2015在职联考英语重点语法 考研英语(二)写作解析

1、2015在职硕士联考英语 重点语法考点,李纹 编,题型分析,1. 名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法； Nice words may win friends, but only ones good personality can hold _ . A. it B. those C. that D. them 2. 动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法； Reporters rushed to the airport after the CNN reported that nine passengers _ by a terrorist on the plane. A. were holding B

2、. held C. had held D. were being held,3. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法； The museums new building will have _ the exhibition space as before. A. three times B. three times like C. three times as D. three times larger By 2050 the world will have about 2 billion people aged over 60, three times _ today. A. as

3、much as B. as that of C. as many as D. as those of,4. 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法； The matter _ , we decided to proceed to the next program on the agenda. A. was settled B. settled C. had been settled D. had settled 5. 虚拟语气的构成及其用法； As a result of the busy work, he found less time than he _ for his hobb

4、ies. A. must have hoped B. had hoped C. should have hoped D. has hoped,6. 各类从句的构成及其用法； About fifty million Americans are active in _ is called fitness walking. A. that B. which C. what D. something The journalist feels he has a responsibility to ensure _ the customers are not misled. A. whether B. s

5、o that C. as if D. that,7. 强调句型的结构及其用法； It was _ the chief engineer came _ we began the experiment. A. not until; that B. not until; then C. until; that D. until; when 8. 常用倒装句的结构及其用法。 Scarcely _ those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth. A. had he uttered B. d

6、id he utter C. he had uttered D. he did utter,考点一 非谓语动词,概念：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有谓语外其他语法功能 的动词。 种类：动词不定式（to do）表示将来的动作； 动名词（doing）相当于名词； 现在分词（doing）表示主动和进行； 过去分词（done）表示被动和完成。 注意：做题时看句中有几个动词，如已有谓语动词且句中无连 接词，则需使用非谓语动词，并选择其正确形式。另需 记忆教材中的固定搭配，并做习题加以巩固。,考点二 复合句,概念：复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或 连词引出，否则复合句不成立。其中连词既起连

7、接主句 和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，又在从句中充 当一定的成分，有一定的意义。 注意：复合句中连接词的选择是考查的焦点，也就是说需通过 分析主句和从句之间的关系来确定其属于哪种从句（定 语从句、名词性从句、状语从句三类），然后再根据各 从句连接词的特点做出正确选择。参考教材基础语法课 件里的各从句综合分析。,考点三 时态和语态,注意：做题时参考教材和动词时态动画课件。,时态题技巧： 1、如果题中有by the end of this year/month/week, by.next year.之类的词，就选will have done 结构。 2、如果题中有by the end of

8、last year/month/week, by.last year.之类的词，就选had done 结构。 3、如果句子中有now,at the moment,首选be doing结构， 次选一般现 在时或完成时。,考点四 倒装结构,He beats a girl. 全部倒装：Beats he a girl. 部分倒装：Does he beat a girl. 参考教材弄清楚何时该全部倒装，何时该部分倒装。,考点五 虚拟语气,概念：用来表示非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事 实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。 1. 虚拟语气在if条件句的使用： 1）与现在事实相反：If .di

9、d(were)., .should/would/might/could do 2）与过去事实相反： If .had done., .should/would/might/could have done. 3）与将来事实相反： If .did/should do/were to do., .should/././could do 注：如条件句中含有were,had或should，可将if省略，然后将 were,had或should移至主语之前。 如：Should there be a flood, what should we do? = If there should be a flood,

10、what should we do?,2. wish 与现在事实相反：sb. wish.did. 与过去事实相反：sb. wish.had done. 与将来事实相反：sb. wish.would/should do 3. 表命令、意愿、建议的动词作谓语时，以及这些动词各种词性的派生词引导从句时，谓语动词也需要用虚拟语气。 sb. insist/suggest that . (should) do . 但insist表“坚持要求”，suggest表“暗示”时，从句不再用虚拟语气。,4. 某些表吃惊、正常、重要等形容词引导从句时，从句中谓语动词需用“should do”,should可省略。如：

11、surprising, natural, normal, usual, unusual, essential, important, necessary。如： It is natural that everyone (should) hope to realize his own dream. = It is natural for everyone to hope to . 5. 下列连词引导状语从句时，从句中谓语动词有时要用虚拟形式，其形式同if 条件句，even if/even though, as if/as though, lest, for fear that, in case,

12、supposing, otherwise。 如： He is sitting there silently, as if he were dumb.,6. 下列介/副词常用来引导让步假设或转折假设，其主句要用虚拟语气，形式同if条件句中的主句, but for, without /with,but, given。如： Fish would not live without water. I would not have finished the task on time without your help. 7. 下列固定句型中需要使用虚拟语气 Its (high, about) time t

13、hat . did. would rather that . did. if only . did. 如：Its high time that he stopped smoking. If only he knew our telephone number!,考点六 其他,1. 强调结构 1）It is(was) + 被强调部分+that(who)+句中其他成分。 该强调结构不能用来强调谓语动词和表语。 2）特殊疑问词+is(was) + it + that + 句子 ? 该结构也起强调作用，表“究竟在哪里”、“到底是 谁”等，如: Where was it (that) you saw th

14、e man ? 3）谓语动词前用dodoesdid表示强调，在肯定句中可以 用do强调谓语部分，可译为“务必”、“一定”、“ 真的”、“ 确实”等，后面加动词原形。如： He does like to eat noodles. He does be a teacher.,2. with的复合结构 （即with +宾语+宾语补足语）在句子中作状语，可表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。其中宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。 1) He was asleep with his head on his arms. 2) All the a

15、fternoon he worked with the door locked. 3) He lay in bed with his head covered. 4) With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes. 5) I cant go out with all these dishes to wash. 6) With John away, weve got more room. 7) Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.,3. 倍数表达法 1）A + be

16、+ 倍数 + as + 计量形容词原级 + as + B Asia is four times as large as Europe. 2）A + be + 倍数 + 计量形容词比较级 + than + B This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 3）A + be + 倍数 + the + 计量名词 + of + B This street is four times the length of that one. 4）The + 计量名词 + of + A + be + 倍数 + that + of + B In this wor

17、kshop, the output of July was 4.5 times that of January.,5）其他 Im twice/double his age. 我的年龄是他的两倍。 Ive paid five times the usual price for the stamp. 我以5倍于往常的价格买了这枚邮票。 The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year. 与去年相比，该单位职工的收入增加了50%。 The price of TVs are

18、twofold down over these years. 近几年来，电视机的价格减少了两倍。,4. 比较结构 1）原级比较：as.as; not as.as; the same.as 2）比较级：A + 比较级 + than + B 特殊结构：the more.the more (越.越.) more and more 越来越 3）以拉丁文-ior结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to而不 是than，即superior, inferior, senior, junior, major, minor, anterior, prior, posterior，如be superior to。 4）

19、the + 最高级 + in . (表示地方) the + 最高级 +of . (表示所属关系和人物比较) 5）在more.than结构中，than有时可看作关系代词，相 当于than what . 。,6）惯用句式及其含义： more than 不仅是，非常，十分 Modern science is more than a large amount of information. Dont bite off more than you can chew. more.than. 与其说.不如说，不是.而是. This book seems to be more a manual than a text. no more than 只有，不过，仅仅（强调少） I can no more do that than anyone else. not more than 不超过 The girl was not more than 5 when she lost her mum. no more.than A与B都不.，不.也不(消极否定) Dr Hu is no more