高考英语-重难增分篇-第三讲-名词性从句

第三讲名词性从句

第一课时知识过关课李仕才1/301．主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词通惯用单数；为使句子平衡，惯用it作形式主语。2．表语从句还能够用asif，asthough引导。3．表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可用if或whether，但在介词后或直接与ornot连用时，只能用whether引导；引导表语从句、同位语从句或位于句首主语从句时，只能用whether，不用if。4．同位语从句普通放在fact，news，idea，promise，suggestion，advice等抽象名词之后，说明或解释这些抽象名词详细内容。多用that引导，不能由which引导。5．当宾语从句又带有补语时，要用it作形式宾语。2/306．在表示“提议”“命令”“要求”，如advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，request等词后名词性从句，其谓语通惯用“(should＋)动词原形”。7．that引导名词性从句时，不作任何句子成份；但that引导定语从句时，它代表先行词，而且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。Istillrememberthepromisethathemade．我依然记得他许下诺言。(定语从句)Thenaughtyboymadeapromisethathewouldnevermakeanoise．那个调皮男孩确保说他以后再也不喧华了。(同位语从句)3/308．what可引导名词性从句但不能引导定语从句。what引导名词性从句，有时相当于“the＋名词＋that”，表示“(所)……”。What(＝Thethingthat)yousaidwasright.你所说是正确。4/30读语篇，悟语法。重复朗诵以下短文，领悟画线和黑体部分，思索：画线部分在全句中作何种成份，即是什么从句，该从句为何要由这个黑体词来引导。WhatworriesmyclassmateMarykalotthesedays[1]isthatsheputsontoomuchweightandsheisfrequentlyill[2]．Shehassomedoubtswhethersheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar[3]．Also，withthecollegeentranceexaminationapproaching，shebecomesmorestressfulandshecouldn’tsleepwellthesedays.Maybethisisalsothecausethatshebecomesfatterthesedays[4]，shethinks.Howshebecomesslimmerandhealthier[5]hasbeenhermaintask.Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions.Butwhereshecouldgetbettersuggestionsandwhowillgiveherbetteradvice[6]alsopuzzleher.Itisher5/30parents’suggestionthatsheshouldconsultProfessorWanginZhongshanHospital[7]．ProfessorWangsuggeststhatshekeepabalanceddietfirst[8]．Sheshouldeatvegetablesandfruithighinfiber，vitaminandprotein.What’smore，ifshewantstoloseweight，shehadbettertakeregularexercisemorethanhalfanhouraday.MaryaskedProfessorWangwhensheshouldtakeexercise[9]．ProfessorWangadvisedhertotakeexerciseat5o’clockintheafternoonbecauseshewillhavemoretimetodosports.ThankstoProfessorWang，Maryhasbecomemuchhealthiernow.6/301．主语从句。What(＝thethingthat)在主语从句中作主语。2．表语从句。从句本身意思完整，也不缺任何句子成份，所以用that引导。3．同位语从句。补充说明doubt详细内容，因doubt(疑惑)意思本身是不确定，故由whether引导。4．同位语从句。说明thecause详细内容。5．主语从句。表示“怎样”变得苗条些和更健康些。7/306．主语从句。去“哪里”咨询、向“谁”咨询，故分别由where，who引导。7．同位语从句。说明suggestion详细内容，从句内容完整也不缺任何句子成份，故由that引导。8．宾语从句。从句内容完整也不缺句子成份，故由that引导。9．宾语从句。when在从句中作时间状语。8/30Ⅰ.单句填空(用适当连接词填空)1．Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo________ittakestosaveherlife.2．Afterfivehours’drive,theyreached________theythoughtwastheplacethey’dbeendreamingof.3．Fathermadeapromise________ifIpassedtheexamhewouldbuymeabike.4．Itwastrue________whatshediddelightedeveryoneofus.5．________weneedmorepracticeisquiteclear.whateverwhatthatthatThat9/306．Itdoesn’tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.7．________youcansucceedintheendwillmainlydependon________youdoand________youdoit.8．Whatthedoctorisuncertainaboutis________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.9．Everyoneknew________happenedandthatshewasworried.10．________themeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.whetherWhetherwhathowwhetherwhatWhether10/30Ⅱ.单句改错(以下每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅包括一个单词增加、删除或修改，请指出并更正。)1．ExactlyhowthetomatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain，butitwasprobablyaround1565.____________2．Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That’swhenIwasborn.”____________3．“Everytimeyoueatasweet，drinkgreentea.”Thisisthatmymotherusedtotellme.____________4．Itmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.____________how→whenwhen→wherethat→whatIt→What11/305．Fromspace，theearthlooksblue.Thisishowaboutseventy­onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.____________6．Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimhehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.____________7．Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided，andyouarefreetochoosewhateversuitsyoubest._____________________8．Itdoesn’tmatterifyoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.____________9．Ourteachersalwaystellustobelieveinthatwhatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.____________10．Whenthenewscamehowthewarbrokeout，hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.____________how→because在he前加thatwhatever→whicheverif→whether去掉thathow→that12/30Ⅲ.语篇填空(在以下空格处填入1个适当连接词，使结构完整、语意通顺。)Ilikereadingverymuch.Myclassmates’questionis1.________Ibegantolovereading.Actually，Ilovereadingasachild.IgrewupinacollegetownandIspentallmysummervacationsinthisuniversity.WhatImeantwas2.________Iwassurroundedbylibrariesandthepeoplewholovedtoread.3.________Iwenttothelibrarytoreadeverydaywasoneofmyfavoritehobbies.Myloveofreadingwascreditedwiththefact4.________myparentsonlyletmewatchanhourofTVaday.Ilearnedtoentertainmyselfthroughmymindandimagination.It’snotreallysurprising5.________literaturebecamemyvocation.13/30RecentlyIhavebeenreadingalotofmulticulturalwomen’slegends.JaneGoodallwenttoAfricaandstudiedchimpsinsteadofgoingtouniversity.6.________therearesomeconnectionsbetweenchimpsandhumanbeingspuzzlesmealot.ThankstoJaneGoodall，herresearchshowedmetheanswer.Sheargued7.________wildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainment.Afterfinishingherstory，Istillhavesomedoubts8.________shecouldachievegreatsuccessonherownintheforest.LinQiaozhi，adoctor，becameaspecialistinwomen’sillnesses.ShedevotedallherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.9.________madehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessandconsiderationsheshowedtoallherpatients.10.________shedidn’tchoosetohaveafamilyofherowniscleartomenow.14/30【语篇导读】作者介绍了自己喜欢阅读原因及最近阅读情况。1．when

[表语从句。依据下一句“Ilovereadingasachild.”可知用when引导。]2．that

[表语从句。that不作句子成份，但不能省略。]3．That

[主语从句。]4．that

[同位语从句。说明thefact详细内容。]5．that

[主语从句。it作形式主语。]15/306．Whether

[主语从句。]7．that

[宾语从句。that在这里不作成份，能够省略。]8．how

[同位语从句。指“怎样成功”，故用how。]9．What

[主语从句。what在从句中作主语。]10．Why

[主语从句。why在这里表原因。]16/30第二课时高考研究课名词性从句在语法填空中考查点规律方法依据连接词在名词性从句中所作句子成份来确定选取什么连接词：1．若在从句中作主语或宾语用连接代词，若作状语用连接副词；2．假如不作成份则要考虑从句意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；假如不作成份且从句意思完整则用that。17/301．Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly________thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(·全国卷Ⅱ)2．Ididn’tunderstand________thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.(广东卷)3．Itisoftenthecase________anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.(·江苏卷改编)how

[宾语从句连接词，howthick意为：多么厚。]真题验证1why

[宾语从句连接词，意为：为何。]that

[同位语从句连接词，不作句子成份。]18/304．________weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.(·北京卷改编)5．Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.(·北京卷改编)6．Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot________shipsarebuiltfor.(·安徽卷改编)How

[主语从句连接词，在从句中作状语，意为：怎么样。]that

[表语从句连接词，不作句子成份，只起连接作用。]what

[表语从句连接词，能够转换成“thereasonthat/which...”。]19/307．Themanagerputforwardasuggestion________weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.(·天津卷改编)8．—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea________hedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.(重庆卷改编)that

[同位语从句连接词，只起连接作用，不作句子成份。]why

[同位语从句连接词，在句子中作原因状语，意为：为何。]20/30名词性从句在短文改错中考查点1．依据句子成份判断连词是否正确；2．依据句子结构判断连词缺失及多出。规律方法21/301．Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.(·全国卷Ⅱ)____________2．Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou，foryoucannevertellthatcloseyoumaybetovictory.(湖南卷改编)____________真题验证2where→that或去掉where

[found后宾语从句中不缺乏任何语法成份。]that→how

[句子中缺乏方式状语，howclose意为：多么近。]22/303．Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingorhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.(四川卷)____________4．“Hehasruinedhishealth.Weareworriedabouthim.”Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.(辽宁卷)____________去掉when

[连词多出；notice后面句子不缺乏语法成份，故只需要that引导。]which→what

[连词错用，which意为：哪一个；what意为：所……。]23/30第三课时写作增分课名词性从句在写作中增分点一、掌握好引导词that省略与不省略1．他成功是因为他为比赛做了充分准备。(hissuccess,lieinthefact,bewellprepared)_________________________________________________________2．他最近没有尽最大努力，我们都很清楚。(doone’sbest,recently,beobviousto)________________________________________________________Hissuccessliesinthefactthathewaswellpreparedfortheexam.Thathehasn’tbeendoinghisbestrecentlyisobvioustousall.24/303．在我看来，这个公寓很完美，除去窗户稍微有点小外。(personally,perfect,exceptthat)_______________________________________________________________________4．从你们公布在网站广告我知道，你们学校发展很快，你们想要聘用能说一口流利英语人。(advertisement/ad,post,website,develop,rapidly,employ,fluently)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Personally,theapartmentisperfectexceptthatitswindowsareabittoosmall.Fromtheadyoupostonthewebsite,IknowthatyourschoolisdevelopingrapidlyandthatyouwanttoemploysomeonewhocanspeakEnglishfluently.25/305．一直困扰我是，我不知道该怎样处理这个问题。(trouble,dealwith)________________________________________________________________________6．使我们这个学校尤其是，它大多数毕业生都被名校录用。(make...special,graduate,beadmittedto,famouscolleges)________________________________________________________________________WhathasbeentroublingmeisthatIdon’tknowhowtodealwiththeproblem.Whatmakesourschoolspecialisthatmostofitsgraduatesareadmittedtofamouscolleges.26/30二、what从句在写作中非常有用，叫不知名字事物都可用这个引导词来表示1．我们有许多共同地方。他喜欢什么，我就喜欢什么；他讨厌什么，我也讨厌什么。(havealotincommon,love,hate)________________________________________________________________________2．近几年，我们学校发生了很大改变，已经不再是过去样子了。(greatchanges,takeplace,whatitusedtobe)______________________________________________________________________________________________3．假如我们想成功，我们应该相信我们做事情，相信我们自己。(succeed,believeinwhatwedo,whoweare)_____________________________________________________________Wehavealotincommon.Ilovewhathelovesandhatewhathehates.Inthepastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolanditisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Weshouldbelieveinwhatwedoandwhoweareifwearetosucceed.27/30三、用好whatever,however等引导名词性从句1．我们必须尽一切努力来保护我们环境。(dowhateverittakes)___________________________________________________2．不论谁想成功，都必须尽最大努力。(whoever,succeed,doone’sbest)________________________________________3．假如能找到任何适合你学习方法，你学习效率就可能显著提升。(whatever,learningmethod,learningefficiency,improve