新编英语语法教程第19-22讲

1、非谓语动词,非谓语动词 具有双重性质: 1) 动词性质 have breakfast fast Having breakfast fast is bad for health.,2) 非动词性质,即名词及形容词性质 To see is to believe. The girl standing there is my sister. 非谓语动词的类型 1) 不定式 infinitive 具有名词及形容词性,2) 动名词 gerund 具有名词词性 3) 现在分词 present participle 具有形容词词性 4) 过去分词 past participle 具有形容词词性 具有名词词性的

2、非谓语动词,即不定式,动名词,可作句子主语,宾语,表语等,两者作主语时的差异 1) 不定式强调结果,动名词强调过程 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. 2) 不定式侧重具体某次动作, 动名词指抽象多次动作,To smoke so much is not good for you. Smoking is not good for our health. 3)在含有no, -less 等否定词的句子中,一般都用动名词作真实主语. It is no use asking her advice.,4) 在某些名词或形容词后,用动名词作真实主语. Its

3、 a waste of time discussing such matters. It is worthwhile waiting for another 2 days. a waste of time/ an awful job/ not an easy work/ good / better/ interesting/ fun/ odd/ enjoyable/ worthwhile,5) 在某些名词或形容词后,用不定式作真实主语 It is very important to read aloud in learning a foreign language. It is conside

4、rate of you to give me a hand. important/ easy/ hard/difficult/ nice,clever/ foolish/ wrong/ considerate/ rude/ impolite/ pleasure/ mistake/ pity/ shame/ honor 6) there be句型的一种特殊情况 There be no doing sth. = It is impossible to do sth There is no telling what would be the punishment at the moment.,7)

5、表语和主语应平衡 To live is to struggle. Living is struggling. 非谓语动词作宾语 1) 不定式是 “未发生” 或 “将发生” 而动名词是 “已完成” remember to turn off the light remember turning off the light,2) 部分动词只用不定式作其宾语 aim to/ arrange to/ ask to/ afford to/ agree to/ apply to/ beg to/ claim to/ choose to/ dare to/ decide to/ decline to/ dem

6、and to/ desire to/ determine to/ endeavor to/ expect to/ pretend to/ proceed to/ promise to/ refuse to/ request to/ resolve to/ seek to/ strive to/ swear to/ undertake to/ volunteer to/ wish to,He expected to see him at once. I cant afford to buy a house now. 3)部分动词只用动名词作宾语 acknowledge/ admit/ advis

7、e/ advocate/ allow/ anticipate/ appreciate/ avoid/ complete/ confess/ consider/ contemplate,defer/ delay/ deny/ detest/ endure/ enjoy/ escape/ evade/ excuse/ fancy/ forbid/ favor/ finish/ imagine/ include/ involve/ justify/ mention/ mind/ miss/ necessitate/ pardon/ permit/ postpone/ practice/ preven

8、t/ quit/ recall/ renounce/ require/ resent/ resume/ risk/ stand/ suggest/ warrant/ cant help,I cant help laughing. I try to avoid meeting her. 4) 既可接不定式，又可接动名词作宾语的动词 like / dislike / love / hate / prefer / begin / start / forget / continue / cease / attempt / propose / want / need / remember / regre

9、t / neglect,deserve / cant bear 有的意义略有差别 I scorn telling lies.(抽象行为) I scorn to tell a lie.(某次行为) 有的意义相差明显 remember I remember seeing her once somewhere.,You must remember to write to me often. regret I regret missing the film.(已经错过) I regret to say that I cannot come.(将要说),I propose staying there t

10、ill next day.(提议) I propose to stay there for a few days.(打算) try They tried solving the problem in a new way.(已经尝试),They tried to solve the problem in a new way.(试图准备) 5) 主动表被动的动名词常用在下列几个动词后 require / need / want / deserve Does your car require mending? The flat is dirty. It needs cleaning.,6) 有些动词

11、后可用疑问词带不定式作宾语 consider / decide / explain / forget / know / tell / remember / wonder I have to consider where to go. Can you decide which county to invest to.,7) 动名词的复合结构,物主代词限定动名词,如果不是所属关系,代词用宾格和属格皆可 Do you mind my making a suggestion? Pardon me saying it. She forgave him doing it.,三. 非谓语动词作状语 1.不定

12、式通常作目的状语,分词一般不作目的状语 Many farmers left home to seek job in big cities. When he was young, he went to Japan to study medicine.,2.时间和伴随状语一般用分词,不定式不用作时间状语 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. 3. 原因状语一般由Being 和Seeing that引导,Being sick, I s

13、tayed at home. Seeing that it was raining, he took an umbrella. Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 四. 非谓语动词作定语 不定式作定语,通常代表动作未完成,I have a lot of work to do. 现在分词作定语,代表正进行或主动 a sleeping child 过去分词作定语,表已完成或被动,the door unlocked 动名词作定语,常用来表示功能 a sleeping child a sleeping car 常见的

14、动名词作定语的结构 an opening speech,drinking water drawing paper reading material working method walking stick operating table,1.环境污染是一项难以应付的问题。 A： 2.时间紧迫，我们必须马上动身。 A：,Environmental pollution is a hard problem to be coped with.,There is no time to lose. We must start at once.,3.这是一种必须在几年之内加以消灭的传染病。 A： 4.听不到

15、有什么声音。 A： 5. 我已经在这里呆了两天，没有什么可看的了。,This is an infectious disease to be wiped out in a few years.,There was no sound to be heard.,A： 6.这是一本好书，有许多值得学习的东西。 A： 7.这是一则不可对任何人说的情报。,Ive spent 2 days here. There is nothing to see.,This is a good book in which there is much to be learnt.,A： 8.这是一个难以解答的问题。 A： 9

16、.听见窗外有脚步声，我便轻手轻脚走出室外，但什么也没看见。,This is an item of information not to say to any other person.,This is a difficult question to answer.,A： 10.他可是一个需要认真对待的人. A: 11. 她坚决拒绝接受他的求婚。 A：,At the sound of footsteps outside the window, I stole out of the room, but there was nothing to be seen.,He is a man to be

17、reckoned with.,She was firm in her refusal to accept his offer of marriage.,12. 我已接受邀请到他们学校去交流经验。 A： 13.我需要一只盛放棋子的盒子。 A： 14. 有什么可以骄傲的呢? A:,I have accepted the invitation to go to their school for an exchange of experience.,I need a box to hold the chessmen.,What is there to be proud of?,15. 他总是认为床上是看侦探小说的好地方。 A： 16. 我每天都有许多问题需要加以考虑。 A：,He always thinks that the bed is a good place to read detective stories.,Every day I have a lot of questions to