考博写作语言.ppt

1、写作语言,写作语言,词汇：词汇的宽度；即词汇的面，多变化，一定不能出现重复的词。词汇的难度。基础差的同学得分：词汇的难度可能作不到，但词汇的宽度可以贯彻写作意识。第一档：没有词汇概念第二档：有意识的换掉重复的词第三档：挑战词汇的难度,写作语言,句子结构：（语法）句子结构的精确性；句子结构的复杂性句型的开端多变化（种种方式）包含从句（状语从句，定语从句，同位语从句，非谓语动词等）第一档：没有语法概念，低级错误一大堆第二档：句子结构没有什么错误，但多为简单句第三档：努力做复杂句子结构，学会用句型去包装,写作语言(Exercises),词汇的多样性不要总是以有生命的名词和人称代词开头不要千篇一律地使

2、用主动语态注意使用书面语言不过分依赖动词，学会用名词来表达意思。不要总是使用肯定句，注意双重否定=肯定,写作语言(Exercises)-1,如要表示“使”不要仅靠make;1.社会拒绝给妇女以平等的权利。a)Thissocietystillmakeswomenunabletoenjoyequalrights.b)Womenarestilldenied（否认，拒绝给某人）equalrights.2.这件小事情使我想起了过去的一段经历。a)Theincidentmademerecalloneofmypastexperiences.b)Theincidentremainedmeofoneofmypa

3、stexperiences.,写作语言(Exercises)-1,如要表达“越来越”，不要只使用moreandmore：a)MoreandmorestudentsfindlearningEnglishhasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.b)Studentsingrowingnumbersfindlearninghasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.c)Hearttransplantingsurgeriesarebecomingincreasinglycommonplace.a)Moreandmoreteenagerssmokecigarettes

4、inrecentyears.b)Teenagesmokingisontheriseinrecentyears.a)Moreandmoreteachersaredemandedwiththedevelopmentofeconomy.b)Thereisanincreasingdemandforteacherswiththedevelopmentofeconomy.,写作语言(Exercises)-1,如要表达“大多数”。不要一味用most：a)Moststudenttakeapart-timejobafterclass.b)Thevastmajorityofstudentstakeapart-ti

5、mejobafterclass.a)Mostpeopletakepartinsportsofdifferentkinds.b)Theconsiderableproportionofpeopletakepartinsportsofdifferentkinds.a)Mostcollegestudentstakeanegativeattitudetowardssmoking.b)Thelargepercentageofcollegepopulationtakeanegativeattitudetowardssmoking.,写作语言(Exercises)-1,如要用“不仅而且”不要只用notonly

6、.butalso：a)Thefactorsforariseinteenagesmokingisnotonlysocialbutalsopsychological.（什么方面在增长的因素）b)Thefactorsforariseinteenagesmokingispsychologicalaswellassocial.a)Oldpeoplegotoparknotonlytodoexercisebutalsotomakefriends.b)Oldpeoplegotoparkasmuchforcompanionshipasforexercise.,写作语言(Exercises)-1,有人说，写作不是

7、要简练吗？但表达要简练绝不是简单。以下a）句显得不很简练，b）就是真正的简练，但有不流于简单.TheprogressIhavemademakesmesurprised.TheprogressIhavemadesurprisesme.(简练)Thismakesmeconcludethatmoneydoesntmeaneverything.Thisleadsmetotheconclusionthatmoneydoesntmeaneverything.,写作语言(Exercises)-2,、不要总是以有生命的名词和人称代词开头a)Manypeoplethinkbirthcontrolisquiten

8、ecessaryinChina.b)Itiswidely(commonly)thought/believed/held/accepted)thatbirthcontrolisquitenecessaryinChina.a)Moreandmorepeopleagree(realize/areaware)thatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.b)Thereisagrowingagreement(realization/awareness)thatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.,写作语言(Exercises)-2,a

9、)ManyChinesepeoplehavegonetotheU.S.inthepast15years.b)Thepast15yearshavebroughtmanyChinesepeopletotheU.S.a)Studentsshouldcertainlymakecontinuousefforts.b)Continuouseffortsonthepartofstudentsarecertainlyrequired.onthepartof=ofa)Weeasilydrewtheconclusionthroughtheinvestigation.b)Theinvestigationeasily

10、ledustotheconclusion.,写作语言(Exercises)-3,、不要千篇一律的使用主动态a)Wemaythinkmoreoftheelderlywholiveapartfromtheirchildren.b)Morethoughtsmaybegiventotheelderlywholiveapartfromtheirchildren.,写作语言(Exercises)-4,、不要总是用ifbecausethen这样的句子，口语味道太浓,要注意使用书面英语。a)Ifyoucomparebicycleswithcarscarefully,youwillfindbicyclesare

11、superiortocars.b)Carefulcomparisonofbicycleswithcarswillshowthesuperiorityoftheformeroverthelatter.（作为单词来记）a)Ifweonlyapplybookknowledge,wewillnotgetgoodresults.b)Theapplicationofbookknowledgealonewontbringyougoodresults.,写作语言(Exercises)-4,a)Ifwecanbetterunderstandthegreaterpressureofpopulationgrowth

12、,wewillhaveacorrectattitudetowardsfamilyplanning.b)Abetterunderstandingofthegreaterpressureofpopulationgrowthisessentialtoacorrectattitudetowardsfamilyplanning.（套话）,写作语言(Exercises)-5,、不要对动词过分依赖，要学会用名词结构来表达意思。a)Thestyleoflivinghasbecomemoreandmore(=increasingly)popularandacceptedbymoreandmore(=growin

13、g)youngpeople.b)Thestyleoflivinghasfounditsgrowingpopularityandacceptanceamongyoungpeople.,写作语言(Exercises)-5,a)IfwearewatchingtoomuchTV,ourreadingabilitywillbeseriouslyaffected.b)HeavyexposuretoTVwillexertannegativeeffectonoutreadingability.a)Ifwedontrecognizetheseriousproblemofgrowingpopulation,wew

14、illmakeabigmistake.b)Failuretorecognizetheseriousnessofgrowingpopulationwillleadtoabigmistake.,写作语言(Exercises)-6,、不要总是用肯定句来表达，要学会用否定句来表达肯定的意思。即双重否定肯定a)Everyyoungboyandgirlwantstoearnalittlemoneytohelpcoverhighercollegecost.b)Thereishardlyayoungboyorgirlwhodoesntwanttoearnalittlemoneytohelpcoverhighercollegecost.,写作语言(Exercises)-6,a)Wheneveryoupickupanewspaper,youwillalwaysfindadvertisements.b)Itisimpossibletopickupanewspaperwithoutfin