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1、禾沐教育暑期精品班英语讲义(八) 现在进行时【NO.1】定义:现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。一现在进行时的构成:am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式;v-ing现在分词的构成: 一般情况 +ingfalling以不发音字母e结尾的单词去e, +ing having以重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时.双写词尾字母+ingputting有一些特殊变化(或者说以ie为结尾的重读闭音节的动词)的现在分词:lyinglie, dying die tyingtie 这些以ie结尾要去e再把i变y再加ing什么是音

2、节?闭音节?重读闭音节? 1. 英语单词是由字母组成的,字母构成音节。一般来讲有一个元音就是一个音节。含一个元音的词叫作单音节词,含两个或两个以上元音的单词叫作双音节或多音节词。单音节词都是重读音节,双音节和多音节词中一般有一个重读音节,其他的是弱读音节。2. 闭音节:闭音节是两个辅音中间有一个元音的音节。例如:not,thank,ten,am,six等。 3. 重读闭音节是需要重读的闭音节,如果是单音节一定重读,但是重读符号省略;如果是多音节,一定有一个需要重读。重读闭音节(辅音1+元音+辅音2)中的辅音2在构词法中要双写,如果不重读,如listen中的第二个音节ten(闭音节)中的n就不用

3、双写,因为重读在第一个音节lis上。二现在进行时的基本用法1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作 常和now连用,有时用一个动词如look(看)、listen(听)来表示now(现在)这一时间概念。 Look!A train is coming. 看!火车来了。 Listen!He is playing the piano. 听!他在弹钢琴。2. 表示现阶段正在进行着的动作 但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present(目前)、this week(本周)、these days(这几天)等时间状语连用。 What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课

4、了?(说话时并不在学)3. 现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作即是说可以用来代替将来时,但此时,一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用,而且仅限于少量动词。如:go(去)、come(来)、leave(离开)、start(开始)、arrive(到达)、return(返回)、sleep(睡觉)、 Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow?你明天去天津吗? How many of you are Coming to the party next week? 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会? 4. be going to+动词原形这一句型表示即将发生的事或打算(

5、准备)做的事,我们把它归在将来时里了。 she isnt going to speak at the meeting. 她不打算在会议上发言。注意:如果没有表示将来时间的状语,此类句子就可能指现在或现阶段的动作。 Where are you going next week? 下周你计划去哪儿?用现在进行时表示将来时,因为有next week(下周)这一时间状语。 Where are you going?你现在去哪儿?因为没有表示将来时的时间状语,所以就按句型来翻译,即现在进行时。5. 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别一般现在时表示经常性的动作;而现在进行时表示暂时性的动作。 He walks to

6、 work. 他步行上班。(习惯、经常性的动作) Hes walking to work because his bike is being repaired. 他现在走着上班,因为他的自行车正在修理。(只是暂时的情况)Where does he live? 他家住在哪儿?(询问一般的情况)Where is he living(staying)? 他这几天住在哪儿?(询问暂时一段时间的情况)6. 现在进行时有时可用来代替一般现在时,表达说话人的某种感情,使句子有强烈的感情色彩。常与always,forever连用。 You are always forgetting the important

7、 thing. 你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪) Mary is doing fine work at school. 玛丽在学校学习得挺不错。三.现在进行时几种句型用法: 陈述句(肯定句) 主语be(am, is, are)+现在分词,如:I am reading English. 我正在读英语。 He is writing. 他正在写字。You are running. 你正在跑步。 一般疑问句 Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语现在分词,如:1. -Are you singing? 你正在唱歌吗?-Yes, I am. 是的,我在唱歌。 (No, Im not. 不,我不在

8、唱歌。)2. -Is he (she) listening to music? 他(她)在听音乐吗?-Yes, he (she) is. 是的,他(她)在听音乐。No, he (she) isnt. 不,他(她)不在听音乐。 特殊疑问句 疑问词be (am, is, are)主语现在分词,如: 1. -What are you doing? 你正在干什么? -I am doing my homework. 我正在做作业。 2. -What is he (she) doing? 他(她)正在干什么? -He (She) is riding a bike. 他(她)正在骑自行车。否定句主语be(a

9、m, is, are)not+现在分词I am not reading English我不在读英语。【注】这里的现在分词指的是v-ing形式;像look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在) 常出现在现在进行时态句子中。请看: 1.Look! Jack is swimming. 看!杰克正在游泳。2.Listen! She is singing. 听!她正在唱歌。3.I am cleaning my room now. 现在我正在打扫房间。【NO.2】现在进行时专练:一按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句: 一般疑问句:_肯定回答:_否定回

10、答:_划线提问:_2.造句。1).she, the window, open, now. (用现在进行时连词成句.) .2).is, who, the window, cleaning? (连词成句) .3).She is closing the door now. (改成否定句) .4.)You are doing your homework. (用I作主语改写句子) .5).they, the tree, sing, now, under. (用现在进行时连词成句.) .6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman. (改成一般疑问句) .

11、二单项选择( )1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby. (B)Im look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby.( )2._friends making _a kite. (A)I, me (B)My, my (C)My, me (D)His, his( )3.Is the woman wearing_ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having(

12、)4.Look!The twins_ their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking( )5._are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where( )6.Is she_ something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do?

13、(C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?( )8.What are you listening_? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to( )9.我正在听他说话. (A)I listening to him. (B)Im listening to him. (C)Im listen to him. (D)Im listening him.( )10.They are_ their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on( )11.Listen! She_ in the

14、classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing( )12.Today Jim_ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing( )13._are you eating? Im eating_ meat. (A)What, some (B)Which, any (C)Where, not (D)What, a( )14.They_TV in the evening. They do their homework.

15、(A)are watching (B)cant watching (C)dont watch (D)dont watching ( )15.The children_ football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他们喜欢放风筝. (B)他们在放风筝吗? (C)他们在放风筝. (D)他们常放风筝. ( )17.-Look,They are swimming in the river.-I want_ you. (A)to go with (B)go with

16、 (C)helping (D)help ( )18.Look.Lucy is_ a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing三用现在进行时完成下列句子。1.What_you_(do)? 2.I_(sing) an English song.3.What_he_(mend)? 4.He_(mend) a car.5.-_you_(fly) a kite? -Yes,_.6._she_(sit) in the boat? 7._you_(ask) questions?8.We_(play) games now.【NO.3】

17、基数词和序数词的用法表示数目和顺序的词叫做数词。数词又分基数词和序数词,基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。 一. 基数词的构成和用法 1.基数词:表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下:(1)从110 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten(2)从 1119 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen, nineteen 这里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,

18、seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。 (3)从 2199 整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“” 。 2199 的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符“”。例: 21 twentyone 32thirtytwo 98 ninetyeight 99ninetynine (4)百位数:个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and 101999的三位数

19、,百位数和后面的数之间用连词and,百、千等数词一律用单数形式。例: 101 one hundred and one 225 two hundred and twenty five 999 nine hundred and ninetynine (5)千位数以上:从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。 例: 2,648 two thousand six hundred and for

20、ty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four (6)基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。There are hundreds

21、 of people in the hall大厅里有数以百计的人。 Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。有时两个复数形式的基数词连用可写为: hundreds of thousands of , tens of hundreds of 等。 They went to the theatre in twos and threes他们三三两两地来到了剧院。2.基数词的用法 作主语。

22、例: Ten is a very important number 十是一个很重要的数字。 Two and three are (is) five 2加3等于5。 作定语。例: One kilometer is equal to two li 1公里等于2华里。 She has three brothers 她有三个兄弟。 作宾语。例: I wanted three but he gave me five 我想要三个,但他给了我五个。 I get up before six every day 我每天六点之前起床。 作表语。例: What time is it?几点钟啦? Its ten 十点

23、。 3.疑难点 hundred,thousand和million在合成数词中一般用单数形式,但是用来表示不定数目时,用作复数形式。 Hundreds of workers will go on strike Thousands of people are swimming in the river 此时 hundred,thousand等词前没有数词修饰,且通常其复数形式与of 连用。二. 序数词的构成与用法 1.序数词的构成 一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例: four th fourth six th sixth seven th seventh ten th tenth 下面

24、这些基数词在变为序数词时,有特殊的变化。例: one first two second three third five fifth eight eighth nine ninth twelve twelfth 十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i,然后再加eth。例: twenty twentieth thirty thirtieth forty fortieth ninety ninetieth 两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。例: twentyone twentyfirst thirtyfive thirtyfifth a hundred and fi

25、ftythree a hundred and fiftythird 2.序数词的用法 序数词在使用时,一般加上定冠词。例: the first book the second floor the third day the fourth week 序数词在多数情况下都用作定语,有的也可以作表语、主语和宾语。例: The may 1st is Labour Day 五月一日是劳动节。 My room is on the second floor 我的房间在二楼。 The first is larger than the second (主语) 第一个比第二个大。 Read the book fr

26、om the first(宾语) 从开头读这本书。 Youll be the sixth to write (表语) 你将是第六个写的。 序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词,用来表示“再一”,“又一”的意思。例: You may have a third try 你可以第三次尝试。 3.时间表示法 时间都由基数词表示。例: Its nine 现在九点。 Its not five yet 还不到五点。 有时后面要加oclock,但在口语中通常省略。 几点几分表示法有两种形式。 A.倒读法:与汉语顺序不同,先读“分”后说“点”。30分钟以内,用“分钟数”past “ 钟点数”表示“几点过几分”,超过30

27、分钟,用“分钟数” to “下一个钟点数”表示“差几 分到几点”。15分钟也可以用a quarter,30分钟也可以用a half。例: 2:15 a quarter past two 2:45 a quarter to three 1:55 five to two 7:05 five past seven 5:35 thirty five past five 9:30 half past nine 只有指几点钟整时才用oclock,如ten oclock,但不可以说seven past ten oclock B.顺读法:与汉语顺序相同,连用两个基数词,第一个表示“点钟”,第二个表示“分钟”。

28、例: 5:40 five forty 2:30 two thirty 1:15 one fifteen 这时的15和30不能用a quarter, a half代替。 4.日期表示法 年的读法:用基数词,分成两位一读。例: 1949 nineteen fortynine 1840 eighteen forty 月份的名称要大写。例: January February March April 日期用序数词表示,前面可加the,也可以省略。例: 5月4日 May (the) fourth 10月1日 October (the) first 年、月、日的顺序:在英语中, 按月、日、年的顺序来读。例:

29、 1949年10月1日 October (the) first nineteen fortynine 1999年5月1日 May (the) first nineteen ninetynine 表示在“在某年、在某月”用介词in,如in2000,in September,表示“在某日”用介词on,如on July 8。 5.编号的读法 表示“第几课(部分,章或节)”时,用序数词时,前面一定要加冠词;用基数词时,不用冠词,但 语序与汉语相反。例: lesson one the first lesson part three the third part 当数字较长时,通常用基数词。例: 第219

30、页 page 219 (two one nine) 第306号房间 room 306 (three o six) 第六路公共汽车 bus number six 电话号码 885316 telephone number885316 (eight eight five three one six) 6.倍数的用法 The train arrived half an hour late 火车晚到了半个小时。 half 是形容词。 He has three times as many books as I have 他的书有我的三倍多。 “的几倍”的说法,两倍用twice,注意表示倍数的词在句中的位置

31、。【NO.4】完型+阅读:完形填空。 MrWang teaches English in a middle schoo1He likes his work 26 He wanted to be a teacher even when he 27 a young boy In his English lesson,MrWang 28 teaches poemsHe likes poems a lot,and he likes Shakespeares poems 29 of all In his fifth class today, MrWang taught a poemHe wrote th

32、e poem on the 30 and read itAs soon as he finished 31 the poem,the students began to ask questionsHe answered all the questionsThen he told his students to talk about the poem 32 one wanted to stop when the bell rang 33 home,MrWang thought about the fifth classHe was happy about what he did as a tea

33、cherEvery one of his students 34 the poemWhen they started to talk,they forgot about the timeHe did not have to ask them 35 He only had to answer the questions and help them understand the poem26Avery many Btoo many Cvery much Dtoo much27Awas Bis Cwere Dare28Anever Bever Csometimes Dseldom29Abetter

34、Bworse Cwell Dbest30Adesk Bwall Cchair Dblackboard31Areading Bto read Cread Ddoing32ANot BNo CHave no DAny33ABy the way BTo his way COn his way DIn the Way34Aliked Bworked Cread Dwanted35Alearning Bto learn Clearn DLearnt阅读理解。 B What do we do when we go to camp? First,we work out a planWe take food,

35、 clothing,aknife,and things for cooking and eatingWe take things to keep us away from insects and the sun Then we put everything into the car and we drive to the woodsWe look for a place for campers and we look for a good place for our tentThe place should have a lot of moving airThis will keep some

36、 insects awayHigh land with water on both sides of it is goodThen we put up our tentWe put everything into the tent,and we are ready for funWe can swim in the lake,walk in the woods,climb a mountain,row a boat,or go fishing. In the evening,we come back to the tentWe build a big fire because it can k

37、eep the insectsawayWe sit around the fire and talkWe may tell interesting stories or we may sing songs。 At night we lie down on the grassWe can look up at the starsIt is a busy day, so we try togo to sleep early Everything is darkEverything is quiet。We hope we wont hear music from the radio in thene

38、xt tentWe hope it wont rain39Before going to camp we should first Awork out a plan Btake some food Ctake things to keep us warm Dtake something for cooking and eating40We go to camp Aby bus Bby car Cby bike Don foot41Campers can take part in activities Aone or two Bonly a few Cmany Dtwo or three42In the evening we build a fire because Ait is cold at night Bit can keep us warm Cit can keep the insects away Dit is dark and quiet C MrSmile changed his jobHe and his wife moved to another townThey did not have many friends there,but they soon met a lot of interesting peopleAfter a f

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