考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷633

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷633

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

TensofthousandsofpeoplemarchedtotheMartinLutherKingJr.Memorialanddown

theNationalMallonSaturday,commemoratingthe50thanniversaryofKing'sfamous

speechandpledgingthathisdreamincludesequalityforgays,Latinos,thepoorandthe

disabled.EricHolder,thenation'sfirstblackattorneygeneral,saidhewouldnotbein

office,norwouldBarackObamabepresident,withoutthosewhomarched."They

marchedinspiteofanimosity,oppressionandbrutalitybecausetheybelievedinthe

greatnessofwhatthisnationcouldbecomeanddespairedofthefoundingpromisesnot

kept,"Holdersaid.Organizersexpectedabout100,000peopletoparticipateintheevent,

theprecursortotheactualanniversaryoftheAug.28,1963,marchthatdrewsome

250,000totheNationalMallandusheredintheideaofmassive,nonviolent

demonstrations.LyndaChambers,58,gaveupaday'spaytoattendbecauseherretailjob

doesnotprovidepaidvacation.Evenasa7-year-oldatthetimeoftheoriginalmarch,she

feltalienatedanddeprivedofherrights.Rememberingthosefeelings,shesaid,shewas

compelledtomakethetripSaturday."IwantedtohavesomesortofconnectiontowhatI

havealwaysknown,asfarasbeingablackperson,"shesaid.Speakersinthemarch

frequentlymentionedpersistenthighunemploymentamongblacks,whichisabouttwice

thatofwhiteAmericans,andtheacquittalofGeorgeZimmermanfortheshootingdeath

ofunarmedblackteenagerTrayonMartininFlorida.AlongtheMall,Martin'spicture

wasnearlyasubiquitousasKing's.NancyNorman,ofSeattle,saidshewasdisappointed

morepeoplewholooklikeherhadnotattended.Sheiswhite.Butthe58-year-oldshe

saidshewasgladtohearclimatechangediscussedalongsidevotingrights."I'mthekind

ofpersonwhothinksallofthosethingsareinterconnected.Climatechangeisatthetop

ofmylist,"saidNorman."Idon'tthinkit'sonewecansetasideforanyotherdiscussion."

Onthedayoftheanniversary,PresidentBarackObamawillspeakfromthestepsofthe

LincolnMemorial.HewillbejoinedbyformerPresidentsBillClintonandJimmyCarter.

Churchesandgroupshavebeenaskedtoringbellsat3p.m.Wednesday,markingthe

exacttimeKingspoke.

"QAmgrieal

1、AccordingtoEricHolder,what'sthemajorpurposeofthemarch?

A、Tocommemoratethe50thanniversaryofKing'sfamousspeech.

B、Tocongratulatethemselvesforholdingthegreathistoricalevent.

C、Toexpresstheirwishesanddisappointmentsoftheunfulfilledpromises.

D、Tothrealenthepresentgovernnienlinapowerfulandiionviolenlway.

标准答案：C」-

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到第二段。本题考查此次游行的主要目

的。根据该段引言中的Theymarchedinspiteof...becausetheybelievedinthe

greatnessofwhatthisnationcouldbecomeanddespairedofthefoundingpromisesnot

kept可以得知，C项”为了表达他们（对国家）的希望和对于（建国时）未能实现诺言的

失望”为正确答案。

2、WecanlearnfromParagraph3thatthemarchin1963broughtabout

A、discriminationagainstthewhitepeople

B、conceptionoflarge-scaleandnonviolentmarch

C>freedomandhumanrightsfbrblackpeople

D^greatreputationofMartinLutherKing

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词定位到第三段。该段最后提到the

Aug.28,1963,inarchthat...usheredintheideaofmassive,nonviolent

demonstrations,由此可见正确选项为B项，B项为原文的同义替换。

3、HowdidLyndaChambersfeelintheoriginalinarch?

A、Helplessandhopelessforthegovernment.

B、Excitedandcheerfulaboutherfuture.

C^Respectedandhopefulinherlife.

D、Separatedanddeprivedofherrights.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。限据题干关键词定位到第四段。该段提到Evenasa7-year・

oldatthetimeoftheoriginalmarch,shefeltalienatedanddeprivedofherrights,由止匕

可知D项”（感至lj）孤立和被剥夺人权”为正确答案，separated是原文alienated的同义

复现。

4、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatspeakers5majorconcerninthemarch

is.

A^votingrights

B、climatechange

C^highunemploymenirate

D、nonviolentdemonstration

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词定位到第五段。该段首句即指出Speakersin

themarchfrequentlymentionedpersistenthighunemploymentamongblacks,因此C

项“高失业率”为正确答案。

5、Asawhiteman,what'sNancyNorman'sattitudetowardthemarch?

A、Supportive.

R、Critical.

C、Negative.

D、Neutral.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：态度题。艰据题干关键词定位到第六段。第六段整体在讲述Nancy

对这次游行的观点和态度。本段首句即点明Nancy的态度：她对没有更多像她一

样的人来参加游行表示失望。此外本段第二句H4shewasgladtohearclimatechange

discussedalongsidevotingrights”她很高兴能够同时讨论气候变化和选举权”也表明

她对这次游行的态度。由此可知，A项“支持的”为正确答案。

Notlongago,BarackObamawashopingthathigh-speedtrainswouldprovideAmerica

withthedesiredbenefits.First,buildingthespecialtracksandlocomotiveswouldputa

divisionortwoofAmerica'sarmyofunemployedbacktowork.Then,oncebuilt,the

trainswouldgetpeopleoutofcarsandplanesandtotheirdestinationsinawaythat

wouldbecleaneranduselessforeignoil.Butthosedreamshavemostlydied.

Republicanshavedecidedthatgovernmentspending,notoutdatedinfrastructure,isthe

realproblem,andRepublicangovernorsinFlorida,WisconsinandOhiohaverejected

federalmoneytobeginbuilding.OnlyinCaliforniadoesthedreamliveon.AsGovernor

JerryBrown,aged73andaDemocrat,likestoremember,anotherbigrailwayprojectin

the19thcenturyconnectedtheyoungstatetotherestofAmerica.Oflate,hehas

comparedhisslate'splannedhigh-speedtraintothePanamaandSuezcanals.California's

votersusedtoagree.Ina2008ballotmeasure,theyapproved$9billioninbondstofund

justsuchatrain.Asadvertised,itwastoconnectthetwobigpopulationcentres,Los

AngelesandtheSanFranciscoBayarea.Theprojectwastocost$33billionandbe

completedasearlyas2020.Thentheironlawofinfrastructureprojectsasserteditself.

Accordingtocurrentestimates,thetrainwouldinfactcostthreetimesasmuchormore,

andtake13yearslongertobuild.Mr.Obamastillwantstohelp;hehasaskedCongress

for$35billioninrailwayfundingoverfiveyears,ofwhich$3.5billionmaygoto

California.Butevenwiththebondfunds,thosedollopswouldcoverlessthan13%ofthe

estimatedcost.Republicansareinnomoodtoallocatemore.Itgetsworse.Afterthe

ballotmeasure,itwasdecidedthatconstructionshouldbeginnotinthetwopopulation

centresbutinthevastandflatfarmlandsoftheCentralValley,wherebuildingismuch

easier.Ahighspeedtrainwouldthenrunthroughsparselypopulatedcountryside,with

hardlyanybodyridingit.Somecallthisa"traintonowhere",othersawhiteelephant.

UsingarathermoreoriginalmetaphorRichardWhite,aprofessorofhistoryatStanford,

callsit"aVietnamoftransportation:easytobeginanddifficultandexpensivetostop".

6、Theexpectedbenefitsofthehigh-speedtrainsinAmericaincludeallthefollowing

EXCEPT.

A、promotingtheunityofAmericanarmies

B、promotingemploymentinAmerica

C、travelinginacleanerway

D、usinglessforeignoil

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。取据题干关键词定位至第一段。原文putadivisionortwoof

America'sarmyofunemployedbacktowork意为“使美国大批失业人群中的一部分重

新获得工作"，anarmyof意为alargenumberof。A项是利用文中的army形成的干

扰。因此A项为本题的正确答案。

7、OnlyinCaliforniadoesthedreamliveonbecause.

A、itsgovernorisaDemocrat

B、Brownlikestorememberanotherbigrailwayprojectinthe19thcentury

C、Brownregardstheplannedhigh-speedtrainasveryirnporlani

D、California'svotersareallsupportive

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题卜关键词定位至第二段。此段讲到加利福尼亚州建造

高铁尚存希望的原因主要是州长布朗。他“喜欢回忆19世纪另一项宏伟的铁路工

程，该工程使成立不久的加利福尼亚州与美国的其他地区相连通”，因此，“他把

计划修建的高铁与巴拿马运河及苏伊士运河作对比，该计划一样势在必行”。因此

C项“布朗认为已计划修建的高铁非常重要”为正确答案。

8、ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4thatRepublicansarereluctanttoallocatemore

since.

A、high-speedtrainbelongstoinfrastructure

B、high-speedtrainwou'dcostthreetimesasmuchormore

C、high-speedtrainwouldtake13yearslongertobuild

D^theexistingbondfundsarefarfromestimatedcost

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。根据题干关键词定位至第四段。最后一句提到的

Republicansareinnomoodtoallocatemore与题干同义，因此原因从前面找。修建

高铁花费大和耗时长不是问题，问题是资金不够。即便奥巴马已经向国会申请了约

35亿美元用于加利福尼亚州高铁建设，但这些费用仍然远远不够预计的支出。且

文章第一段就提到“共和党人决定政府开支不应花在过时的基础设施建设上“，因此

D项为正确答案。

9、Thehigh-speedtrainwasfinallyplannedtobeginin.

A、thebigpopulationcentres

B、theSanFranciscoBayarea

C^thesparselypopulatedcountryside

D^thevastandflatfarmlands

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。艰据关键词beginin及出题顺序可将答案定位在第五段。由

文中itwasdecidedthatconstructionshouldbeginnotinthetwopopulationcentresbut

inthevastandflatfarmlandsoftheCentralValley可以判断D项“广阔平坦的耕地上“

为正确答案。

10、Inthelastparagraph,"awhiteelephant"probablyreferstosomething.

A、easyandexpensive

expensiveanduseless

C>difficultandexpensive

D、easyandhuge

标准答案：B

知识点解析：含义题。艰据题干关键词定位至最后一段。解答此题需要结合上下

文。上文提到高铁将穿梭于人迹稀少的乡村地区，当然也基本不会有人乘坐，这说

明它没什么用。因此somecallthisuatraintonowher?”,othersawhiteelephant,

some...others为并列结构，可见awhiteelephant与atraintonowhere有相同之处，

即高铁实际上没什么用。下文用一个比喻秦形容aVieinamof（ransporlalion：easy

tobeginanddifficultandexpensivetostop（开始容易结束难，且费用昂贵）。再结合全

文可知，修建高铁即昂贵又没什么用，因此awhileelephant即指“昂贵而无用之

物”，B项为正确答案。

StefanandTomas,bothintheirageof11,weighabout80poundseach.Onthe20-

minutewalktotheirmiddleschoolandtheuphillwalkhome,theycarrybackpacksthat

weighabout12poundseach,or15percentoftheirbodyweight.Whenextrabooksor

clothing,amusicalinstrumentorotherequipmentarcadded,theweighttheycarrycan

reach20pounds.Butwhateverthefigure,thosepacksaresimplytooheavyfortheirstill-

formingbonesandmuscles.Heavybackpacksdon'tjustsapchildrenofenergythatmight

bebetteruseddoingschoolworkorplayingsports.Carryingthemcanalsoleadtochronic

backpain,accidentsandpossiblylifelongorthopedicdamage.ThefederalConsumer

ProductSafetyCommission(CPSC)calculatedthatcarryinga12-poundbackpacktoand

fromschoolandliftingit10timesadayforanentireschoolyearputsacumulativeload

onyoungsters'bodiesof21,600pounds—theequivalentofsixmid-sizedcars.Theload

caniedbythesesixth-graderswasequivalenttoa176-poundmanhaulingarounda39-

poundbackpackeachday.Buteveninthisdigitalera,whenatleastsomeschoolwork

canbedoneonline,therehasbeennoapparentdecreaseintheburdensweaskthe

youngergenerationtototearoundallday.Intheneweststudy,publishedinMarchinthe

ArchivesofDiseaseinChildhood,researchersinSpainassessedthebackpacksandback

healthof1,403pupilsages12to17.Morethan60percentwerecarryingpacksweighing

more(han10percentoftheirbodyweight,andnearlyoneinfivehadschoolbagsthat

weighedmorethan15percentoftheirownweight.Notsurprisingly,oneinfourstudents

saidtheyhadsufferedbackpainformorethan15daysduringthepreviousyear;scoliosis

accountedfor70percentofthosewithpain.Theremaining30percenthadeitherlow

backpainorcontractures-continuous,involuntarymusclecontractions.Girlsfaceda

greaterriskofbackpainthanboys,andtheirriskincreasedwithage(and,presumably,

yearsofluggingaroundtheirheavypacks).Painoftenresultswhentheweightofthe

packpullschildrenbackward,promptingthemtobendforwardortoarchtheirbacksto

keepthepackcentered.Thispositioncancompressthespine,pressingthevertebraeon

thediscsbetweenthem.Ifthechildhastoleanforwardwhenwalkingwithaloaded

pack,itistooheavy.Attheveryleast,itisarecipefbrpoorpostureandchronically

roundedshoulders.

11、StefanandTomas'sexampleiscitedto.

A^illustratetheexcessivestressesthatchildrenareunderinschool

B>introducethephenomenonofchildrencarryingheavybackpacks

C>appealtoschoolsnottoassigntoomuchhomeworkafterclass

D^showpeople'ssympathytowardsthehardworkingstudents

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到第一段。由第一段最后一句those

packsaresimplytooheavyfortheirstill-formingbonesandmuscles.可知，作者在首

段中引用Slefan和Tomas的例子是为了引出“孩子书包过重”这一话题，从而为后

文的论述做好铺垫，故B项”引出孩子们的背包过重的现象”为正确答案。

12、IhedataprovidedbyCPSCshowthat.

A、thebackpackscarriedbychildrenaremuchtooheavyforthem

itisacceptableforstudentstocarryabackpacklighterthan12pounds

C、thebackpackscarriedbyalltheparticipatesweigh21,600pounds

D、theloadcarriedbyeachstudentforayearequalsto6mid-sizedcars

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词定位到第三段。该段主要介绍了美国联邦消

费品安全委员会(CPSC)公布的数据。根据其数据21,600pounds-theequivalentof

sixmid-sizedcars和equivalenttoa176-poundmanhaulingarounda39-pound

backpackeachday可总结出A项“孩子们肩，的背包对于他们来说实在太重了”为正

确答案。

13、WecanlearnfromParagraphs4and5that.

A、digitaldeviceshelpalotineasingtheweightonstudents'shoulders

B、morethanhalfofallstudentscarryabackpackheavierthan12pounds

C>heavybackpackscausestudentstosuffervariouskindsofbackpain

D、girlsareprovedtobephysicallyweakerthanboysinschoolyears

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题C艰据题干关键词定位到第四段和第五段C文章第四段首先用

《儿童疾病档案》上刊登的数据说明了学生们目前背包过重的现状。接下来第五段

作者指出了这种现象造成的后果。故根据第五段可知C项“沉重的背包导致学生们

出现不同类型的背痛”符合题意，为正确答案。

14、Heavybackpackcancausebackpainbecauseof.

A、children'sinappropriatepostureofcarryingthem

B、itsforceofpullingchildrenbackward

C、thepressureitputsonthespineandtheback

D、thesideeffectwhenitcuresroundedshoulders

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到最后一段。该段首句指出，背包的重

量将孩子们的身体向后拉，而为了保持后背的中立位置，孩子们就会向前弯曲身体

或拱起背部，疼痛就是这样产生的。接着第二句继续解释道，这样的姿势会对孩子

们的脊柱造成压力，并背压椎间盘的椎骨，故可得知，书包过重会压迫脊柱与背

部，从而造成孩子们的背痛，C项“背包对脊柱和背部产生的压力”符合题意，为正

确答案。

15、What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardschildren'sheavypackburden?

A、Indignant.

B、Skeptical.

C>Astounded.

D、Concerned.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：态度题。在文章笫一段，作者首先以Stefan和Tomas为例说明了学

生们的背包过于沉重这一现象，接着第二至第五段引用具体研究数据，说明孩子们

的背包过重的事实及其对孩子身体所造成的不良影响，最后一段则分析了沉重的背

包导致背痛及其他疾病的原因。由此可知，本文作者重点说明的是儿童书包过重及

其对儿童身体的种种危害的担忧，故D项“担忧的”符合题意，为正确答案。

Artistsroutinelymockbusinesspeopleasmoney-obsessedbores.Orworse,Many

businesspeople,fortheirpart,assumethatartistsareabunchofpretentiouswasters.

Bossesmaystickafewmodernistpaintingsontheirboardroomwalls.Buttheyseldom

taketheartsseriouslyasasourceofinspiration.Thebiasstartsatbusinessschool,where

"hard"thingssuchasnumbersrule.Itisreinforcedbyeverydayexperience.Bosses

constantlyremindtheirunderlingsthatifyoucan'tcountit,itdoesn'tcount.Fewread

deeplyaboutart.SunTzu'sTheArtofWardoesnotcount.Somepopularbusinessbooks

rejoiceintheirvulgarism:considerWessRobert'sLeadershipSecretsofAttilatheHun.

Butlatelytherearewelcomesignsofathawonthebusinesssideofthegreatcultural

divide.BusinesspressesarepublishingaseriesofbookssuchasTheFineArtofSuccess,

byJamieAnderson.Mr.Andersonpointsoutthatmanyartistshavealsobeensuperb

entrepreneurs.DamienHirstwasevenmoreenterprising.Henotonlyrealisedthat

nouveau-richecollectorswouldpayextraordinarysumsfordeadcowsandjewel-

encrustedskulls.Heupturnedtheartworldbysellinghisworkdirectlythrough

Sotheby's,anauctionhouse.Whatevertheythinkofhiswork,businesspeoplecannothelp

admiringamanwhopartedart-loversfrom£75.5milliononthedaythatLehman

Brotherscollapsed.Studyingtheartscanhelpbusinesspeoplecommunicatemore

eloquently.Mostbossesspendahugeamountoftime"messaging"yetfewaremuch

goodatit.HalfanhourwithGeorgeOrwell'sWhyIWritewouldworkwonders.

Studyingtheartscanalsohelpcompanieslearnhowtomanagebrightpeople.Rob

GofleeoftheLondonBusinessSchoolpointsoutthattoday'smostproductivecompanies

aredominatedbywhattheycall"clevers",whoarethedeviltomanage.Theyhatebeing

toldwhattodobymanagers,whomtheyregardasdullards.Theyrefusetosubmitto

performancereviews.Inshort,theyareprimadonnas.Studyingtheartworldmighteven

holdoutthebiggestprizeofall-helpingbusinessbecomemoreinnovative.Companies

arcscouringtheworldfornewideas.Intheirquestforcreativity,theysurelyhave

somethingtolearnfromthecreativeindustries.Lookathowmodernartistsadaptedto

thearrivalofphotography,atechnologythatcouldhavemadethemredundant,orhowJ.

K.Rowlingkepttryingevenwhenpublishersrejectedhernovel.

16>Artistsandbusinesspeopleroutinely.

A、despiseeachother

B、com