2012年高考英语重点难点专题透析：第9专题 介词和介词短语

1、,第9专题 介词和介词短语,高考考点,命题趋势,备考策略,介词和介词短语是高考英语中较重要的一个考查点,主要涉及常用介词的用法区别,介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配,介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等。命题形式主要有单项填空、完形填空、语法填空、短文改错等。2009年全国各地高考试卷在单项填空中考查介词和介词短语共计11题;2010年共计12题;2011年共计12题。,命题趋势,备考策略,高考考点,高考主要考查介词的词义辨析以及介词与其他词性的搭配辨析。关于介词和介词短语的考点,考纲要求考生掌握以下几个方面:(1)常见介词的用法及辨析;(2)介词与其他词性所构成的一些短语;(3)在定

2、语从句中介词的使用情况。,一、考查介词的基本用法和辨析,高考试题中常考的介词有in, on, at, for, to, by, after, before, about, over, above, with, without, under, beyond, through, throughout, against, among, between, besides, except等。命题主要考查考生在具体的句子语境中分析理解介词在其中的含义以及介词之间的区别。,命题趋势,备考策略,高考考点,1.This shop will be closed for repairsfurther notice.

3、2011全国,A.withB.untilC.forD.at,答案与解析B考查介词的用法。until further notice意思是“直至另行通知”。with“带有;具有”; for“为了”;at“在”。句意:这家商店将停业进行维修,直至另行通知。,命题趋势,备考策略,高考考点,2.Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy the past couple of weeks. 2011山东,A.beyondB.withC.amongD.over,答案与解析D考查介词的用法。beyond“超出”;with“具有”;among“在之间”;

4、over“在期间”。over the past+时间段,常与现在完成时态连用。句意:对不起,我没有给你打电话,在过去的几周里我一直很忙。,命题趋势,备考策略,高考考点,3.Nick, its good for you to read some books China before you start your trip there.2011四川,A.in B.for C.of D.on,答案与解析D考查介词的用法。on此处意为“关于;有关”。句意:尼克,在你开始旅行之前阅读一些关于中国的书对你有益处。,4.He was a good student and scored average in

5、most subjects. 2011天津,A.below B.of C.on D.above,答案与解析D below average意为“在平均水平之下”;on average意为“按平均来说”;above average意为“在平均水平之上”。根据句意可知选择D项。句意:他是一个好学生,而且大多数学科的得分都在平均水平之上。,命题趋势,备考策略,高考考点,5.I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained.2011浙江,A.on B.for C.by D.of,答案与解析B考查介词的用法。for此处表示目的,意为“为了”。句中the

6、 job为先行词,在定语从句中作介词for的宾语。,6.Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read the library. 2011重庆,A.in B.for C.by D.from,答案与解析D从图书馆往家带,应用from。句意:Shirley是一个非常喜欢读书的人,他经常从图书馆借书拿回家阅读。,命题趋势,备考策略,高考考点,二、考查介词与名词、形容词等的搭配,(1)常见的和介词搭配的名词:与to搭配的有key, answer, visit, apology, introduction等;与in搭配的有

7、interest, satisfaction, expert等;与on搭配的有mercy, congratulation, effect, influence等;与其他介词搭配的有prize for, respect for, victory over, struggle with等。,(2)常见的和介词的搭配形容词:与at搭配的有angry, good, bad, clever, surprised, excited, puzzled, frightened等;与of搭配的有afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等;与w

8、ith搭配的有angry, strict, careful, busy, popular等;与in搭配的有weak, strict, rich, interested, successful, slow等;与to搭配的有next, good, polite, kind, cruel, rude, known, married, close, similar, due等;与for搭配的有sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious, hungry等;与from搭配的有far, different, free, safe, absent, tired等。,命题

9、趋势,备考策略,高考考点,7.Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek food safety problems. 2011安徽,A.in B.to C.on D.after,答案与解析B考查介词的用法。to food safety problems作为answers的后置定语,被句子的谓语动词隔开了,因此增加了此题的难度。句意:有些时候,对于食品安全问题的答案并不难找到。,三、考查介词短语的辨析,介词短语就是以介词为主再加上其他词性构成的短语。高考对介词短语的考查也频频出现。常见的介词短语有:according to, because of,

10、as a result of, at the mercy of, at the sight of, by means of, by the way of, due to, far from, in addition to, in advance of, in celebration of, in case of, in search of, in place of, in need of, in charge of, in praise of, in spite of, in the course of, in honour / memory of, instead of, in favour

11、 of, on,命题趋势,备考策略,高考考点,account of, owing to, other than, thanks to, under the condition that, under the control of, within the reach of, along with, apart from, regardless of, together with, up to, except for, but for, with regard to, in return, in vain, in store, in conclusion, in turn等。,8.good ser

12、vice, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. 2011福建,A.Far from B.Apart from,C.Instead of D.Regardless of,答案与解析B考查介词短语的用法。apart from“除之外(别无);除之外(尚有)”,在此处相当于besides。far from “远非”;instead of “而不是”;regardless of “不顾”,均不符合题意。句意:除了优质的服务,这家餐馆还供应各种福建传统菜肴。,命题趋势,备考策略,高考考点,9.When a

13、sked about their opinion about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step asideyounger men.2011湖北,A.in terms of B.in need of,C.in favor of D.in praise of,答案与解析C根据step aside可判断老师们想支持年轻人而想校长让位,因此选择in favor of“赞成;支持;有利于”。in terms of“就而论”;in need of“需要”;in praise of“赞扬”。句意:当被问及对他们校长的看法时,许多老师更想他能让位以有利于年轻人。,命题趋势,备考策略,高考考点,10.Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens.2011四川,A.touch B.sight C.reac