宜宾专版2024中考英语二轮复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题四动词和动词短语讲与练

PAGEPAGE1专题四动词和动词短语真题试做(A)1.(2024宜宾中考)Mysister______belazy.Butnowshe'sworkingreallyhard.A.usedtoB.isusedtoC.wasusedtoD.wasused(B)2.(2024重庆中考B卷)Please______theTV.It'stimetogotobed.A.turnonB.turnoffC.putonD.putoff(C)3.(2024新疆维吾尔自治区中考)—Wow!Yoursweaterisverybeautiful!Howmuchisit?—Thankyou.It______me30dollars.A.spendB.paidC.costD.take(B)4.(2024天津中考)Iamafraidwecannot______totakeataxi.Let'sgobyundergroundinstead.A.refuseB.affordC.forgetD.fall(D)5.(2024宜昌中考)—Aresearchsuggeststhatwalkinghelpspeoplelivelonger.—Iquiteagree,butit______onwhenandhowtheywalk.A.remainsB.separatesC.returnsD.depends考向归结通过以上五个题的视察,并结合各地多年中考考点的设置,动词考查的方面有动词的词义辨析和短语动词等(动词的其他考点见后续专题)。题型设置方面,主要趋向于单项选择、完形填空、综合填空和写作。考点突破动词的形式及分类1.动词的基本形式(1)动词原形,如：play,talk,write等。(2)动词的第三人称单数,如：plays,writes,studies,watches等。(3)动词的现在分词,如：playing,talking,writing等。(4)动词的过去式,如：played,wrote,began等。(5)动词的过去分词,如：written,begun等。2.动词的分类(1)根据动词的语法功能通常分为四类：①实义动词,如：play,talk,write,shop等。②助动词,如：do,did,have等。③连系动词,简称系动词,用于连接主语和表语。系动词不能单独作谓语,必需和表语一起构成系表结构。常见系动词有：be,stay,keep,remain,feel,look,sound,taste,smell,become,get,turn,go等。(2)根据能否与一段时间搭配,通常分为持续性动词和非持续性动词,它的用法主要体现在完成时态中。如：Ihavehadthisbikefor3years.这辆自行车我已经用了三年了。(had为have的过去分词,为持续性动词)IborrowedthisbookfromTinayesterday.我昨天从蒂娜那里借了这本书。(borrow为非持续性动词)(3)实义动词根据是否干脆接宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。①及物动词后必需接宾语,有被动语态。如：Maryoftenwashesclothes.→被动语态：TheclothesareoftenwashedbyMary.玛丽常常洗衣服。②不及物动词不能干脆接宾语,无被动语态；不及物动词要接宾语须要借助介词,形成动介短语,形成动介短语后,有被动语态,但肯定要留意保留介词。如：Lilylaughed.(laugh为不及物动词)莉莉笑了。Lilylaughedatme.(laugh需借助介词at,形成动介短语laughat才能接宾语me)→被动语态：IwaslaughedatbyLily.我被莉莉讪笑了。动词词义辨析1.arrive,reach与get三者都可表示“到达”的意思。区分为：arrivein＋大地点,arriveat＋小地点；reach为及物动词,即reach＋地点；getto＋地点；当它们接的地点为地点副词(here,there,home)时,介词省略。如：WhendidyouarriveinBeijing？＝WhendidyougettoBeijing？＝WhendidyoureachBeijing？你什么时候到达北京？Howdoyougetthere？＝Howdoyouarrivethere？＝Howdoyoureachthere？你怎么到那里的？2.borrow,lend与keepborrow相对主语而言为借入,常用短语：borrowsb.sth./borrowsth.fromsb.意为“向某人借某物”；lend相对主语而言为借出,常用短语：lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.意为“把某物借给某人”；keep意为“保存；借”,为持续性动词,表示“长时间地借”。如：Iborrowedabookfromtheschoollibraryyesterday.昨天我从图书馆借了一本书。Canyoulendyourpentome?你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？Howlongcanwekeepthebook?我们能借这本书多久？3.dress,puton与weardresssb.给某人穿衣服,dresssb.up装扮某人；puton强调穿的动作,意为“穿上；戴上”；wear“穿戴”,表状态,与“bein”同义。如：Theboydressedhimselfquickly.男孩快速地穿上了衣服。Jimputonhiscoatandwentout.吉姆穿上外套出去了。Lilyiswearingaredskirttoday.莉莉今日穿着一条红裙子。4.see,look,watch与readsee指看的结果,也可指看电影；look指看的动作,不及物动词,后需接介词at才能加宾语；watch指看竞赛、电视等；read指看书看报。如：Icanseesomethingbeautifuloverthere.我能望见那里有些漂亮的东西。Youshouldlookattheblackboardandlistentoyourteachercarefullyinclass.在课堂上你应当看黑板并仔细听讲。WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.电视看多了对眼睛有害。Don'treadbooksinthesun.不要在太阳下看书。5.bring,take与carrybring意为“带来；拿来”,表示拿到靠近说话者的地方；take意为“拿去；带走”,表示拿到远离说话者的地方；carry意为“扛；搬；用力移动”,没有方向性。如：Remembertobringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow.请记得明天把家庭作业带到学校来。PleasetakethedictionarytoMiller.请把字典带给米勒。Heisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybox.他足够强壮能够搬动那个重箱子。6.speak,talk,say与tell(详见第一编P15)7.lose,fail,beat与winlose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为：losetosb.；fail指“失败”或“未做成某事”；beat意为“战胜”,后接sb.或某支队伍；win意为“赢得”,如赢得荣誉、地位、竞赛等。8.lose,forget与leavelose意为“丢失；失去”；forget意为“遗忘”,常用短语：forgetdoingsth./forgettodosth.；leavesth.＋地点,表示将某物落在某处。动词短语1.动词＋aboutcareabout关切；在乎hearabout听说knowabout了解thinkabout考虑worryabout担忧talkabout谈论2.动词＋afterlookafter照看；照看runafter追逐3.动词＋atarriveat到达knockat敲击laughat讪笑lookat看shoutat冲……喊workat致力于；从事4.动词＋awaydieaway渐渐消逝giveaway赠送putaway把……收好runaway逃跑5.动词＋downcutdown砍倒；削减knockdown撞倒letdown使……悲观turndown拒绝；调小writedown写下；登记liedown躺下6.动词＋forapplyfor申请askfor要求carefor喜爱；照看payfor支付leavefor动身去lookfor找寻preparefor打算searchfor搜寻sendfor派人去请standfor代表；象征waitfor等候7.动词＋frombe/comefrom来自keepfrom阻挡；抑制learnfrom向……学习hearfrom收到……来信preventfrom阻挡……separatefrom把……与……分别protect…from爱护……免于……sufferfrom受……苦；患……病8.动词＋inbreakin破门而入comein进来dropin顺便来访fillin填写givein屈服handin上交succeedin在某方面胜利takein汲取；欺瞒9.动词＋intobreakinto破门而入change…into…将……变成……divide…into…把……分成……getinto进入；陷入lookinto调查make…into…把……做成……put…into…将……注入……10.动词＋ofcomplainof诉说dieof死于dreamof幻想；渴望hearof听说remindsb.of使某人想起thinkof想起warnsb.ofsth.警告某人当心某事11.动词＋offbreakoff中断cutoff阻挡；切掉falloff(数量)削减getoff下车keepoff不接近payoff还清债务putoff推迟seeoff送行showoff炫耀shutoff关掉turnoff关掉12.动词＋withagreewithsb.同意某人dealwith处理beginwith…以……起先disagreewith不同意share…with…与……共享……compare…with…与……作比较providesb.withsth.给某人供应某物connect…with…与……连接或联系cover…with…遮盖；覆盖13.动词＋upaddup加起来；合计callup打电话cheerup使激昂bringup哺育cleanup打扫clearup清理dressup化妆装扮comeup出现；发芽cutup切碎eatup吃光endup结束；告终fixup安装；修理giveup放弃growup成长hangup挂起来lookup查阅；查找makeup组成；编造mixup混合pickup捡起；接电话putup张贴；搭建setup创建；创办showup出现；露面speedup加速standup起立stayup熬夜takeup占据；从事小试牛刀(D)1.(2024青岛中考)—Ican'tfindmymobilephone.—Don'tworry.Maybeyou______itathome.A.forgotB.missedC.lostD.left(D)2.(2024临沂中考)AprimaryschoolinEnglandhas______signsatitsthreeentrances(入口),saying:Greetyourchildwithasmile,notamobile.A.putintoB.putoffC.putonD.putup(C)3.(2024扬州中考)—IofferedSandyahelpinghand,however,she______it.—Maybeshecanmanageherself.A.receivedB.returnedC.refusedD.rewarded(B)4.(2024吉林中考改编)It'sagoodideato______newwordsinthedictionary.A.cutupB.lookupC.putupD.showup(C)5.(2024山西中考改编)Ifastudentisableto______somebodyelsewhathe'slearntfromtextbooks,itshowshe'sunderstooditwell.A.postB.lendC.teachD.keep(A)6.(2024宜昌中考)—Inthepastfiveye