全新版大学英语综合教程4 Unit2.ppt

1、B R _ main,Listening Comprehension,Warm-up Questions,Background Information,B R _ An English Song _main,Listening Comprehension,Thinking Before Listening,Thinking While Listening,Listening and Speaking,B R _ An English Song _main,Background Information,Automobile Industry,Global Positioning System,I

2、ntelligent Transportation System,B R _ Thinking Before Listening,Thinking Before Listening,The title of the passage you are going to listen to is “Cars of the Future”. Write down three questions about cars of the future.,B R _ Thinking While Listening,Thinking While Listening,Listen to the passage a

3、nd find out if it answers the questions you asked in Exercise 1.,What kind of car will we be driving in 2010? Rather different from the type we know today, with the next 20 years bringing greater change than the past 50. Their vision is of a machine with three wheels instead of four, electrically po

4、wered, environmentally clean, and able to drive itself along “intelligent” roads equipped with built-in power suppliers. Future cars will pick up their fuel during long journeys from a power source built into the road, or store it in small quantities for traveling in the city. Instead of todays seat

5、ing arrangements two in front, two or three behind, all facing forward the 2010 car will have a versatile interior with adults and children in a family circle.,B R _ Thinking While Listening1,This view of the future car is based on a much more sophisticated road system, with strips built into motorw

6、ays to supply power to vehicles passing along them. Cars will not need drivers, because computers will provide safe driving control and route finding. All the driver will have to do is say where to go and the computer will do the rest. It will become impossible for cars to crash into one another. Th

7、e technology already exists for the car to become a true automobile.,B R _ Thinking While Listening2,clean driving: electrically powered, environmentally clean safe driving: controlled by computer more comfortable: a versatile interior with the adults and children in a family circle,B R _ Listening

8、and Speaking,Listening and Speaking,Listen to the passage again and say what changes will make driving:, cleaner? safer? more comfortable?,Tips:,B R _ Warm-up Questions 1,Warm-up Questions,What do you think is the most profitable and powerful industry of the 20th century, computer, automobile, petro

9、leum or airplane? 2. What do you think will be the most profitable and powerful industry in the 21st century, communication, astronautics, biology or construction? 3. What is the greatest invention in the world so far?,B R _ Warm-up Questions 2,4. If you could afford a car, would you buy one? Which

10、brand would you like to have?,B R _ Automobile Industry 1,Automobile Industry,The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only economies but also cultures. It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues, an

11、d provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries. Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. Between 1886 and 1898, about 300 automobiles were built, but there was no real established ind

12、ustry.,A century later, with automakers and auto buyers expanding globally, automaking became the worlds largest manufacturing activity, with more than 53 million new vehicles built each year worldwide. Automobile manufacturers are among the largest companies in the world. These corporations are oft

13、en multinational. These companies often share parts, or use parts made in foreign factories. The U.S. automobile industry produced 16.8 million vehicles in 1999. The three major automobile manufacturers in the United StatesGeneral Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and Daimler Chrysler AGprovid

14、e three fourths of the industrys total direct employment in the United States.,B R _ Automobile Industry 2,B R _ Global Positioning System 1,Global Positioning System,Global Positioning System is a space-based radio-navigation system, consisting of 24 satellites and ground support. GPS provides user

15、s with accurate information about their position and velocity, as well as the time, anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions. GPS determines location by computing the difference between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that pro

16、vide extremely accurate time.,As of March 1994, 24 GPS satellites were in operation. Replenishment (补给) satellites are ready for launch, and,contracts have been awarded to provide satellites into the 21st century. GPS applications continue to grow in land, sea, air, and space navigation. The ability

17、 to enhance safety and to decrease fuel consumption will make GPS an important component of travel in the international airspace system. Airplanes will use GPS for landing at fogbound (为浓雾所困的) airports. Automobiles will use GPS as part of intelligent transportation systems. Emerging technologies wil

18、l enable GPS to determine not only the position of a vehicle but also its altitude.,B R _ Global Positioning System 2,problems. For example, using advanced surveillance (监视) systems, the early stages of a traffic bottleneck situation can be detected, and traffic can then be directed to other routes

19、to mitigate (减轻) the congestion and to provide faster and more efficient routes for travelers. New technologies enable this type of surveillance and guidance,B R _ Intelligent Transportation System 1,Intelligent Transportation System,Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refers to transportation

20、systems which apply emerging hard and soft information systems technologies to address and alleviate (缓解) transportation congestion,response to occur in real time, and therefore, to allow potential congestion situations to be addressed before they develop into serious traffic jams.,B R _ Intelligent

21、 Transportation System 2,G R _ main,Part Division of the Text,Further Understanding,True or False,G R _ Further Understanding,Further Understanding,Text Analysis,Language Focus,Answer the Questions,G R _ True or False 1,True or False,1. There are so many people killed in the car accidents that car a

22、ccidents reports can be found in newspaper nearly everyday.,F,The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we dont even bother to mention them in the newspaper anymore.,( ),Scan Text A and decide whether the following statements are true or false.,2. A smart

23、 car can alert the driver if he becomes drowsy.,T,( ),G R _ True or False 2,3. The computer in the car will totally eliminate the cases of getting lost and getting stuck in traffic.,F,The computer can have a positive impact on these problems, but it is unlikely to cure them.,( ),G R _ True or False

24、3,4. The computer in the car sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a satellite.,F,The satellite sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a cars computer.,( ),5. By establishing the relation between the rotations in the steering wheel and the cars position on a map, t

25、he computer can tell us where the car is.,T,( ),G R _ Part Division of the Text 1,Part Division of the Text,Parts,Para(s),Main Ideas,1,13,2,49,New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.,With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that

26、 they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.,G R _ Part Division of the Text 2,Parts,Para(s),Main Ideas,GPS and “telematics” will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way.,1013,3,G R _ Answer t

27、he Questions,1.,Answer the Questions,How important was the automobile industry in the 20th century?,2.,3.,Did the automobile industry change a lot in the last seventy years?,What will happen to cars and roads in the 21st century?,4.,Why does the author say the key to tomorrows “smart cars” will be s

28、ensors?,G R _ Text Analysis,Text Analysis,In this part, the author lists the features of smart cars. Can you summarize these features?,Tips:,Smart cars can eliminate most car accidents. Smart cars can alert the police and provide precise location if stolen. Smart cars can monitor ones driving and th

29、e driving conditions nearby. Smart cars can alert the sleepy driver. Smart cars can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.,1. 2. 3. 4. 5.,G R _ Language Focus 1,Language Focus,We may encounter some difficult words or phrases in reading. Shall we consult the dictionary immediately? An ef

30、ficient reader will make a guess based on knowledge of word-formation or knowledge of the word in the context. For example, can you guess the meaning of “blink spot” in the following sentence? Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”) the

31、 computer would sound an immediate warning. There might be an accident if you change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”. How could it happen?,G R _ Language Focus 2,How come you dont know the existence of the car? It must be that you cannot observe the car from the rear-view mirror. Here

32、 comes the possible meaning of “blind spot”: a portion of the road behind a car, which a driver cannot observe from the rear-view mirror.,Now try to guess the meaning of “Global Positioning System” (Para. 7) and “atomic clocks” (Para. 7). Word-formation may also provide much information about the me

33、aning of the word. For example, what is telematics? The prefix “tele-” means “distant”, the suffix “-matics” may be the end part of “informatics”. So telematics must be a branch of knowledge concerned with long-distance transmission.,G R _ Language Focus 3,Now try to guess the meaning of “prototype”

34、 (Para. 6) and “interstate” (Para. 12).,Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the worlds biggest manufacturing industry.,D R _ Text 1,Smart Cars,Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the

35、 effects of the computer revolution.,The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century. There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people.,D R _ Text 2,The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized i

36、n the twenty-first century. The key to tomorrows “smart cars” will be sensors. “Well see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act,” predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporations ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the

37、 future.,Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents. The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we dont even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore.,Smart cars have already been built which can moni

38、tor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound an immediate warning.,D R _ Text 3,Fully half of these fat

39、alities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the police and

40、provide its precise location if it is stolen.,D R _ Text 4,drivers eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.,At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built which will determine how sleepy you are a

41、s you drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life-threatening hazard. To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a drive

42、rs face and eyes. If the,D R _ Text 5,Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satel

43、lites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four,Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.,D R _ T

44、ext 6,At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite contains four “atomic clocks,” which vibrate at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.,As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signa

45、l that can be detected by a receiver in a cars computer. The cars computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellites signal can be converted into a distance.,D R _

46、Text 7,In Japan there are already over a million cars with some type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a cars position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.) With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are vir

47、tually limitless. “The commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy,Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp., which manufactures navigational systems. Blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks, airplanes could land by remote control, hikers will be able to locate their position in

48、the woodsthe list of potential uses is endless.,GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called “telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in Europe, and experiments are being made in California to mount computer c

49、hips, sensors, and radio transmitters on highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions. On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan calls for computers,

50、 aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.,D R _ Text 8,D R _ T

51、ext 9,Promoters of this computerized highway have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be adopted in thousands

52、of miles of highways in the United States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion.,D R _ Sentence 1 _ Sales of the ,How do you understand the word “stand”?,“Stand” is used

53、to show a particular level or amount. For example: Inflation currently stands at nine per cent. Your bank balance stands at $460.,Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the worlds biggest manufacturing industry.,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,汽车工业的销售额达一万亿

54、美元左右，从而成为世界上最大的制造业。,D R _ Sentence 2 _ The key,Paraphrase the sentence and pay attention to the structure “the key to sth.”,The crucial element of the future smart cars will be sensors.,The key to tomorrows “smart cars” will be sensors.,“Should” is often used in subordinate clauses after “if” it mak

55、es an event sound less probable. For example: If you should see Harry, give him my regards. (You might see him.) In British English, the structure “if + subject + should + verb” is often replaced by “Should + subject + verb”. For example: Should you see Harry, give him my regards.,D R _ Sentence 3 _

56、 Should you,Analyze the structure of this sentence.,Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound an immediate warning.,D R _ Sentence 4 _ To eliminate ,To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be

57、trained on a drivers face and eyes.,You must be familiar with the word “train”, but how do you understand the word in this sentence?,Here “train” means to focus on or aim at.,D R _ Sentence 5 _ Sensors in ,Paraphrase this sentence.,There are sensors in the car and they are tuned to radio signals whi

58、ch come from orbiting satellites. The sensors can locate the car and warn of traffic jams.,Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams.,D R _ Sentence 6 _ They make ,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,通过这些

59、卫星我们有可能以小于100英尺的误差确定你在地球上的方位。,They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.,D R _ Sentence 6 _ Some of ,Explain how the navigational facilities help locate the cars position.,They locate the cars position by establishing the relation between the rotations in the wheel and the cars position on a map.,(Some of them locate a cars position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.),D R _ Sentence 7 _ The commercial ,“The commercial industry is poised to explode,”,What does “t