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考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷210
一、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共70题,每题7.0
分,共70分。)
Intheory,agovernmentbailoutshouldprovideashort-tcrmHinfusionofcashtogivea
strugglingcompanythechancetorightitself.ButinitsaggressivedealingswithU.S.
automakers,mostrecentlyGeneralMotors,theObamaadministrationiscoming
dangerouslyclosetoengaginginfinancialengineeringthatignoresbasicprinciplesof
fairnessandeconomicrealitiestoachievepoliticalgoals.Itisnowclearthatthereisno
realdifferencebetweenthegovernmentandGM.Forallintentsandpurposes,the
government,whichissettoassumea50percentequitystakeinthecompany,isGM,and
ithasbeencallingtheshotsinnegotiationswithcreditors.WhiletheObama
administrationhasbeenplayinghardballwithbondholders,ithasbeenmorethanhappy
toplaynicewiththeUnitedAutoWorkers(UAW).Howelsetoexplainwhyaretiree
health-carefundcontrolledbytheUAWisgoingtogeta39percentequitystakeinGM
foritsremaining$10billioninclaimswhilebondholdersarebeingpressuredtotakea10
percentstakefortheir$27billion?It'shighlyunlikelythattheautoindustryprofessionals
atGMwouldhavereachedsuchadealifthegovernmenthadnotbeenwatchingthem一
orprovidingthemoneyneededtokeepthefactorydoorsopen.GMiswidelyexpectedto
fileforbankruptcybeforetheendofthismonth.Ifthiswereatypicalbankruptcy,the
companywouldbeallowedbylawtotearupitsUAWcollectivebargainingagreement
andnegotiatefordrasticallyreducedwagesandbenefits.Surely,thegovernmentwon't
letthathappen.Still,thethreatofacontractabolitionprobablyplayedaroleinthe
union'sagreementtocost-cuttingmeasureslastweek.It'snevereasyforunionstomake
concessions,butthestingofhandingbackmoneyisbeingsoftenedbythegovernment's
desiretogivetheunionahugeownershipstakeinGM.Theadministrationarguesthatit
couldnotriskalienatingtheunionforfearoftriggeringastrikethatcouldpermanently
crippleGM.Italsoassumesthatithadtoagreetoprotectsuppliersandfundwarranties
inordertopreservejobsandreassurepotentialbuyersthattheircarswouldbeserviced.
Thesearelegitimateconcerns.Butit'stoobadthattheObamaadministrationhasnot
thoughtmoredeeplyabouthowitsbullyingofbondholderscouldconvincefuture
investorsthatthelastthingtheywanttodoisputmoneyintoanycompanythatthe
governmenthas-orcould-becomeinvolvedin.
1、InitsdealingswithU.S.automakers,theObamaadministrationhas
A-.beenhardonshareholdersandautoindustrylaborforce.
B、helpedstrugglingautomakerstorightthemselveswithashort-termcash-infusion.
C、narrowlyavoidedignoranceofbasicprinciplesoffairnessandeconomicrealities.
D、successfullysavedtheautomaker-giantswhilestrivingforpoliticalgoals.
标准答案:C'」」」
知识点解析:事实细节题。答案在第一段。其中讲到奥巴马政府过度干涉美国汽车
制造商,特别是最近通用汽车公司的问题,险些卷入金融操纵的危险境地,那样就
会无视公平的基本原则和经济现状,C项与之相符。A项laborforce与后文讲述的
政府与UAW交好的事实相悖;B项是理论上政府应该采取的策略,然而并没有证
据表明政府己经这样做;D项successfullysaved与原文dangerously相悖。
2、Thestatement"calltheshots"(Line3,Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto
A、implementstrategies.
B、havethefinalsay.
C、seekcompromises.
D、makeconcessions.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:语义理解题。这类题型需要根据上下文推断出词义。文中前一句讲到
政府实际就代表了通用公司,按照逻辑推理,可知政府在与债权人谈判中。它可以
代表通用公司做决定,由此可知B项“有决定权”正确。A项“贯彻策略”泛泛而谈,
且“策略”无出处;后一句说到奥巴马政府对债券持有人态度强硬(playhardball),可
排除C项“寻求和解”和D项“做出让步”。
3、Ifithadnotbeenwatchedbythegovernment,GMwouldprobablyhave
A、imposednopressureonbondholderstotakethe10%equitystake.
B、cutthepercentageofequitystakecontrolledbytheUAW.
C>tornupitsUAWcollectivebargainingagreementinanillegalway.
D、launchedstaff-downsizingandreducedworkers'wagesandbenefits.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:推理判断题。第二段讲到因为有政府的监管,上述协议才能达成。因
此可以推断出,如果没有政府帮助,UAW很可能就得不到39%这么多的股权,故
B项与之相符。A项imposednopressure无法推理,原文只提出政府的介人使得债
券持有人只获得了10%的股权,并未提及在政府坐视不理的假设下公司会向债券
持有人施压:C项的illegal与第三段中“依照法律,通用公司可以撕毁和工人联合
会的劳资协议”矛盾;D项downsizing并未提及。
4、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheUAWgivestoppriorityto
A、takingitsownershipstakeinGM.
B、enlargingtheretireehealth-carefund.
C>raisingworkers'wagesandbenefits.
D、validatingthecontractwithGM.
标准答案:D
知识点解析:推理判断题。属段落细节推断。原文提到“废除合同的威胁很可能促
成了工会在上周同意了有关降低成本的措施。”因为工人联合会担心协议被撕毁将
一无所得,所以才同意了有关降低成本的措施。由此可见,他们最希望的就是能够
保全之前与公司签订的协议,故D项正确。A项并非toppriority,仅仅soften
thesting;B项"增加退休人员的医保基金”未在此处提及;C项welfareandbenefiis
并未提及。
5、Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?
A、TheUAWshouldbefullysatisfiedinordertoavoidastrike.
B、Theadministrationhasgivenmorethanenoughsympathytotheworkers.
C、Theunfairtreatmentcanmakefutureinvestorslosetrustinthegovernment.
D、Legitimateconcernsareonlytoolsofthegovernmenttoachievepoliticalgoals.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:观点态度题。从全文意义以及最后一段可以推断出作者的观点态度,
即政府行为会导致投资者不愿再把钱投资到与政府有关的企业中,因为政府可能会
损害他们的利益来保护劳工权益,C项与之相符。A项“为了避免罢工,应该要尽
量满足UAW的要求”、B项“政府已经给予工人坡大限度的同情”均是政府托词,
而非作者意见:D项”合理考虑仅仅是政府为达到政治目的而使用的手段”未提及。
Biographiescanbewearisomecontrivances,oftentoolongandtoodetailedfortheirown
good.Biographersmake(hemistakeofspendingtoomuchtimeworshippingtheir
subjects.Thinkoftheauthoritativethree-vokimelifeofRobertFrostbyLawrence
Thompson,forexample,andhowthebiographerpassed,overthemanyyearsofits
making,fromheroworshiptointensedislikeofthcpoc;heshadowedforalmostaquarter
ofacentury.Yes,toolongandintenseanacquaintancecanleadtosourness.Asthe
bicentenaryofCharlesDarwin'sbirthonFebruary12thapproaches,itisgoodto
welcomeabiographywhichisrelativelysmall,butinnowaysuperficialormeager.Rulh
Padelhasachievedthisfeatbywritinghergreat-great-grandfather'slifeinasequenceof
oftenquiteshortpoems.Throughherversessheseekstocapturethe"voice"ofDarwin.
MsPadelembedsmanyofDarwin'sownwords-fromhisbooksorhisletters-inher
poems,andtheresultstendtogivethesenseofbeingjointlyauthored.Sometimesshe
shapesentirepiecesofquotationintoherownpoeticpassages.Ifthisseemstobeabitof
slyplagiarism,itdoesn'tfeellikeit.Itfeelsmorelikeaskillfulactofcollaboration
betweenthelivingandthedead,onemeldingeasilywiththeother.Whydoesthisbook
worksowell?Howdoesitmanagetosaysomuchinsofewwords?MsPadelseemsto
havecaughttheessenceoftheman's.character,asifinabutterflynet.Sheentersintohis
castofmind,bringingacrosshishyper-sensitivity,hissenseoffragility,hislifelong
boldness,andthepoemsareasequenceofsnapshots-oftensmall,intermittentand
delicatelyimagistic-ofparticularlycrucialincidentsinhislife;ofmomentsof
intellectualillumination.Itisnoteasytodescribeawholelifeinrelativelyfewwords.
Youneedtofindsomewayoffillinginthebackground.MsPadelhasovercomethis
problembyhavingparagraphsofnotesrun,inasinglecolumn,besidethetextsofthe
poemssothattheycanbereadsidebyside.Andwhyarepoemsagoodwayof
illuminatingalifesuchasDarwin's?Thebestlyricpoems—thinkofKeatsorShelley,
forexample—aremomentsofsuddeninsight.AndDarwin,throughout,wasinthegripof
somethingverysimilar:aterrible,destabilizingsenseofwonder.Hesensedhintsofihe
marvelouseverywherehelooked.Allthesadderthen—andthisissomethingthatMs
Padeldoesnotexplain—that,laterinlife,themanwhocarriedwithhimontheBeagle
ChannelacopyofMilton's"ParadiseLost"foundthathecouldnolongerenjoypoetry.
6、Accordingtotheauthor,biographiescanbecomeboringbecausetheyareloo
A^short.
B、detailed.
C、authoritative.
D、superficial.
标准答案:B
知识点解析:事实细节题。根据题干可定位至第一段第一句。其中说到传记常常因
为写得过于冗长详尽而令人庆倦,因此可知正确答案为B项。A项“太短”,这并不
会引起读者的厌倦,此项与文意相反;C项“权威的”只是罗伯特.弗罗斯特三卷本
传记的一个特点,并非芍记令读者厌倦的原因;D项意为“肤浅的”,原文第二段提
到的是帕德尔女士写的达尔文传记不肤浅,但这并不能推断出肤浅的传记会让读者
厌烦,这是过度推断。
7、TheexampleofLawrenceThompsonistoshowthat
A、it'smostlikelythatacquaintancesdislikeeachotherinthelongrun.
B、biographershavetoshowallthegoodnessoftheirsubjects.
C、over-worshippingthesubjectmightcauseemotionalchangesofbiographers.
D、otherbiographersmaycriticizetheauthorfbrshowingtoomuchworshipping.
标准答案:C
知识点解析:事实细节题,考查例证细节。根据LawrenceThompson定位至第一
段。其中说到随着时间毒移,汤普森对弗罗斯特由崇拜转为厌恶。因此可知正确答
案为C项。A项所说的是“熟人”,并不是作传的对象,与题意无关:B项“传记作
者必须展现作传对象的全部优点”、D项”其他的传记作者也许会批评作者过度崇拜
其传记对象”,文中均未提及。
8、CharlesDarwin'sbiographybyRuthPadel
A、quotedmanyofRuth'sbooksandletters.
R、usedDarwin飞ownpneticpassages.
C、plagiarizedtheentirepiecesofotherbiographies.
D、feelslikeajointworkbytheauthorandthesubject.
标准答案:D-
知识点解析:事实细节题。根据RuthPad日可定位至第二段。文中说“感觉像是她
和达尔文合写的一样”、“更像是生者和逝者的完美合奏“,因此可知D项正确。帕
德尔引用的是达尔文的祚品,而不是她自己的作品,因此A项错误;B项说引用
了达尔文的诗歌,但文中只是说他的著作和书信中的话语被引用到帕德尔的诗歌
中,因此B项也排除:C项说完全抄袭了其他传记作者的作品,不符合文意,因为
文中指出,如果有抄袭嫌疑的话.抄袭的也是达尔文的作品,因此C项错误。
9、Darwin'sbiographybyMsPadelturnsouttobeagreatsuccessbecauseMsPadel
A、hasmadeaninsightfulcommentonDarwin'sparticularnature.
B、triestointroduceeverythingcrucialinadetailedandclearway.
C、isabletoprovidecomprehensivebackgroundknowledgeoftheman.
D、usesanewwayofofferingideasandnotestothereaders.
标准答案:A'
知识点解析:事实细节题,考查因果细节。根据success定位至第三段。本段一开
始就问“为何这本传记如此成功?”随后给出了答案:抓住了达尔文性格的本质特
征。因此A项“以深刻的见解谈论了达尔文独特的性格”正确。文中说的是她记录
了达尔文生命中极其重要的时刻,而不是详细地叙述每个细节,因此B项与文意
不符;她也没有提供“全面的”背景知识。因此C项也错误;D项所说的新方法只是
方便读者阅读,也不是成功的原因,应排除。
10、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?
A、Biographieshavetobewrittenintheformofpoemswithnotes.
B、It'sgenerallyadvisabletodescribepeople'slifeinfewerwords.
C、PoemisthebestwayofdepictingthewonderfullifeofDarwin.
D、Darwin^lifeisfilledwithmomentsofsuddeninsights,aspoemssuggest.
标准答案:D--
知识点解析:推理判断题。最后一段说诗歌像是一次次顿悟,而达尔文的人生也是
如此,因此D项正确。A项“传记必须以诗歌加注的形式写成”说法过于绝对,与文
意不符;B项“用更少的文字写传记通常是明智的”,这是第一段观点,最后两段并
无此意;C错在best,原文用了good,并无"最''的君义,故排除。
二、阅读9翻译句子)(本题共70题,每题1.0分,共
70分。)
Lifeisunfair,aseventheBibleacknowledges.Wecan'tallhitabaseballlikeDiMaggio
orsingliketheBeatles.Buthowmuchdoweunderstandaboutthosewhocan?Not
enough,saysMalcolmGladwell,inhisnewbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.[Fl]
WealtributeiheBeailes'「abuloussuccessloiheiramazin。musicallalents.whereas
GladwellhasadifYerenlexplanalion—asadelenninantofsuccess,lalenlisoverrated,
comparedwith,amongolherthingsJuck.OutliersopenswithatypicallyGladwellian
puzzle:whyaresomanyprofessionalhockeyplayersbornearlyintheyear?[F2]It
turnsoutthatCanadianYouthLeaguesgroupplayersbyage,basedonacalendaryear,so
aplayerbominJanuarywillbetheoldestonhisteam,enjoyingabigdifierenceinsize
andmaturity.Theearlybirdsgetmoreplayingtimeandcoaching,advantagesthat
becomeself-reinforcing,spellingthedifferencebetweenaNationalHockeyLeague
careerandajobasahigh-schoolcoach.Lifeisunfair.[F3]Similarly,Gladwell
calculatesthatthebestforasoftwaregeniustobebomwas1955-justoldenough
forthestartoftheDcrsonal-computcrrevolutioninthemid-1970s.Thatistheyearwhen
BillGatesandSteveJobswereborn.Obviously,noteveryonebomthatyearbecamea
billionaire;GatesandJobshaddistinctivetalents,buttheyalsohaduniqueopportunities
growingup.Almostinvariably,Gladwellsays,geniusesaremade,notborn,anditwas
theirfamilies,schoolsandsocietiesthatmadethem.[F4]AsevidenceGladwellbrings
tobearhisownhistory,asthesonofaJamaicanwomanoflimitedmeanswhowona
scholarshiptostudyattheUniversityofLondon.HermarriagetoanEnglishmanthere
beganthefamily'sascentintotheeducatedelite.Hemaintainsthathismotherwasthe
beneficiaryofherownmother'sinitiativeandafavorableenvironment.Andsoarewe
all.Thereadershouldfeelfreetocitecounterexamples-Shakespeare,thesonofa
provincialtraderinhidesandgrain?Einstein,dreamingawayinanobscurepatent
office?——youwon'tdiscomfortGladwell.[F5]Healwaysbuildsanargumenloutof
absorbinganecdotesandeyc-opcningstatistics,thenhappilymoveson2hisnextpoint,
leavingthereaderwithafainthintofbuyer'sremorseaboutthealmosttoo-perfcct
packageofideas.Nootherwritertodaycanpullthissortofthingoffsowell.IfIhadn't
justreadGladwell'sbook,I'dbejealousofhistalent,insteadofhisluck.
11、[Fl]
标准答案:我们常把甲壳虫乐队的骄人成就归因于他们惊人的音乐天赋,然而,格
拉德威尔却有着他独特的见解——天赋确实是取得成功的一个决定性因素,但是跟
其他因素如运气相比,天赋的作用被过分夸大了。
知识点解析:暂无解析
12、[F2]
标准答案:原来,在加拿大青少年曲棍球联队,球员的年龄以日历年来算,球队根
据他们的年龄对其进行分组。因此1月份出生的球员在球队中年龄是最大的,他们
在体格和成熟程度方面有很大的优势。
知识点解析:暂无解析
13、[F3]
标准答案:同样,格拉德威尔推测软件才子出生的最佳年份应该是1955年——因
为20世纪70年代中期,个人计算机革命才刚刚起步,而这些1955年出生的人此
时正是风华正茂。
知识点解析:暂无解析
14、[F4]
标准答案:为了更好地证明上述论点,格拉德威尔还摆出了自己的家史,他的母亲
出生在_个财力有限的牙买加人家,她获取了奖学金有了到伦敦大学学习的机会。
知识点解析:暂无解析
15、[F5]
标准答案:他经常利用引入人胜的趣闻以及令人瞠目的数据来论证他的观点,然后
欢快地论述下一个观点,而读者就像一个买了东西的人那样,在读完他那套几近完
美的理论之后不免产生一丝懊悔。
知识点解析:暂无解析
TheRomanticMovementemphasizedthecreativeartistratherthanthenaturalworldas
theoriginofbeauty.[Fl]According>oIhaRomantics,itwasbyencounteringideasand
feelingscrystallizedinworksofartthatwccouldobtaintheonenesswiththeschemeof
thingswhichtheEnlighlenmenlphilosophershadlookedforintheworksofnalure.The
self-expressionoftheartistwasendowedwiththeauthorityofrevelation.Originality
ratherthanconventionbecamethecriterionofartisticsuccess,andtheindividual
transgressionattainedavalueasgreatasanyobediencetosocialnorms.[F2]Inour
limeihisRomanticconceplionofiheartislhasbeenlakenlosuchexlremesihatweno
longerknowwhelherarlandbeaulyhavemuchtodowi【honeanolher.Manypeople
concludethatartisnotwhatitwasoncecrackeduptobe,thatitisnotaboutthe
beautiful,thegrandandthetranscendent,butthatitisaskilllikeanyotherandthatthe
greatestpartoftheskillisself-advertisement.Todaypeoplearcalittlemorecynicalthan
theywere.Butthisisnotbecausetheyhavelosttheinterestinbeautyortheneed
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