定形式：Not放在 to do之前,As is expected, the government is taking measures _ the spread of Bird Flu.(P198.26) A. preventing B. prevent C. to prevent D. prevented 再如P210.21 再如P222.22； P212.39 P187.34 Because of the thick smog

9、, many people move to Sanya in Hainan, believing it would be a wonderful place to _ in A. live B. living C. be living D. be lived,只用不定式,一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语 Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help 例如： She p

10、retended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.,在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如： I am very glad to see you. 我非常高兴地见到你。 I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。 在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：P235.27 He was too excited not to say a

11、few words. 他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。 She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。,动词不定式在介词but, other than后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but后面的不定式也要省略to。如： We could do nothing but / other than wait. We had nothing

12、 to do but / other than wait. We have no choice but to wait. I cant choose but laugh. P235.35,只用动名词,有一些词后面只能接动名词，不可以接不定式 consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, cant help, min

13、d, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk 此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词

14、组也要用动名词作宾语。 比如 The squirrels was lucky that they just missed being caught.,It is / was no use / good + doing sth. It is / was not any use / good + doing sth. It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. It is / was useless 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。,下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意

15、义上有区别，要特别注意。 1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已经做过某事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事 regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情 try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 m

16、ean doing sth. 意味着做某事 go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.) cant help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事,在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即： allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth. allow / advise /forbid /

17、permit sb. to do sth. 如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke.,以主动表被动,4动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 need / require / want doing / to be done 如窗户需要擦一下。 The window needs / requires / wants cleaning. The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned. be worth 后必须用动名词的