2025年高考英语二轮复习 专题3 完形填空 第3讲 说明文 课件

第3讲说明文WPS,aclicktounlimitedpossibilities汇报人：目录索引01体裁解读02技法点拨体裁解读01说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比,说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时,其语言简练、平实、准确,常采用客观描述,其主题明确,层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象,从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且,作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章,使文章结构清晰,层次分明。解题要领内容解读明确说明对象,理清段落关系通读全文,明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点,理清各段之间的关系,加深对说明对象的理解。弄清说明顺序,把握作者态度在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络,加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外,在理清作者思路的基础上,还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句,把握作者的写作情感和意图。[典型例题](2022全国乙卷改编)Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout

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someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

Butwewitnesspreschoolchildrenareremarkably

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athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies

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.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas

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asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butoursurprisingresearchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology

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thatidea.

Webroughtchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each

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satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor

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.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould

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orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedtheycouldn’t.

Anumberof

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ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects

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thequestionsandknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem.Their

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tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue

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that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply

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mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our

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suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,it’snotaresultofegocentrism.Actuallychildrenconsiderthismethod

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whenothersuseit.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时,只遮住自己的眼睛并不是“自我中心”的表现,而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。1.A.following

B.takingC.escaping D.directing答案C解析根据下文“makingoneselfunabletobeseen”可知,此处表示儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏,躲避寻找者的目光。故选C项。2.A.clever B.badC.scared D.quick答案B解析根据下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies

.”可知,他们经常只是用手捂住眼睛,而其余身体部分无遮蔽,因此学龄前儿童不擅长隐藏。bebadatsth表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。

3.A.exposed B.examinedC.untouched D.imbalanced答案A解析根据上文可知,儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛,身体的其余部分无遮蔽,是暴露在外的。故选A项。4.A.supported B.guaranteedC.imagined D.interpreted答案D解析根据下文“asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly‘egocentric’(自我中心的)creatures”可知,此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据,证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。5.A.explained B.confirmedC.contradicted D.tested答案C解析根据前面的But可知,研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾。故选C项。6.A.parent B.childC.researcher D.doctor答案B解析根据上文“Webroughtchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知,此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。7.A.feet B.noseC.hands

D.ears答案D解析根据下文“orheartheadult”可知,实验中,儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音,所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。8.A.see B.helpC.reach D.fool答案A解析根据上文“anadultwhocoveredherowneyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛,所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。9.A.instructions B.descriptionsC.experiments D.assumptions答案C解析句意:许多实验排除了孩子们误解问题的可能性。experiment实验。故选C项。10.A.comprehended B.predictedC.explored D.ignored答案A解析根据下文“andknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem”可知,儿童理解了问题,并确切知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。11.A.responses B.approachesC.contribution D.sensitivity答案A解析根据上文“Wethenaskedthechildifshecould

orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedtheycouldn’t.”可知,此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。

12.A.ability B.beliefC.identity D.purpose答案B解析根据下文“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”可知,此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。13.A.holdback B.relatetoC.insiston D.makeup答案C解析根据上文“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”可知,孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互承认和尊重。故选C项。14.A.limitations B.requirementsC.theories D.findings答案D解析根据上文“Webroughtchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知,此处指实验的研究结果。故选D项。15.A.tentative B.impressiveC.creative D.effective答案D解析根据上文“Theysimply

mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.”可知,孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重,所以当其他人使用这种方法时,孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。

技法点拨02[典例]Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas

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asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butoursurprisingresearchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology5.contradictedthatidea.

4.A.supported

B.guaranteedC.imagined D.interpreted

技法1利用破解长难句解题▶分析利用破解长难句解题。asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly‘egocentric’(自我中心的)creatures”中that引导的是同位语从句,说明evidence的内容,表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据,证明儿童是以自我为中心的。[自主解答]

【点拨】说明文完形填空中会出现一些长句或难句,而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析,准确理解句意,明确所填选项在句中的语法功能,从而做出正确判断。D[真题体验](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)George,thehusband,wastryingtobecalm,butIcouldtellthiswas

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forhim,havingtoleavehisdogtoa

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andtrustthateverythingwould

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.

48.A.hard

B.fineC.common D.lucky答案A解析本句句式较为复杂,“but”连接转折并列句,“havingtoleave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文“wastryingtobecalm”以及下文“havingtoleavehisdogtoa

andtrustthateverythingwould

”可推知,此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A项。

49.A.co-worker B.passengerC.stranger D.neighbor答案C解析根据“George,thehusband,wastryingtobecalm,butIcouldtellthiswas

forhim”可知,此处指把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C项。

50.A.speedup B.workoutC.comeback D.takeoff答案B解析speedup加速;workout解决;comeback回来;takeoff起飞。根据上文可知,让狗的主人George把狗留给一个陌生人并相信一切都会解决好,对他来说很难。故选B项。[典例]Webroughtchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC......Our

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suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,it’snotaresultofegocentrism.

14.A.limitations

B.requirementsC.theories D.findings

▶分析根据上文“Webroughtchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC...”可知,此处指实验的研究结果。[自主解答]

D技法2利用首尾呼应关系解题【点拨】语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题,也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇,站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。课堂应用(2024河南开封三模)Moneydoesn’tgrowontrees,asthesayinggoes,andlearninghowtospendmoneywiselyisavaluablelessonweshouldalllearnwhenweareyoung.InChina,agrowingnumberofyoungindividualsareembracingthis

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andfindingthatbeingfrugal(节俭的)canbebothrewardingand

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.YoungindividualsinChinaareactivelyengagingwith

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responsibilitybysharingtheirbudget-friendlystrategiesandsmartshoppingadviceacrossvariousdigitalplatforms.Knownas“koukouzu”orthe“FrugalTribe”,they

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againstimpulsive(冲动的)spendingonluxurybrandsorfrequent

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oftrendybubbletea.Theywouldrathersaveupforgoodqualityclothesthatwilllastalongtime,insteadofsomecheaplymadefast-fashion

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.Toresistthetemptationofimpulsebuying,somehavechosento

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applicationslikeTaobaoandMeituanfromtheirdevices.Thesefrugal

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havealsobandedtogethertoformonlinecommunities,withoneDoubangroupboastingamembershipof600,000,wheremembers

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ideasandsupporteachotherintheirjourneytowardsfinancialfreedom.

Savingcashthroughthepurchaseofusedgoodsisastrategyadoptedbymanywho

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thatsecondhanddoesnotalwaysmeansecondrate.

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,

Ionceboughtapairof

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wornCrockettJonesshoes,aBritishbrandwitharegularpricetagof$1,200,foramere$100.Whata

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!Moreover,

choosingsecond-handitemssupportsenvironmentalconservationbygivingnewlifetoobjectsthatwouldotherwise

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inlandfills,reducingwasteandpromotingreuse.

Frugality,

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inChineseculturesinceConfucius,isavirtue.Yet,thejoyofbargainhuntingaddsamoderntwisttothisancientwisdom.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。学习如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课。在中国,越来越多的年轻人正在接受这一原则,并发现节俭既有益又令人愉快。1.A.version

B.restrictionC.principle D.presentation答案C解析上文“Moneydoesn’tgrowontrees”以及“learninghowtospendmoneywiselyisavaluablelessonweshouldalllearnwhenweareyoung”提到,如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课,由此可知,此处应表示越来越多的年轻人正在接受这一原则。2.A.available B.enjoyableC.demanding D.incredible答案B解析根据句意以及上文的“canbebothrewarding”可知,此处应表示节俭既有益又令人愉快。故选B项。3.A.invisible B.valuableC.friendly D.financial答案D解析根据上文提到的如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课,以及下文的“bysharingtheirbudget-friendlystrategies”可知,此处应表示中国的年轻人应该积极承担起财务责任。4.A.advocate B.intendC.indicate D.pretend答案A解析下文“...againstimpulsivespendingonluxurybrands”提到,反对冲动消费奢侈品牌,由此可知,此处应表示他们并不倡导冲动消费。故选A项。5.A.visits B.creationsC.purchases D.celebrations答案C解析根据上文提到的反对冲动消费奢侈品牌,以及下文的“trendybubbletea”可知,此处应表示反对频繁购买时尚的珍珠奶茶。6.A.items B.shoesC.pants D.hats答案A解析上文“Theywouldrathersaveupforgoodqualityclothes”提到,他们宁愿存钱买经久耐用的高质量衣服,由此可知,此处应表示不愿买廉价的快时尚物品。7.A.download B.removeC.advertise D.update答案B解析上文“Toresistthetemptationofimpulsebuying”提到抵制冲动购物的诱惑,再根据下文的“applicationslikeTaobaoandMeituan”可知,此处应表示一些人选择从他们的设备中删除淘宝和美团等应用程序。8.A.assistants B.operatorsC.pessimists D.enthusiasts答案D解析根据句意以及下文的“havealsobandedtogethertoformonlinecommunities”可知,此处应表示这些节俭爱好者还联合起来组成了网络社区。9.A.exchange B.performC.polish D.presume答案A解析根据下文的“andsupporteachotherintheirjourneytowards