Unit1grammar数词讲解及练习译林版（2024）七年级英语下册

译林版（2024）七年级下册U1grammar数词讲解及练习知识导图数词的主要功能基数词与其序数词分数【数词】分数、倍数与次数倍数基数词的常见考点次数序数词的常见考点知识1数词概述一、数词的主要功能数词有基数词（在课本单词表中标记为num.）和序数词两种。基数词用于计数，序数词用于表示位置或顺序。从语法特征上看,基数词和序数词均可以放于名词前作限定词（如twoboys和thefirsttime）,单独使用时则类似于代词的用法（如“I’lltakethree,please.”和“Hewasthefirsttoarrive.”）;序数词有时也可作副词,用于修饰动词或衔接句子（如“Whocamefirstintherace?”和“First,Ihadtodecidewhattowear.“）。二、基数词与其序数词1.数字0（零）的表达方式:zero、nought、nil或字母0（说号码等时表示）Amillioniswrittenasaonefollowedbysixzeros（zeroes/noughts）.一百万写作一后面跟着六个零。noughtpointsevenfive（英式口语）0.75ManUnitedwonthegamethreenil.（英式英语）曼联三比零赢了比赛。Mynumberissixodoublethree.我的号码是6033。2.100以内的基数词与其序数词数基数词序数词数基数词序数词数基数词序数词数基数词序数词1onefirst11eleveneleventh21twentyonetwentyfirst2twosecond12twelvetwelfth20twenty在基数词的基础上,将y变i加eth(如twentieth)22twentytwotwentysecond3threethird13thirteen在基数词的基础上,在teen后加th(如fifteenth)30thirty33thirtythreethirtythird4fourfourth14fourteen40forty44fortyfourfortyfourth5fivefifth15fifteen50fifty55fiftyfivefiftyfifth6sixsixth16sixteen60sixty66sixtysixsixtysixth7sevenseventh17seventeen70seventy77seventysevenseventyseventh8eighteighth18eighteen80eighty88eightyeighteightyeighth9nineninth19nineteen90ninetyninetynineninetyninth10tententh100onehundredonehundredth基数词变序数词口诀：123单独记，结尾tdd,th四加起，8去t,，9去e，5和12好兄弟，ve要用f替，整十把y变为ieth，如果遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。3.100以上的基数词与其序数词数基数词序数词(只变化最后一位非零数字)101onehundredandoneonehundredandfirst123onehundredandtwentythree…andtwentythird1,000onethousandonethousandth12,345twelvethousand,threehundredandfortyfive…andfortyfifth100,000onehundredthousandonehundredthousandth1,000,000onemilliononemillionth12,345,678twelvemillion,threehundredandfortyfivethousand,sixhundredandseventyeight…andseventyeighth1,000,000,000onebilliononebillionth12,345,678,910twelvebillion,threehundredandfortyfivemillion,sixhundredandseventyeightthousand,ninehundredandten…andtenth注：三位数的读法：基数词+and+几十几或者基数词+and+几四位及以上数字的读法：从右向左三逗开，一“,”千(thousand)，二“,”百万(million)，三“,”十亿(billion)三、基数词的常见用法1.表示概数hundreds/thousands/millionsof数百/千/百万2.表示时刻、年月、世纪等fiveten/tenpastfive五点十分 nineteenninetyeight1998年June20242024年6月 twentycentury20世纪3.表示年龄、时间、距离、长度等Theyhaveaneightmontholdbaby.他们有个八个月大的孩子。（此类复合形容词只作定语）Thisbuildingis100metrestall.这栋楼一百米高。（此类词组常作表语）4.表示时间段和年龄段thenineteenforties（1940s/1940’s）20世纪40年代inone'sfifties在某人五十多岁时5.表示编号Class8,Grade9九年级八班Room802802室No.1MiddleSchool第一中学四、序数词的常见用法1.序数词通常前面要加定冠词the，除非前面已有形容词性物主代词Thesixthgirlontheleftismycousin.左边第六个女孩是我的表妹。Istillremembermyfirstdayofschool.我仍然记得我上学的第一天。2.“不定冠词+序数词”表示“又一，再一”TheyhaveasecondhomeinItaly.他们在意大利还有一个家。3.年、月、日中“日”的表达方法onMay13th,20134.“the/形容词性物主代词+序数词（+n.）+todosth.“表示”第几个做某事（的人/事物）Heisalwaysthefirsttogettoschool.他总是第一个到学校。知识2分数、倍数与次数一、分数的表达(口诀：子基母序，分子大于1，分母加s)分数的表达:分子是基数词或a,分母是序数词或half/quarter。如果分子大于1,序数词要用复数。1/2a/onehalf1/3a/onethird(或onethird)1/4a/onequarter(或a/onefourth)3/4threequarters/threefourths二、倍数词与倍数表达1.倍数词的构成:两倍是twice,其他均由"数词+times"组成,如threetimes。（不存在"一倍"的说法,"多一倍"即是两倍）2.常见的倍数结构（1）倍数词+as+形容词或副词原级+as;（2）倍数词+形容词或副词比较级（如greater,longer,faster）+than;（3）倍数词+the+width/length/breadth/size/…of表达"这个房间是厨房的两倍。":（1）Theroomistwiceaslargeasthekitchen.（2）Theroomistwicelargerthanthekitchen.（3）Theroomistwicethesizeofthekitchen.三、次数的表达次数的表达:once"一次"、twice"两次",其他均由"数词+times"组成（均作副词使用）。Icalledyoutwice.我给你打了两次。数词专项练习一、单项选择()1.Eachyear,_____fishesarekilledbythepollutedwaterandmanypeoplearemadesickbythepollutedair.Soweshoulddosomethingtostopit!A.millionofB.millionsofC.twomillionsD.twomillionsof()2.MyfatherjoinedthePartyin_____whenhewasin_____.A.1950's;twenties B.the1950's;histwentiesC.the1950's;thetwenties D.1950's;thetwenties()3.______oftheteachersintheschoolis300,_____ofthemarewomenteachers.A.Thenumber;firstfourth B.Thenumber;onefourthC.Anumber;onesecond D.Anumber;threequarters()4.Inthepasttwoyears,manytallbuildingshavebeenbuiltinourcity.Thetallestisan_____thatstandsinthecenter.A.80floorbuilding B.60floorbuildingC.80floorbuildings D.70floorsbuilding()5.______ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifth;isD.Twofifths;are()6._____ofthestudentsinourclass_____moneyforthedisabledpeoplenow.A.Twothird;areraising B.Twothirds;israisingC.Twothree;areraising D.Twothirds;areraising()7.Howwasyourweekend?Great!Itwasmygrandfather’s_____birthday.Weenjoyedourselves.A.seventy B.seventieth C.theseventieth D.seventeenth()8.Now,everyone,pleaseturntoPage_____andlookatthe______picture.A.Twelve;fifth B.Twelfth;fifth C.Twelve;five D.Twelfth;five()9.______volunteerswillgiveoutleafletstoaskpeopletoprotectthewetlands.A.Twohundreds B.Hundredsof C.Twohundredof D.Hundredof()10.Thevolunteerssent_____bookstoamountainvillageschoolonChildren’sDay.A.twohundredsofB.twohundredof C.twohundreds D.twohundred()11.Tony'smumlooksyoungandbeautiful.It’shardtoimaginesheisalreadyinher_____.A.fifties B.fifty C.fiftieths D.fiftieth()12.Mum,_______ofmyclassmates______glasses.Oh,myGod.Youneedtoprotectyoureyeswell.A.threefourths;wears B.threefourth;wearC.threefourth;wears D.threefourths;wear()13.–Excuseme,howdoesthisnumber20,135read? –Itreads.A.twentythousandsonehundredandthirtyfiveB.twentythousandonehundredthirtyfiveC.twentythousandonehundredandthirtyfiveD.twentythousandsonehundredthirtyfive()14.Theboycandanceandsingwell.A.fouryearsold B.fouryears’old C.fouryearold D.fouryearsold()15.–Whataretheydiscussing?Themeetinghaslastedfor.–Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.twohourandhalf B.twoandahalfhours C.twoandhalfanhour D.twoandahalfhour()16.Ihavefailedthreetimes,butI’lltrytime.A.other B.theother C.thefourth D.afourth()17.–Whatisonefourthandahalf,doyouknow?–Yes,it’s.A.twosixths B.onethree C.threesixths D.threefourths()18.Shelivesintheroom.A.twelvefeetwideandfifteenfeetlong B.twelvefootwideandfifteenfootlongC.twelvefootwideandfifteenfootlong D.twelvefootswideandfifteenfootslong()19.Heisaboy.Thatistosay,heis.A.fiveyearold,fiveyearold B.fiveyearold,fiveyearsoldC.fiveyearsold,fiveyearsold D.fiveyearsold,fiveyearold()20.It’ssaidthat_______ofthewateraroundtheworld_______polluted.(2013黄石)twothird;has B.twothirds;haveC.twothird;are D.twothirds;is二、词汇运用1.Thisisthe______（第三）timethatIhavebeeninNanjing.2.Hewasborninthe______（ninety）ofthenineteenthcentury.3.Inthe______（nine）centuryinChinawehadpapermoneyforthefirsttime.4.Inhis_____（eighty）,I.M.PeidesignedSuzhouMuseumforhishometown.5.Recently,thereareabout12______（千）pethospitalsinChina,andmanypeoplechoosesmallanimaltreatmentasacareer.6.Thesurvey,carriedoutintheschool,showsthree______（five）oftheteacherswearglasses.7.ToniMorrisonisconsideredasoneofthebestwritersofthe______（二十）century.8.AdocumentaryaboutYanchengwetlandswasshownatthe______（eight）NiceInternationalFilmFestival.9.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,thereare______（四十）twinsamongallthenewbornbabiesinthathospital.10.Heseemstohavea_______（第六）senseforknowingthathisbrotherwillwin.三、完成句子1李平昨晚花了半个小时做功课。_________________LiPing_______________________tofinishhishomeworklastnight.他在第35中学就读。Hestudiesat__________________________________.他有好几百本书，但大多束之高阁。Hehas________________booksbutmostofthemarehungbythewall.六岁的孩子就能上学。Achildcangotoschool_________________________________________.据说这是大本钟第四次停止运转了。Itissaidthatthisis_______________timetheBigBenhasstoppedrunning.国庆节这天，成千上万的人去天安门广场观看升国旗仪式。OnNationalDay,________________peoplegotoTian’anmenSquareandwatchthenationalflaggoup.他家的日常开支占总收入的30%。Theyeverydayexpensemakesup_______________ofthetotalineofhisfamily.我相信他一定会赢得百米赛跑。I’msurehecanwinthe__________race.在足球比赛中，九个队员是不够的