英语主语从句讲解

1、定语从句：形容词性从句 在句子中起定语（形容词）的作用 The book that I bought yesterday is lost. 名词从句： 在句子中起名词的作用 主语谓语宾语 单个名词单个名词 一组词构成从句（主语从句） 一组词构成从句（宾语从句）,1主语从句；subject（谓语之前） 2宾语从句；object（谓语之后） 3表语从句；predicative（系动词之后） 4同位语从句 appositive(名词之后）,引导词： That, whether, if , who, what , where, when , why, how,whoever, whatever,.,W

2、hether he will come or not is a question It is obvious that he will win the game. That he will go to London surprised us The fact is that she never liked him. I hope that you can pass the exam. He thought it strange that she passed the exam. The fact that he failed the exam shocked us. Who will go m

3、akes no difference. That is why he was late for school.,主语从句,Whether he will come or not is a question That he will go to London surprised us It is obvious that he will win the game. That 在句首引导的主语从句 他是最好的学生，这是很明显的 it 做形式主语的主语从句 it is + adj + 引导词从句 it is + n + 引导词从句 it is + Ved + 引导词从句 It is still a

4、question whether / if he will come It is unknown which team will win the game. It is strange that he should like her. It turned out that/ it is said/ reported/ believed that It doesnt matter whether It must be pointed out that,主语从句不能将if放句首,what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而tha

5、t 则不然。What引导的主语从句一般不可改为含形式主语的句子。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is certain.,It is right what you said yesterday.,It is certain that she is still alive.,._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind. ._ the earth is round is known to us all. 归纳：,What,That,连词_

6、在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_在从句中作成分，,that,what,1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter,高考题选萃,宾语从句,I hope that you can pass the exam. He thought it strange that she passed

7、 the exam. it 做形式宾语的宾语从句 我们把餐前洗手当成一个规则 我们觉得很奇怪你竟然喜欢他， We make it a rule that we should wash our hands before meals. We think it strange that you should like him.,1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. /

8、B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif DFor 4._ need further discussion whether we will buy the house or not. That B. this C. it D. the thing. 5. I will see to _ that all the lights are turned off. A. It B. this C. / D. them.,表语从句,The fact is tha

9、t she never liked him. That is why he was late for school. 表语从句中不用if , 但可以用as if 引导 He looks as if he was going to cry.,同位语从句,同位语位于名词的后面，补充说明名词的内容，同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。如： The fact that she is ill should be considered.,The news that our team has won the match is true. His delay is due to the fact that

10、 the car went wrong halfway.,同位语从句,同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea,answer,information,doubt, knowledge, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词.,The Differences Between Appositive clauses and Attributive Clauses,怎样区别 同位语从句与定语从句,同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处,1、从句的作用不同：同位语从

11、句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。,e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. The news that you told us is really encouraging.,（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）,从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中

12、充当成分。,e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.,（that 不充当任何成分,从句是个完整句子）,（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）,3、that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故 不能用which替换；而that引导定语从句时是 代词，常可以和另一关系代词which替换。,e.g. The fact that he is from Can

13、ada is new to me. The fact that surprised me is that he is not Chinese.,（that不可换为which）,（第一个that可换为which）,4、引导同位语从句的关联词，除that外，还可 以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词； 而定语从句不可用what, how, whether等引导。,e.g. I had no idea at all what I should do next. There is no proof whether he was killed by others.,Practice,His propos

14、al that we go there on foot is acceptable. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. 3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent? 5. Is this the company where your father works? 6. This is the reason t

15、hat he gave for his absence. 7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.,1. The news _ another power station will be built cheered all the villagers. A which B that C what D whatever 2 The news _ he told us is exciting. Which of the following is wrong? A what B C which D that,Exercises,

16、B,A,II. Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what 3.I have no idea _he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. that,B,A,B,4.The news _ surprise

17、d everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that 6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether C. th

18、at D. which,A,C,C,_ 等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而 _等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。,Whoever,whatever,Who, what,What , who VS whatever, whoever,3.选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever,1._ was said here must be kept secret. 2. _we need is more time. 3._ made the long distance call to him is not important. 4._ breaks the law will