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考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷210

一、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共70题,每题7.0

分,共70分。)

Intheory,agovernmentbailoutshouldprovideashort-tcrmHinfusionofcashtogivea

strugglingcompanythechancetorightitself.ButinitsaggressivedealingswithU.S.

automakers,mostrecentlyGeneralMotors,theObamaadministrationiscoming

dangerouslyclosetoengaginginfinancialengineeringthatignoresbasicprinciplesof

fairnessandeconomicrealitiestoachievepoliticalgoals.Itisnowclearthatthereisno

realdifferencebetweenthegovernmentandGM.Forallintentsandpurposes,the

government,whichissettoassumea50percentequitystakeinthecompany,isGM,and

ithasbeencallingtheshotsinnegotiationswithcreditors.WhiletheObama

administrationhasbeenplayinghardballwithbondholders,ithasbeenmorethanhappy

toplaynicewiththeUnitedAutoWorkers(UAW).Howelsetoexplainwhyaretiree

health-carefundcontrolledbytheUAWisgoingtogeta39percentequitystakeinGM

foritsremaining$10billioninclaimswhilebondholdersarebeingpressuredtotakea10

percentstakefortheir$27billion?It'shighlyunlikelythattheautoindustryprofessionals

atGMwouldhavereachedsuchadealifthegovernmenthadnotbeenwatchingthem一

orprovidingthemoneyneededtokeepthefactorydoorsopen.GMiswidelyexpectedto

fileforbankruptcybeforetheendofthismonth.Ifthiswereatypicalbankruptcy,the

companywouldbeallowedbylawtotearupitsUAWcollectivebargainingagreement

andnegotiatefordrasticallyreducedwagesandbenefits.Surely,thegovernmentwon't

letthathappen.Still,thethreatofacontractabolitionprobablyplayedaroleinthe

union'sagreementtocost-cuttingmeasureslastweek.It'snevereasyforunionstomake

concessions,butthestingofhandingbackmoneyisbeingsoftenedbythegovernment's

desiretogivetheunionahugeownershipstakeinGM.Theadministrationarguesthatit

couldnotriskalienatingtheunionforfearoftriggeringastrikethatcouldpermanently

crippleGM.Italsoassumesthatithadtoagreetoprotectsuppliersandfundwarranties

inordertopreservejobsandreassurepotentialbuyersthattheircarswouldbeserviced.

Thesearelegitimateconcerns.Butit'stoobadthattheObamaadministrationhasnot

thoughtmoredeeplyabouthowitsbullyingofbondholderscouldconvincefuture

investorsthatthelastthingtheywanttodoisputmoneyintoanycompanythatthe

governmenthas-orcould-becomeinvolvedin.

1、InitsdealingswithU.S.automakers,theObamaadministrationhas

A-.beenhardonshareholdersandautoindustrylaborforce.

B、helpedstrugglingautomakerstorightthemselveswithashort-termcash-infusion.

C、narrowlyavoidedignoranceofbasicprinciplesoffairnessandeconomicrealities.

D、successfullysavedtheautomaker-giantswhilestrivingforpoliticalgoals.

标准答案:C'」」」

知识点解析:事实细节题。答案在第一段。其中讲到奥巴马政府过度干涉美国汽车

制造商,特别是最近通用汽车公司的问题,险些卷入金融操纵的危险境地,那样就

会无视公平的基本原则和经济现状,C项与之相符。A项laborforce与后文讲述的

政府与UAW交好的事实相悖;B项是理论上政府应该采取的策略,然而并没有证

据表明政府己经这样做;D项successfullysaved与原文dangerously相悖。

2、Thestatement"calltheshots"(Line3,Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto

A、implementstrategies.

B、havethefinalsay.

C、seekcompromises.

D、makeconcessions.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:语义理解题。这类题型需要根据上下文推断出词义。文中前一句讲到

政府实际就代表了通用公司,按照逻辑推理,可知政府在与债权人谈判中。它可以

代表通用公司做决定,由此可知B项“有决定权”正确。A项“贯彻策略”泛泛而谈,

且“策略”无出处;后一句说到奥巴马政府对债券持有人态度强硬(playhardball),可

排除C项“寻求和解”和D项“做出让步”。

3、Ifithadnotbeenwatchedbythegovernment,GMwouldprobablyhave

A、imposednopressureonbondholderstotakethe10%equitystake.

B、cutthepercentageofequitystakecontrolledbytheUAW.

C>tornupitsUAWcollectivebargainingagreementinanillegalway.

D、launchedstaff-downsizingandreducedworkers'wagesandbenefits.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:推理判断题。第二段讲到因为有政府的监管,上述协议才能达成。因

此可以推断出,如果没有政府帮助,UAW很可能就得不到39%这么多的股权,故

B项与之相符。A项imposednopressure无法推理,原文只提出政府的介人使得债

券持有人只获得了10%的股权,并未提及在政府坐视不理的假设下公司会向债券

持有人施压:C项的illegal与第三段中“依照法律,通用公司可以撕毁和工人联合

会的劳资协议”矛盾;D项downsizing并未提及。

4、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheUAWgivestoppriorityto

A、takingitsownershipstakeinGM.

B、enlargingtheretireehealth-carefund.

C>raisingworkers'wagesandbenefits.

D、validatingthecontractwithGM.

标准答案:D

知识点解析:推理判断题。属段落细节推断。原文提到“废除合同的威胁很可能促

成了工会在上周同意了有关降低成本的措施。”因为工人联合会担心协议被撕毁将

一无所得,所以才同意了有关降低成本的措施。由此可见,他们最希望的就是能够

保全之前与公司签订的协议,故D项正确。A项并非toppriority,仅仅soften

thesting;B项"增加退休人员的医保基金”未在此处提及;C项welfareandbenefiis

并未提及。

5、Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

A、TheUAWshouldbefullysatisfiedinordertoavoidastrike.

B、Theadministrationhasgivenmorethanenoughsympathytotheworkers.

C、Theunfairtreatmentcanmakefutureinvestorslosetrustinthegovernment.

D、Legitimateconcernsareonlytoolsofthegovernmenttoachievepoliticalgoals.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:观点态度题。从全文意义以及最后一段可以推断出作者的观点态度,

即政府行为会导致投资者不愿再把钱投资到与政府有关的企业中,因为政府可能会

损害他们的利益来保护劳工权益,C项与之相符。A项“为了避免罢工,应该要尽

量满足UAW的要求”、B项“政府已经给予工人坡大限度的同情”均是政府托词,

而非作者意见:D项”合理考虑仅仅是政府为达到政治目的而使用的手段”未提及。

Biographiescanbewearisomecontrivances,oftentoolongandtoodetailedfortheirown

good.Biographersmake(hemistakeofspendingtoomuchtimeworshippingtheir

subjects.Thinkoftheauthoritativethree-vokimelifeofRobertFrostbyLawrence

Thompson,forexample,andhowthebiographerpassed,overthemanyyearsofits

making,fromheroworshiptointensedislikeofthcpoc;heshadowedforalmostaquarter

ofacentury.Yes,toolongandintenseanacquaintancecanleadtosourness.Asthe

bicentenaryofCharlesDarwin'sbirthonFebruary12thapproaches,itisgoodto

welcomeabiographywhichisrelativelysmall,butinnowaysuperficialormeager.Rulh

Padelhasachievedthisfeatbywritinghergreat-great-grandfather'slifeinasequenceof

oftenquiteshortpoems.Throughherversessheseekstocapturethe"voice"ofDarwin.

MsPadelembedsmanyofDarwin'sownwords-fromhisbooksorhisletters-inher

poems,andtheresultstendtogivethesenseofbeingjointlyauthored.Sometimesshe

shapesentirepiecesofquotationintoherownpoeticpassages.Ifthisseemstobeabitof

slyplagiarism,itdoesn'tfeellikeit.Itfeelsmorelikeaskillfulactofcollaboration

betweenthelivingandthedead,onemeldingeasilywiththeother.Whydoesthisbook

worksowell?Howdoesitmanagetosaysomuchinsofewwords?MsPadelseemsto

havecaughttheessenceoftheman's.character,asifinabutterflynet.Sheentersintohis

castofmind,bringingacrosshishyper-sensitivity,hissenseoffragility,hislifelong

boldness,andthepoemsareasequenceofsnapshots-oftensmall,intermittentand

delicatelyimagistic-ofparticularlycrucialincidentsinhislife;ofmomentsof

intellectualillumination.Itisnoteasytodescribeawholelifeinrelativelyfewwords.

Youneedtofindsomewayoffillinginthebackground.MsPadelhasovercomethis

problembyhavingparagraphsofnotesrun,inasinglecolumn,besidethetextsofthe

poemssothattheycanbereadsidebyside.Andwhyarepoemsagoodwayof

illuminatingalifesuchasDarwin's?Thebestlyricpoems—thinkofKeatsorShelley,

forexample—aremomentsofsuddeninsight.AndDarwin,throughout,wasinthegripof

somethingverysimilar:aterrible,destabilizingsenseofwonder.Hesensedhintsofihe

marvelouseverywherehelooked.Allthesadderthen—andthisissomethingthatMs

Padeldoesnotexplain—that,laterinlife,themanwhocarriedwithhimontheBeagle

ChannelacopyofMilton's"ParadiseLost"foundthathecouldnolongerenjoypoetry.

6、Accordingtotheauthor,biographiescanbecomeboringbecausetheyareloo

A^short.

B、detailed.

C、authoritative.

D、superficial.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:事实细节题。根据题干可定位至第一段第一句。其中说到传记常常因

为写得过于冗长详尽而令人庆倦,因此可知正确答案为B项。A项“太短”,这并不

会引起读者的厌倦,此项与文意相反;C项“权威的”只是罗伯特.弗罗斯特三卷本

传记的一个特点,并非芍记令读者厌倦的原因;D项意为“肤浅的”,原文第二段提

到的是帕德尔女士写的达尔文传记不肤浅,但这并不能推断出肤浅的传记会让读者

厌烦,这是过度推断。

7、TheexampleofLawrenceThompsonistoshowthat

A、it'smostlikelythatacquaintancesdislikeeachotherinthelongrun.

B、biographershavetoshowallthegoodnessoftheirsubjects.

C、over-worshippingthesubjectmightcauseemotionalchangesofbiographers.

D、otherbiographersmaycriticizetheauthorfbrshowingtoomuchworshipping.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:事实细节题,考查例证细节。根据LawrenceThompson定位至第一

段。其中说到随着时间毒移,汤普森对弗罗斯特由崇拜转为厌恶。因此可知正确答

案为C项。A项所说的是“熟人”,并不是作传的对象,与题意无关:B项“传记作

者必须展现作传对象的全部优点”、D项”其他的传记作者也许会批评作者过度崇拜

其传记对象”,文中均未提及。

8、CharlesDarwin'sbiographybyRuthPadel

A、quotedmanyofRuth'sbooksandletters.

R、usedDarwin飞ownpneticpassages.

C、plagiarizedtheentirepiecesofotherbiographies.

D、feelslikeajointworkbytheauthorandthesubject.

标准答案:D-

知识点解析:事实细节题。根据RuthPad日可定位至第二段。文中说“感觉像是她

和达尔文合写的一样”、“更像是生者和逝者的完美合奏“,因此可知D项正确。帕

德尔引用的是达尔文的祚品,而不是她自己的作品,因此A项错误;B项说引用

了达尔文的诗歌,但文中只是说他的著作和书信中的话语被引用到帕德尔的诗歌

中,因此B项也排除:C项说完全抄袭了其他传记作者的作品,不符合文意,因为

文中指出,如果有抄袭嫌疑的话.抄袭的也是达尔文的作品,因此C项错误。

9、Darwin'sbiographybyMsPadelturnsouttobeagreatsuccessbecauseMsPadel

A、hasmadeaninsightfulcommentonDarwin'sparticularnature.

B、triestointroduceeverythingcrucialinadetailedandclearway.

C、isabletoprovidecomprehensivebackgroundknowledgeoftheman.

D、usesanewwayofofferingideasandnotestothereaders.

标准答案:A'

知识点解析:事实细节题,考查因果细节。根据success定位至第三段。本段一开

始就问“为何这本传记如此成功?”随后给出了答案:抓住了达尔文性格的本质特

征。因此A项“以深刻的见解谈论了达尔文独特的性格”正确。文中说的是她记录

了达尔文生命中极其重要的时刻,而不是详细地叙述每个细节,因此B项与文意

不符;她也没有提供“全面的”背景知识。因此C项也错误;D项所说的新方法只是

方便读者阅读,也不是成功的原因,应排除。

10、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

A、Biographieshavetobewrittenintheformofpoemswithnotes.

B、It'sgenerallyadvisabletodescribepeople'slifeinfewerwords.

C、PoemisthebestwayofdepictingthewonderfullifeofDarwin.

D、Darwin^lifeisfilledwithmomentsofsuddeninsights,aspoemssuggest.

标准答案:D--

知识点解析:推理判断题。最后一段说诗歌像是一次次顿悟,而达尔文的人生也是

如此,因此D项正确。A项“传记必须以诗歌加注的形式写成”说法过于绝对,与文

意不符;B项“用更少的文字写传记通常是明智的”,这是第一段观点,最后两段并

无此意;C错在best,原文用了good,并无"最''的君义,故排除。

二、阅读9翻译句子)(本题共70题,每题1.0分,共

70分。)

Lifeisunfair,aseventheBibleacknowledges.Wecan'tallhitabaseballlikeDiMaggio

orsingliketheBeatles.Buthowmuchdoweunderstandaboutthosewhocan?Not

enough,saysMalcolmGladwell,inhisnewbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.[Fl]

WealtributeiheBeailes'「abuloussuccessloiheiramazin。musicallalents.whereas

GladwellhasadifYerenlexplanalion—asadelenninantofsuccess,lalenlisoverrated,

comparedwith,amongolherthingsJuck.OutliersopenswithatypicallyGladwellian

puzzle:whyaresomanyprofessionalhockeyplayersbornearlyintheyear?[F2]It

turnsoutthatCanadianYouthLeaguesgroupplayersbyage,basedonacalendaryear,so

aplayerbominJanuarywillbetheoldestonhisteam,enjoyingabigdifierenceinsize

andmaturity.Theearlybirdsgetmoreplayingtimeandcoaching,advantagesthat

becomeself-reinforcing,spellingthedifferencebetweenaNationalHockeyLeague

careerandajobasahigh-schoolcoach.Lifeisunfair.[F3]Similarly,Gladwell

calculatesthatthebestforasoftwaregeniustobebomwas1955-justoldenough

forthestartoftheDcrsonal-computcrrevolutioninthemid-1970s.Thatistheyearwhen

BillGatesandSteveJobswereborn.Obviously,noteveryonebomthatyearbecamea

billionaire;GatesandJobshaddistinctivetalents,buttheyalsohaduniqueopportunities

growingup.Almostinvariably,Gladwellsays,geniusesaremade,notborn,anditwas

theirfamilies,schoolsandsocietiesthatmadethem.[F4]AsevidenceGladwellbrings

tobearhisownhistory,asthesonofaJamaicanwomanoflimitedmeanswhowona

scholarshiptostudyattheUniversityofLondon.HermarriagetoanEnglishmanthere

beganthefamily'sascentintotheeducatedelite.Hemaintainsthathismotherwasthe

beneficiaryofherownmother'sinitiativeandafavorableenvironment.Andsoarewe

all.Thereadershouldfeelfreetocitecounterexamples-Shakespeare,thesonofa

provincialtraderinhidesandgrain?Einstein,dreamingawayinanobscurepatent

office?——youwon'tdiscomfortGladwell.[F5]Healwaysbuildsanargumenloutof

absorbinganecdotesandeyc-opcningstatistics,thenhappilymoveson2hisnextpoint,

leavingthereaderwithafainthintofbuyer'sremorseaboutthealmosttoo-perfcct

packageofideas.Nootherwritertodaycanpullthissortofthingoffsowell.IfIhadn't

justreadGladwell'sbook,I'dbejealousofhistalent,insteadofhisluck.

11、[Fl]

标准答案:我们常把甲壳虫乐队的骄人成就归因于他们惊人的音乐天赋,然而,格

拉德威尔却有着他独特的见解——天赋确实是取得成功的一个决定性因素,但是跟

其他因素如运气相比,天赋的作用被过分夸大了。

知识点解析:暂无解析

12、[F2]

标准答案:原来,在加拿大青少年曲棍球联队,球员的年龄以日历年来算,球队根

据他们的年龄对其进行分组。因此1月份出生的球员在球队中年龄是最大的,他们

在体格和成熟程度方面有很大的优势。

知识点解析:暂无解析

13、[F3]

标准答案:同样,格拉德威尔推测软件才子出生的最佳年份应该是1955年——因

为20世纪70年代中期,个人计算机革命才刚刚起步,而这些1955年出生的人此

时正是风华正茂。

知识点解析:暂无解析

14、[F4]

标准答案:为了更好地证明上述论点,格拉德威尔还摆出了自己的家史,他的母亲

出生在_个财力有限的牙买加人家,她获取了奖学金有了到伦敦大学学习的机会。

知识点解析:暂无解析

15、[F5]

标准答案:他经常利用引入人胜的趣闻以及令人瞠目的数据来论证他的观点,然后

欢快地论述下一个观点,而读者就像一个买了东西的人那样,在读完他那套几近完

美的理论之后不免产生一丝懊悔。

知识点解析:暂无解析

TheRomanticMovementemphasizedthecreativeartistratherthanthenaturalworldas

theoriginofbeauty.[Fl]According>oIhaRomantics,itwasbyencounteringideasand

feelingscrystallizedinworksofartthatwccouldobtaintheonenesswiththeschemeof

thingswhichtheEnlighlenmenlphilosophershadlookedforintheworksofnalure.The

self-expressionoftheartistwasendowedwiththeauthorityofrevelation.Originality

ratherthanconventionbecamethecriterionofartisticsuccess,andtheindividual

transgressionattainedavalueasgreatasanyobediencetosocialnorms.[F2]Inour

limeihisRomanticconceplionofiheartislhasbeenlakenlosuchexlremesihatweno

longerknowwhelherarlandbeaulyhavemuchtodowi【honeanolher.Manypeople

concludethatartisnotwhatitwasoncecrackeduptobe,thatitisnotaboutthe

beautiful,thegrandandthetranscendent,butthatitisaskilllikeanyotherandthatthe

greatestpartoftheskillisself-advertisement.Todaypeoplearcalittlemorecynicalthan

theywere.Butthisisnotbecausetheyhavelosttheinterestinbeautyortheneed

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