电梯流量分析.ppt

1、Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark.基本原则和迅达基准Introduction & Guidelines.相关介绍和指引, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 2,Rule of Thumb.基本原则A Methodic of best guess of the Elevator Configuration needed.对电梯配置进行有条理和最有效预估的要素, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0

2、 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 3,Rule of Thumb. 基本原则How to Design an Elevator for an Office Building?如何规划办公楼的电梯配置？,Defined Building Population ? 确定大楼人数？ Defined HC5 Requirement ? 确定5分钟运载能力要求？ Defined WT Requirement ? 确定候梯时间要求？ Define Number of Elevators 确定电梯数量 Defin

3、e Car Speed 确定电梯速度 Define Car Load 确定电梯载重, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 4,Rule of Thumb. 基本原则Estimate Numbers of Elevators needed. 估算电梯数量, 250 persons per elevator 每台电梯服务250人, 4 - 5 floors per elevator 每台电梯服务4-5个楼层, 24 floors per elevator

4、 group 每个梯组服务24个楼层, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 5,Office Building. 办公楼Define the Car Speed. 确定电梯速度,HQ = Travel height (65m example beside)HQ = 提升高度（假设左侧例子的提升高度为65米） T = Travel time from main floor to top floor without taking time losses

5、into account caused by acceleration and decelerationT = 从基站直驶到最高层站的时间，不考虑加减速等 额外时间 Recommended Values for Travel Time行程时间推荐值 - 20 sec for top requirement (example beside) 顶级标准为20秒（假设左侧例子如是） - 25 sec for medium requirement 中档标准为25秒 - 32 sec basic requirement 普通标准为32秒 VKN = HQ / T = 65m / 20s = 3.25 m

6、/s, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 6,Rule of Thumb. 基本原则Summary. 综述, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 7,Rule of Thumb. 基本原则Relation WT / INT. WT和INT的关系,Interpretation of Interval Wai

7、ting Time 说明：间隔时间候梯时间 The relation of interval INT and average waiting time WT has been examined for a number of different elevator groups. It has found out that the ratio WT/INT depends very much on the elevator group and on the arrival rate (as percentage of the maximum handling capacity).经过对比不同梯组

8、的电梯间隔时间和平均候梯时间，我们发现：WT/INT系数很大程度上取决于梯组配置和到达率（与5分钟运载能力最大值相等） For assessing an elevator groups maximum performance, the usual relation of “WT = 60 % x INT” is not realistic. Better use “WT = 80 % x INT” or even “WT = INT”.要对电梯梯组的最大性能进行评估，惯常用的“WT=60%xINT”公式并不能反映真实情况，建议使用“WT=80%xINT”或“WT=INT”。, Schindle

9、r | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 8,Rule of Thumb. 基本原则How to Define the Car Load GQ? 确定电梯载重,P = Ar x INT P = Passengers per car (car loaded with 80%)P = 每个轿厢的乘客数量（轿厢满载率80%） Ar = Arrival rate = arriving persons per secondAr = 到达率 = 每秒内到达的人数 INT = Inte

10、rval considering waiting time WT = 80% of INT = rough estimationINT = 间隔时间按WT=80%xINT考虑 = 粗略估算 Arrival Rate Ar (example): 到达率Ar（举例说明）：Population = 800, handling capacity = 14 %, arriving persons = 112 persons / 5 min人数=800，运载能力=14%，到达人数112人/5分钟Ar= 0.3733 persons / sec. Ar=0.37733人/秒 Interval INT (ex

11、ample): 间隔时间INT（举例说明）：Required waiting time WT = 24 sec 候梯时间要求WT=24秒 Interval = (WT/80)x100 = 30 sec间隔时间 = (WT/80)x100 = 30秒 Car Load 电梯载重P = Ar x INT = 0.3733 persons/sec x 30 sec. P = Ar x INT = 0.3733人/秒 x 30秒= 11.2 persons considering 80% car load = 11.2人，80%轿厢满载率= 14.0 persons considering 100%

12、car load = 14.0人，100%轿厢满载率 GQ 100% = 14 persons x 75 kg / person = 1050 kg = choose 1250Kg, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 9,Traffic Vision 3.0Overview 概览,Given Input 假设值: Building with a Population of 800 大楼总人数800人 Amount of floors above m

13、ain Floor = 16 基站以上楼层数=16 Travel Height around 65 m 提升高度大约为65米 Required HC 5 = 14% 要求HC5=14% Required average WT around 24 sec 要求平均候梯时间WT约为24秒 1.Estimated Number of Elevators 估算电梯数量Number of Elevators = 4 (800People / 200People per Elevator) and (Floor amount / 4floor serving per Elevator) = Higher

14、value should be considered电梯数量=4（800人/每台电梯服务200人），如同时使用另外一个公式（楼层数/每台电梯服务4个楼层）来计算电梯数量，应取两者的最大值。 2.Estimated Speed 估算电梯速度Elevator Speed to reach top/medium level travel time between 20-25 secV = HQ/t=20sec = 65/20 = 3.25 m/s expected speed 3m/s如要满足顶级或中档要求，电梯的行程时间应在20-25秒之间V=HQ/t=20秒=65/20=3.25米/秒，预期电梯

15、速度为3米/秒。 3.Estimated Car load 估算电梯载重INT = (WT/80) x 100 = (24/80)x100 = 30 secAr = (Population/100)*HC5 / 300 = (800/100)*14/300 = 0.37333 Persons/secP = Ar * INT = 0.3733 * 30 = 11.2 Persons (80% car load) 100% carload would be around 14.0 Persons) estimated car load (75 Kg/ person) = 1050 Kg would

16、 fit with a 1250 Kg Car Load DesignP=Ar*INT=0.3733*30=11.2人(轿厢满载率80%)，如按100%轿厢满载率，人数约为14人，按75公斤/人，则电梯载重=1050公斤，向上取整得电梯载重1250公斤。, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 10,Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | R

17、ule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 11,Defined Traffic Situations 确定交通状况,Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Traffic Situations (Criteria). 交通状况（标准）, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 12,Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准St

18、ar Rating (Criteria). 星级评定（标准）,Defined Criteria 确定标准, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 13,Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Guidelines. 指引,Important Note: 重点提示： As a Schindler guideline always follow the following rules. 迅达指引总是遵循以下原则： Look

19、 at the lowest rating of all analyses of a project. Then: 查看项目里所有的分析数据，找出最低值，然后： 3 stars or more are o.k. and recommended.如果达到三星级或以上，该电梯配置可行并可推荐。 2 stars: Such projects must be examined carefully (including a second opinion e.g. of a superior) and are only accepted for good reasons. You should be aw

20、are that such a project is marginal w.r.t. elevator performance, and we might face critical questions or problems related to high waiting times etc.二星级：这类项目必须仔细核实（如获取上级意见），如无充分理由将不予采纳。应当谨记这样的电梯配置其效能是相当低的，日后我们很可能会由于候梯时间等问题受到客户的质询。 1 star or less: Such projects must be rejected by Schindler. The eleva

21、tor performance is poor, and such installations may cause severe problems and damage Schindlers reputation.一星级或以下：迅达必须拒绝承接这类项目。由于电梯的效能极差，在投入使用后会问题不断，直接影响迅达的声誉。, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 14,Overview Report (Example) 报告概览（例子） Illustrati

22、on of an analysis with a rating of 2.6 , 下图这个例子，该分析取得的星级是2.6 corresponding to the following performance values: 对应的性能数值为： HC5 = 10.4 %, WT = 43.1 s (Project is not recommended!),Defined Reporting Standards 确定报告标准, Schindler | TV3.0 | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | TRT CN | 200810,Schindler Tr

23、affic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Office Buildings. 办公楼的星级,STAR Criteria,Interpretation:, Schindler | TV3.0 | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | TRT CN | 200810,Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Hotel Buildings. 酒店的星级,STAR Criteria,Interpretation:, Schindler | TV3.0 | Ru

24、le of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | TRT CN | 200810,Schindler Traffic Standards. 迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Residential Buildings. 住宅楼的星级,STAR Criteria,Interpretation:, Schindler | TV3.0 | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | TRT CN | 200810,Star Rating. 星级评定Explanation. 说明,Schindler Star Rating Defin

25、ition, Schindler | TRT CN | TV3.0 Training | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | 2008/10 | Page 19,Star Rating Auto Setting. 自动选取星级Explanation on Office Building Up-peak.针对办公楼上行高峰模式的说明,WT sec,HC5 %,5,20,25,10,15,30,35,40,12,13,14,15,16,11,3*,4*,5*,3*,4*,5*,4.75*,4.75*,Auto evaluation Points where

26、the System finds the optimum of rating, means where WT and HC5 have the same Star rating in our example 4.75* 系统自动选取星级点，在该点WT和HC5的星级值是一样的，如本例子为4.75*,Performance Curve Simulation,If we would choose manually the Values the system takes the lower one from HC5 or WT in our example on 13% HC5 it would be

27、 3.5* 如果我们要进行手动调整，系统会选取HC5或WT对应星级较小的数值，例如本例子HC5为13%时对应的星级是3.5*,3.5*, Schindler | TV3.0 | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | TRT CN | 200810,Relation to CIBSE Guide D与CIBSE Guide D的关系, Schindler | TV3.0 | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | TRT CN | 200810,CIBSE Guide D Recommendations CIBSE Gui

28、de D的推荐值 Recommendations for office buildings (single and multiple tenancy, standard and prestige), hotels, residential buildings, hospitals, schools.各类推荐值包括办公楼（单租户和多租户，普通及高档），酒店，住宅，医院，学校。 Recommendations expressed by arrival rate and interval.到达率和间隔时间的推荐值。 Note: Traffic situations are not clearly stated.备注：对于交通状况并没有清晰的规定 Details for office, hotels, residential: See next pages.对于办公楼，酒店，住宅的详细介绍：请参阅下页。,CIBSE Guide DOverview 概述, Schindler | TV3.0 | Rule of Thumb & Schindler Benchmark | TRT CN | 200810,CIBSE Guide D Recommen