高考英语复习写作第11讲开头和结尾在写作中的应用牛津译林版

一、魔法导航引人入胜开头(凤头)是写作成功保障,而回味无穷结尾(豹尾)能够为文

章锦上添花。所以,熟练掌握恰当开头和结尾方式对提升作文品质至关重

要。(一)记叙文惯用开头和结尾法

惯用开头法1.情景铺垫法:在文章开头先把人物、事件和环境交代清楚。LastTuesday,ourclassinvitedanoldcraftsmantoteachushowtomakedough

figurines.(北京)2.环境衬托法:在文章开头利用自然景物或社会环境引出要介绍事物或谈论

话题。——凤头豹尾,双管齐下第1页3.回想引题法:经过回想方法引入文章要表示主题。IcanwellrememberanincidentthathappenedonarainySundayafternoon.(201

4湖北)

惯用结尾法1.隐含式:用含蓄手法间接地表示作者情感或看法,让读者自己意会或思

索。Grandpaandthechildrenwereveryhappytoseethebirdflyingawayinthesky.2.抒情式:直抒胸臆,表示自己看法或情感。I'mconfidentthatI'llliveuptotheexpectationofmyfuture.(课标全国Ⅱ)3.点题式:总结全文,深入升华主题。第2页FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioningcanserveasabridgethathelps

ustoseekthetruth.(湖北)(二)说明文惯用开头和结尾法

惯用开头法1.开篇点题法:在文章开头就点明文章要介绍事物。Thisismynewmagicschoolbag,whichisdifferentfromthetraditionalone.Let

meintroduceyouitsuniquefunction.(湖南)2.问题引入法:在文章开头先用提问题方法引出文章包括内容。Whatshouldpeoplereallydotoencouragetheirkidstoconcentratetheirtimeand

energyonstudyinglessonsanddoingwell?3.引用数据法:利用数据引出要说明问题或谈论主题。第3页Morethan60%ofthemiddleschoolstudentsareshort-sighted,arecentstudy

shows.

惯用结尾法结论式:总结说明事物,深入说明其特征、影响、意义等。Inconclusion,thetruefriendshipmeansalottome,whichcontributestomyre-

coveryaswellashelpsmesucceedinstudy.(山东)(三)议论文惯用开头和结尾法

惯用开头法1.点明主旨法:提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐述主题。ThepersonIwouldliketointerviewisYangLiwei.(安徽)2.列举实例(现象)法:经过实例或现象引出要谈论话题。第4页Thephenomenonof“Myfriendfalls,Ilaugh;myphonefalls,Icry.”sometimes

existsaroundus.(重庆)

惯用结尾法1.概括式:用一句或几句话概括全文内容,深入深化主题或强调作者观

点。So,it'ssafetoconcludethatitisreasonabletoincludeEnglishwhichfacilitates

dailycommunication.(江苏)2.引用式:引用格言、谚语或习语总结全文。Asaproverbgoes,“Romewasn'tbuiltinaday.”Successisnoteasy,sowhat-

everfailuresweexperience,weshouldbelieveinourselvesandkeeptrying.(

福建)第5页3.展望或呼吁式:在文章结尾表示对未来展望或期待,希望或呼吁人们投

入行动。It'severybody'sdutytoobservethetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorderand

goingontherighttrack.(江苏)第6页二、学以致用1.完美文章依据文章内容给下面短文写一个恰当开头和结尾。Howtokeephealthy文章开头:

Herearesomesuggestionstohelpyoukeephealthy.Tobeginwith,yououghtto

keepupagoodstateofmind,whichisofgreatbenefittoreducingpressureand

fightingagainstdiseases.Inaddition,it'sagoodideatokeepabalanceddiet,which

shouldincludeenergy-givingfoodsandbody-buildingfoods.Lastbutnotleast,

notonlyshouldyouhaveenoughsleepandrest,butyoushouldalsodoexercise

regularly.Inthisway,youcanbuildupyourbodyaswellasensureyouworkwell.第7页文章结尾:

答案文章开头:Withtheimprovementoflivingstandards,moreandmorepeopleare

payingattentiontotheirhealth.文章结尾:Inconclusion,solongasyouformgoodlifehabitsandeathealthy

foods,youcanliveahealthyandhappylife.2.话题写作[本期话题]文化交流[写作要求]写出恰当文章开头和结尾。请依据下面提醒,写一篇80词左右英语短文。1.不一样文化背景人打招呼方式各不相同;第8页2.有拥抱,有握手,有时甚至引发误会;3.为了更加好地交流,要了解一些不一样国家文化习俗;4.身处异国时,我们要入乡随俗,不要给国家丢脸。

答案Onepossibleversion:第9页Generallyspeaking,peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentwaystogreet

eachother.Whenmeetingeachother,somehug,someshakehands,andsome-

timestheyarelikelytocausemisunderstanding.Thus,inordertocommunicate

wellwithforeigners,weshouldlearnsomethingaboutcultureandcustomsofdif-

ferentcountries.What'smore,whenabroad,weshouldkeepinmindthatweare

representingourcountryandtrynottoloseface.Justastheproverbgoes,whenin

RomedoastheRomansdo.第10页三、美文赏读(浙江)在班级活动中,当你想法与大多数同学不一致时,你是坚持自己观点并说

服他人,还是尊重大多数同学意见?请你以“WhenIHaveaDifferentOpin-

ion”为题,用英语写一篇100~120个词短文。要求以下:1.从以上两种做法中选择一个;2.以详细事例阐述你选择理由。注意:短文中,不得以任何形式透露地域、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。第11页

答案Onepossibleversion:WhenIHaveaDifferentOpinionWemayhavedifferentopinionsinorganizingclassactivities.WhenIhaveadif-

ferentopinion,Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionofthemajority.[我来试写]WhenIHaveaDifferentOpinion

第12页Themainreasonformychoiceisthatbeingbroughtupinacultureemphasizing

collectivism,Itendtosacrificemyowninterestforthegroupbenefit.Oncewe

werelefttodecidewhethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseum.Iwould

lovetogotoamuseum,butmostofmyclassmates