2025中考英语22.主题阅读-自然地理(解析版)

22.主题阅读-自然地理知识积累知识积累在有关自然地理阅读材料中，我们通常会遇到描述地球各个自然景观、气候特点、地理现象以及它们对人类生活影响的文章。这类阅读不仅要求我们掌握一定的词汇和语法，还需要我们具备理解和分析地理信息的能力。文章往往会通过生动的描述和具体的例子，让我们感受到大自然的奇妙和地理知识的实用性。在阅读过程中，我们需要注意文章中的细节描述，如地理位置、气候特征、地形地貌等，同时也要理解文章所传达的深层含义，比如人类与自然的关系、环境保护的重要性等。主题相关核心词汇‌‌geography‌地理学‌‌continent‌大陆‌‌ocean‌海洋‌‌mountain‌山‌‌river‌河流‌‌lake‌湖泊‌‌desert‌沙漠‌‌forest‌森林‌‌valley‌山谷‌‌glacier‌冰川‌‌plateau‌高原‌‌island‌岛屿‌‌peninsula‌半岛‌‌volcano‌火山‌‌earth‌地球‌‌sky‌天空‌‌star‌星，恒星‌‌sun‌太阳‌‌moon‌月球，月亮‌‌cave‌洞穴‌‌cliff‌悬崖‌‌swamp‌沼泽‌‌waterfall‌瀑布‌‌tundra‌苔原‌‌archipelago‌群岛‌‌equator‌赤道‌‌longitude‌经度‌‌latitude‌纬度‌‌erosion‌侵蚀‌‌delta‌三角洲‌‌canyon‌峡谷‌‌tsunami‌海啸‌‌drought‌干旱‌‌rainforest‌雨林‌‌savanna‌热带草原‌‌coralreef‌珊瑚礁‌‌estuary‌河口‌相关形容词‌‌自然的‌natural‌‌晴朗的‌clear/sunny‌‌多云的‌cloudy‌‌有风的‌windy‌‌多雨的‌rainy‌‌下雪的‌snowy‌‌暴风雨的‌stormy‌‌有雾的‌foggy‌‌温暖的‌warm‌‌热的‌hot‌‌凉爽的‌cool‌‌冷的‌cold‌‌干燥的‌dry‌‌湿的‌wet‌突破练习突破练习1ManyCanadiankidswokeuptothesmellofwildfiresmokelastsummer.Somearewondering:Isitdangerous?HowcanIprotectmyself?CBCKidsNewstalkedtotwochildren’slung(肺)experts,TomKovesiandDanHughes,tofindouthowkidscanstaysafe.Iswildfiresmokedangerous?Formostpeople,theeffectofwildfiresmokeisonlyshort-term.Effects(影响)canincludeirritation(刺激)oftheeyes,noseandthroat;coughingandshortnessofbreath.Theywillgetworsethemoretimeyouspendoutdoors,especiallyifyou’reactiveoutside—doingsportsandotherexercise.Ispendmysummersaroundacampfire.▲Thedifferencebetweencampfiresmokeandwildfiresmokeisthatwildfiresmokeishardertoavoid,Hughessaid.“Whenyou’recamping,youtypicallydon’tstayinfrontofafirefortoolong,”hesaid.“Andifit’sreallysmoky,you’dprobablysitupwindfromthesmokeortakeabreak.”Wildfiresmoke,ontheotherhand,iseverywhere.Therefore,theeffectscanbemorelong-termanddangerous.Thekeytostayingsafe?Stayinside.BothKovesiandHughesagreethatthebestthingforkidstodoisstayinsidewhenwildfiresmokeisintheair.“It’sespeciallyimportantforkidswhoaresuperactivetostopthoseactivities.Thisisnotthetimetogojogging,playsoccerandothersports,”Hughessaid.“Thoseactivitiesrequireyoutobreatheharderanddeeper,whichgivesyouagreaterexposure(暴露)tothesmokeandtheparticles(微粒)thesmokecarries.”Otherstepsyoucantake.It’sbesttocloseyourwindowsanddoorswheninside.Youcanalsouseanairconditioner(空调),ifyouhaveone,tofilter(过滤)theairmore.Kovesisaidthatmaskscanalsohelplowertheriskalittle,particularlyN95masks.Buttheyneedtobeworncorrectly.1．What’sthepurposeofParagraph1?A．Togiveanexample. B．Toleadintothetopic.C．Todescribeastory. D．Toaskaquestion.2．Wildfiresmokecanmakepeople________.A．dieyoung B．besuperactive C．stopcoughing D．feelbreathless3．Whichsentenceshouldbeputintothe________?A．Whereiscampfiresmokefrom? B．Howisitdifferentfromwildfiresmoke?C．Whatcauseswildfiresmoke? D．Howcanwestopthem?4．Whichofthefollowingcanwedotostaysafefromwildfiresmoke?A．ac B．ad C．bc D．cd5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howcankidsstaysafewhenthereiswildfiresmoke?B．Whatarethedifferencesbetweencampfiresmokeandwildfiresmoke?C．Whateffectsmaythewildfiresmokecause?D．Whatsportscanwedowhenwildfirehappens?2Weshouldallhaveatleastonefireextinguisher(灭火器)somewhereinourhouseorofficebuilding.However,it'snotenoughtosimplykeepanextinguishersomewhere.Thebestwaytobereadyforasuddenfireistostudythisguidecarefullyandreviewitfromtimetotime.{1}Haveaclearexitroute(疏散路线)Beforeusingthefireextinguisher,makesureyouhaveaclearexitroute.Ifyoucannotputoutthefire,youwillneedtomakeasafeexit.Also,makesureeveryoneelseisout.{2}ReportthefireEvenifthefireappearsmanageable,youshouldalwayshavethefiremenontheway.Oncetheyarrive,theycandouble-checktoseeifthefirehasbeencompletelyputout.{3}StandbackFacethefireandkeepyourbacktotheclearexit.Youshouldstaybetween1.8and2.5.metersawayfromtheflames(火焰)asyoupreparetousethefireextinguisher.{4}UsetheextinguisherItcanbedifficulttothinkclearlyduringafire.Onemethodtohelpyourememberhowtouseanextinguisheristoremember“PASS”:▶P-Pull:Pullthepinonthefireextinguisher.

▶A-Aim(瞄准):Aimlow.Pointthenozzleatthebottomofthefire.▶S-Squeeze:Squeeze(挤压)thehandletoletouttheextinguishingchemicals.▶S-Sweep:Sweepthenozzlefromsidetosideuntilthefireisputout.{5}_________Afterthefireappearstobeout,continuetowatchthefireareatomakesureitdoesn’tstartburningagain.Ifthefiredoesstartupagain,repeatthe“PASS”.{6}GottoasafeplaceOncethefireisout,orifyouareunabletoputitout,findaplaceoutofreachofthefire.1．Whatisthetextabout?A．Howtopreventabigfire. B．Howtouseanextinguisher.C．Howtokeepanextinguisher. D．Howtodealwithasuddenfire.2．Whyisafiremanneededevenifthefireisundercontrol?A．Toteachusefulmethods. B．Tomakesurethefireisout.C．Tofindthemissingpeople. D．Tohelpleavethedangerousplace.3．Whichorderofthepicturesdescribes“PASS”?A．②①④③ B．⑧②④① C．②④③① D．③①④②4．Whichisthemostproperfor_________?A．Keepaneyeonthings B．LookforasafeplacetogoC．Checkthelossinthefire D．Improvethe“PASS”process5．Inwhichtheme(主题)activityofaschoolcanthetextbeused?A．Abetterself. B．Safetywithme. C．Youngscientists. D．Home,sweethome3Fromredapplesandyellowlemonstoblueberriesandgreenmelons,fruitcomesinmanydifferentcolors.Whydodifferentkindsoffruithavesomanycolors?Fruitcolorsactuallycomefromtheirdifferentpigments(色素),suchasredoryellowcarotenoid(类胡萝卜素)andblueorpurpleanthocyanin(花青素).Thesepigmentsappearindifferentnumbers,dependingonthefruit’senvironment.Thiscausesthefruittoturnacertaincolor.Tofindouthowenvironmentaffectsfruitcolors,Chinesescientistsstudiedmorethan280differentfruitcolors,includingwhite,red,blue,purpleandblack.Theyfoundthatredfruittends(倾向)togrowincoolerplaces.Andinsteadofjustgrowinginoneplace,youcanfindthemgrowinginmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Blueandpurplefruitmostlygrowsinwarmerplaces.Thesefruitstendtogrowalotinjustonespecialarea.Thescientistsalsofoundthatthecloserthefruitistotheequator(赤道),thedarkeritscolorwillbe.Animalshavealsohadaninfluenceontheevolutionoffruitcolors.Animalseatfruitanddroptheseeds(种子)inotherplaceslater.Thishelpsthefruitspreadandgrowindifferentplaces.Therefore,inordertoattractanimals,somefruitdevelopcolorsthatareeasyforanimalstosee.However,animalsseecolorsinadifferentway.Fruitneedstodevelopcolorsthataresuitedtoanimals’seeingabilities.Forexample,birdscanseeredmoreeasilythanhumanscan.Therefore,theretendstobemoreredfruitinareaswherebirdslive.Thelemurs(狐猴)ofMadagascararered-greencolor-blind.Manyyellowfruitcanbefoundintheirlivingareas,astheycaneasilyseethiscolor.1．Accordingtoparagraph1,fruitcolorsdependon________.A．redcarotenoid B．blueanthocyaninC．theirnumbers D．theirenvironment2．Youaremorelikelytofindblueandpurplefruitin________places.A．cooler B．warmer C．higher D．lower3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolution”inparagraph3probablymeaninChinese?A．特性 B．辨识 C．演变 D．参数4．Somefruitdevelopcertaincolorsto________.A．frightenanimalsaway B．getmoresunlightC．attractanimalstoeatthem D．protectthemselves5．Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A．Darkfruitenjoysgrowingclosetotheequator.B．Greenfruitisfondofgrowingincoolplaces.C．Humanscanseeredmoreeasilythanbirds.D．Lemursarecolor-blindandcan’tseeanycolors.4Tomatoesarered,theskyisblue,andbananasareyellow,right?Well,notexactly—colordoesnotreallyexist(存在).Whatexistsislight.Lightisreal,butcolorisnot.Itisourbrainthatcreatescolor.We’retoldtotrustoureyes,butoureyeshavelittletodowithvision(视觉).Weseemuchmorewithourbrains.Yousometimesseedifferentcolorsbecauseyourbrainthinkstheyhaveadifferentmeaning.Thebraindoesthisbylookingatwhat’saroundtheobject.Hereisanexample.Ifyouseeapersonwearingawhiteshirtagainstdifferentbackgrounds,yourbrainmightexpressthesamewhitecolordifferently.Supposethispersonstandsinfrontofabrightyellowbackground,yourbrainmightthinkthewhiteshirtismorelikegray.Ifthepersonmovestoadarkbluebackground,thesamewhiteshirtmightappearclosertoabrightercolor.Coloriscreatedaccordingtoourpastexperiences,andsometimesthereareopticalillusions(视错觉).Thatisbecauseyourbrainincludestherecenthistoryofwhatyousaw,atleastforabrieftime.Butifyouwatchthethingforalongertime,yourbrainmayforgettherecenthistoryandseetherealcolor.Thisraisesthequestion:DoyouseewhatIsee?Theanswer,inshort,isno.Ourpastandpresentexperiencesaredifferent.Noneofusevenseestheworldasitreallyis,butasameaningthatcomesfromourownexperiences.It’sclearthatseeingisnotalwaysbelieving.1．Whatisrealaccordingtothewriter?A．Light. B．Mind. C．Meaning. D．Color.2．WhydoesthewritergiveanexampleinParagraph2?A．Tomakethetextlonger. B．Tomakeacomparison.C．Tosupporttheidea. D．Toshowaproblem.3．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?A．Colorisinfluencedbythebackgroundofanobject.B．Colorcomesfromourpastexperiences.C．Colorischangingallthetime.D．Whiteisthelightestcolor.4．Whichwordisclosetotheunderlinedword“brief”?A．Hard. B．Simple. C．Quick. D．Short.5．Whichcanbeapropertitleforthetext?A．DoesColorStaytheSame? B．IsSeeingReallyBelieving?C．DoYouSeeWhatISee? D．IsColoraRecentHistory?5Thenaturalworldisfullofcolors,seeninhumans,plants,andanimals.Humanskincomesindifferentshades(色块),whichisinfluencedbysunlight,emotions,andhealth.Whenwefeelstrongemotionslikeangerorexcitement,ourskincanturnredasaresultofincreasedbloodflowtotheface.Therefore,peopleoftensay“seeingred”whensomeoneisangry.Plantsalsousecolorstosurvive.Flowershavebrightcolorstoattractinsectslikebees,whichhelpwithpollination(授粉)bymovingpollenfromoneflowertoanother.Beescanseecolorswecan’t,sothey’reattractedtothesebrightflowers,whichisimportantfortheplants’reproduction.Withoutbees,manyplantswouldstruggletosurvive.Animalsalsousecolorsforsurvival.Somechangetheirfurorskincolorstoblendinwiththeirsurroundingsandavoidbeingseenbypredators(捕食者).Forexample,thesnowshoeharechangesitsfurfrombrowninthesummertowhiteinthewintertomatchthesnow.Othersusebrightcolorstowarnpredatorstostayaway.Insummary,colorsplaymanyrolesinthenaturalworld.Theycontributetothebeautyofourplanetandarehelpfulforlifetothrive.Fromthedifferenttonesofhumanskintothebrightcolorsofflowersandthepretendingstrategyofanimals,theroleofcolorinnatureisfascinatingandimportant.1．WhichisNOTthecausetochangehumanskincoloraccordingtothepassage?A．Sunlightexposure. B．Emotionalintensity.C．Healthconditions. D．Facialexpressions.2．Whydoflowershavebrightcolorsasmentionedinthepassage?A．Tomakethemeasiertomove. B．Toattractinsectsforpollination.C．Toprotectthemfrompredators. D．Tokeepthemwarmincolddays.3．Howdosomeanimalsusecolorsasasurvivalstrategyaccordingtothepassage?A．Bychangingcolorstomatchwithpredators.B．Byusingbrightcolorstoattractsomemates.C．Byusingcolorstokeepawayfrompredators.D．Bychangingcolorstoshowdifferentfeelings.4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Natureisbeautifulbecauseofitscolors.B．Flowersneedinsectstosurvivewell.C．Animalschangecolorstoavoidpredators.D．Colorsserveimportantfunctionsinnature.5．Howistheinformationorganizedinthispassage?A．Bylistingexamplesofcolorsinsomedangeroussituations.B．Bydiscussingthehistoryofcolorsdevelopmentinhumans.C．Bycomparingthecolorsofplants,animals,andhumans.D．Byshowingdifferentrolesofcolorsinthenaturalworld.6Differentcountrieshavedifferentlanguagesandcultures.Inthisarticle,I’llsimplyintroducethemeaningoftwocolorsbetweenChinaandWesterncountries.InChineseculture,redusuallyrepresents(代表)somethinggood.Thebrideandgroom(新娘和新郎)usuallywearredclothesattheirwedding,becausetheybelieveitwillbringhappinesstothem.ButinWesterncountries,redisthecolorofforceanditusuallyrepresentsastrongfeeling.Wearingredcanmakeiteasiertotakeaction.Sowhenyouhavedifficultymakingadecision,justwearred.Anothercolorisgreen.InChina,greenusuallyrepresentsanewlife,whichhasthesameculturewithWesterncountries.However,greenisalsothecolorofenvy(嫉妒)inWesterncountries.Sopeoplemaydescribesomeoneis“greenwithenvy”.Inaword,itcanbesaidthatcolorwordscarrydifferentcultures.LearningthedifferenceofcolormeaningsbetweenChinaandWesterncountriescannotonlyhelpustoknowaboutourculturesbetter,butalsoopenoureyes.Andit’salsointerestingtoknowabouttheculturaldifferencesbetweencountries.1．Whichtwocolorsarementionedinthepassage?A．Redandblack. B．Greenandred. C．Greenandpink. D．Redandpink.2．WhydothebrideandgroomusuallywearredclothesinChina?A．Tomakeadecision. B．Totakeactioneasily.C．Togethappiness. D．Toshowastrongfeeling.3．WhatdoesgreenrepresentbothinChineseandWesternculture?A．Strongenvy. B．Anaction. C．Anewlife. D．Specialfeeling.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“greenwithenvy”mostprobablymean?A．眼红的 B．后悔的 C．开心的 D．自豪的5．What’sthewriter’spurposeaccordingtothetext?A．Tointroducedifferentpeople. B．Tointroducemodernlanguages.C．Tointroduceculturaldifferences. D．Tointroducemeaninglesscolors.7Youhavejustfinishedeatinganapplewhileonacamp.Therearen’tanyrubbishbinsaround;whatdoyoudowiththeapplecore(核)?Ifyouanswered“throwitinthegrass”becauseyouthoughtfruitwouldnothaveabadinfluenceonnature,youarewrong.Accordingtothescientists,decomposition(分解)offruitlittertakesmuchlongertimethanyouimagine.Someofthese“natural”foodcantakeyearstodecomposedependingontheenvironmenttheyarein!Whenanimalsstarttogettheirfoodfrompeople,theymaystoplookingfortheirownfoodinnature.Thisisverydangerousbecauseanimalsneeddifferentfoodstostayhealthy.Foodwastealsodrawsanimalstogotoareaswheretherearealotofpeople.Andwhenfoodisthrownoutofacarwindow,animalsmaydevelopthehabitofsearchingroadsidesforfood,whichincreasesthechancesoftheirbeinghitbyacar.Infact,apples,bananasandorangesarenotfromwildforests.Iftheyareeatenbywildanimals,theywillprobablycausetheanimalstogetsick.Seeds(种子)ofthesefruitorvegetablesthatenduponthegroundcouldgrowintoanexoticplantthere.It’snotgoodtothelocalenvironment.Andthen,ofcourse,nobodywantstoseesomebodyelse’sfruitlitter,whichhasalreadygonebad,whileenjoyingthebeautifuloutdoors.So,nolitterissafelitter,notevenanapplecore.1．Howdoesthewriterstartthetext?A．Bycollectingreaders’answers. B．Bydescribingasituationinlife.C．Byencouragingpeopletoprotectnature. D．Byexplaininghowtodealwithfruitlitter.2．Whatinfluencewouldthrowingfoodwastehaveonanimals?A．Itprovidesdifferentfoodsforthem.B．Itpreventsthemfromdyingofhunger.C．Itmakesthemdependonhumanstoomuch.D．Itmakesthemdeveloptheabilitytoliveinnature.3．Theunderlinedword“exotic”inParagraph4means“________”.A．foreign B．beautiful C．bad D．strong4．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toadviseusnottoeatwhilecamping.B．Toaskustoprotectthewildanimals.C．Toexplainhowfoodwasteisdecomposed.D．Tocallonpeoplenottolitterfoodwaste.5．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．HEALTH B．ENVIRONMENT C．SPORTS D．PEOPLE8Whenanewcellphonestartstobesoldinstores,manypeoplerushouttobuyone.Weallwantthenewest,latestthing.Butwhatshouldwedowithouroldcellphones?MikeTownsendworksatTotalRecall,acellphonerecyclingcompany.“Don’tthrowyouroldphoneaway.Sendittousandwe’llrecycleit,”hesays.“Ifyouthrowitaway,itgoeswithotherrubbishtobecomelandfill.Inotherwords,itisputinabigholeintheground—anditbecomesabigproblem.”Cellphonescontainsometoxicmaterials(有毒物质),likelead,mercuryandcadmium.Ifyourphonegoestoalandfill,thesetoxicmaterialscangetoutandgetintothewaterundertheground.That’sthewaterwewanttothinkorthewaterthatgoesintoriversortheocean.Millionsofcellphonesarethrownawayeveryyear.“AtTotalRecall,wetaketheoldphonesapart.Mostofthematerialsinacellphonecanberecycledandusedagain,”explainsMike.“Wesellthepartsandtheyareusedtomakenewproducts.Forexample,phonebatteriescontainnickelandcadmium(镍币和镉).Thenickelisusedtomakesteel,andthecadmiumcanbeusedtomakenewbatteries.Theplasticcasesofthephonesaremadeintoplasticfenceposts(围栏柱子).”Mikesaysrecyclingyouroldphoneiseasy.“Youcanusuallytakeitintoacellphoneshopandthey’llsendittous.”So,beforeyouthrowyouroldcellphoneaway,useitonelasttime:searchforacellphonerecyclingcompanynearyouandgivethemacall.1．WhatkindofcompanyisTotalRecall?A．sellsnewcellphones B．recyclesoldcellphonesC．repairsoldcellphones D．producesnewcellphones2．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“landfill”?A．anareaoflandwherealargeamountofrubbishareburiedB．anareaoflandthatishigherthanthelandarounditC．somethingusedforfillingholesandseemsasalandD．somethingaddedtosoiltomakeplantsgrowfastandtall3．Whatwillhappeniftheoldcellphonesgotoalandfill?A．Theywillmakeabigholeinthegroundandcauseabigproblem.B．Acellphonecompanywillreuseandsellthemagain.C．Theywillbeusedtomakenewproductsinashorttime.D．Toxicmaterialswillcomeoutandgetintothewaterundertheground.4．Whichkindofthematerialscannotberecycledinphonebatteries?A．Cadmium. B．Mercury. C．Plasticcases. D．Nickel.5．Tonyhasanoldphone,whichofthefollowingistherightwaytodealwiththeoldcellphone?①breaktheoldphoneintopieces

②takeitintoacellphoneshop③throwitwithotherrubbish

④callforacellphonerecyclingcompanyA．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．②④9AIislikegivingsuperpowertocomputers.Ithelpsthemtolearnthingsanddotasksthatpeopleusuallydo.Accordingtoscientists,AIcouldbeusedtotelltheweathermorequicklyandcorrectlythantraditionalmethods.Thetraditionalwaytotelltheweatherisbycollectingdataonwhatishappeningintheair.Thedatamaycomefromplaceslikeweathersatellites,planesandsoon.Thenthedataissenttosupercomputersforweatherreports.Althoughsupercomputersarepowerful,itcantakemanyhourstoproduceresults.AImodelshavebeendevelopedtoquicklytellfutureweather.Theycantelltheweatherbyusingtwosetsofdata:theweatheratpresentandtheweatherfromsixhoursago.AImodelsareveryhelpful.Theycanbeusedonstandardcomputerslikeofficecomputers,anditonlytakesafewminutestogettheresults.However,theresultsmaynotincludeasmuchinformationasthoseproducedbytraditionalmodels.WillAItaketheplaceoftraditionalmodels?Scientistssayitprobablywon’t,butitwillbeusedtogetherwiththem.That’sbecauseAIstillneedstolearnfromthedatacollectedbytraditionalmethods.Buthopefully,AIwillbeabletodealwithtasksthatoldermethodsfinddifficult,suchastellingwhenandhowmuchitwillraininthenearfuture.Thiscouldgivepeopleenoughtimetosolvetheproblemscausedbybadweather.1．Thedataintraditionalweatherreportsmaycomefrom________.A．clouds B．towers C．trees D．planes2．HowdoesAIknowaboutfutureweather?A．Bylearningexperiencefromsatellites.B．Bycomparingpastandpresentweather.C．Bycollectingdatafromdifferentplaces.D．Bywatchingwhatishappeninginthesky.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“standard”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Huge. B．Slow. C．Ordinary. D．Expensive.4．WhichtaskwillAIprobablydoaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A．Offeringpeopleweathermaps.B．Reportinghowmuchitwillrain.C．Reportingwhenasnowwillend.D．Offeringfullweatherinformation.5．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AIWillCauseBadWeather.B．AICouldStopBadWeather.C．AICouldTellFutureWeather.D．AIWillChangeFutureWeather.10Thesunshinesagainafterrain,andyouseered,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,andpurplelightinthesky—arainbow.RefractioninActionSunlighthasallthecolorsoftherainbow,butsomegofasterwhensunlightpassesthroughwater.Fromtoptobottomarethefasteronestotheslower.Redisthefastestandpurpleistheslowest.Aslightenterswater,itrefracts.Red,travelingfastest,isrefracted(使折射)least.Orangeisrefractedalittlemore,andsoon.Differentcolorsareseparatedinthiswayandthat’swhatyouneedtogetarainbow.HowtoSeeaRainbowStandwithyourbacktothesunandsearchthesky,becausearainbowappearsoppositethesun.Ifthesunistoohigh,norainbowcanappear.Lookatyourshadow,thedarkshapeyourbodymakesontheground.Ifit’stallerthanyou,youhaveagoodchanceofseeingarainbow.Thelongeryourshadowis,thebiggertherainbow.GuesstheWeatherIfarainbowappearsinthemorning,thatmeanstherainbowisinthewest,whichiswheretherainis.Weatherusuallymovesfromwesttoeast,sotherainiscomingyourway.Ifit’sintheafternoon,thingswillbedifferent.Here’sasaying:Rainbowinthemorning,shepherd(牧羊人)’swarning.Rainbowatnight,shepherd’sdelight.SeeTwoatOnceLookforasecondrainbowafteryouseeone,butit’shardtosee.Themainrainbowhasredontopandpurpleonbottom,butthesecondaryhasredonbottomandpurpleontop.UnseenRainbowPartsSunlighthasinfraredradiation(红外线),whichwecan’tsee.Still,infraredradiationgetsrefractedbyraindrops,andliesabovethemainrainbow’sredlight.Ultravioletradiation(紫外线)isalsopartofarainbow.It’sjustbelowpurple.1．Whichlightisrefractedmostwhengoingthroughtherain?A．Red. B．Yellow. C．Blue. D．Purple.2．Whencanweprobablyseethebiggestrainbow?A．Whenthesunshines.B．Whenthesunislow.C．Whenourshadowistheshortest.D．Whenwestandwithourbacktothesun.3．Whatisprobably“shepherd’sdelight”accordingtothetext?A．Fineweather. B．Freetimeatnight.C．Seeingtworainbows. D．Beautifulrainbowcolors.4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Rainbowsarehardtosee.B．Partsoftherainbowareunseentotheeyes.C．Rainbowscanbedividedintodifferentparts.D．Rainbowshaveallthecolorsofthesunshine.5．Howdoesthewriterdevelopthewholetext?A．Bygivingadvice. B．Bytellingstories.C．Bydescribingfacts. D．Bylistingnumbers.参考答案1【答案与解析】本文介绍了野火烟雾的危害及如何让孩子们远离野火烟雾保证安全。1．推理判断题。文章第一段通过介绍许多加拿大孩子醒来时闻到了野火的烟味，然后设问，最终引入主题：野火烟雾危险吗，如何保证孩子们的安全。因此该段目的是引入主题。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“Effects(影响)canincludeirritation(刺激)oftheeyes,noseandthroat;coughingandshortnessofbreath.”可知，野火烟雾影响包括眼睛、鼻子和喉咙的刺激、咳嗽和呼吸困难。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据“Thedifferencebetweencampfiresmokeandwildfiresmokeisthatwildfiresmokeishardertoavoid,”可知，此处解释了篝火烟和野火烟的区别，因此空处应为提问二者的区别，选项B“它和野火的烟有什么不同？”符合。故选B。4．细节理解题。根据“Thekeytostayingsafe?Stayinside.”和“It’sbesttocloseyourwindowsanddoorswheninside.Youcanalsouseanairconditioner(空调),ifyouhaveone,tofilter(过滤)theairmore.”可知，待在室内、关闭门窗和使用空调过滤空气可以远离野火的烟雾，图中a、c符合。故选A。5．最佳标题题。根据第一段“Isitdangerous?HowcanIprotectmyself?CBCKidsNewstalkedtotwochildren’slung(肺)experts,TomKovesiandDanHughes,tofindouthowkidscanstaysafe.”并通读全文可知，本文先是介绍了野火烟雾的危害，然后重点介绍了孩子们应该如何保持安全。故选A。2【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故。1．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故，选项D“如何应对突发火灾”符合主题，故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“Evenifthefireappearsmanageable,youshouldalwayshavethefiremenontheway.Oncetheyarrive,theycandouble-checktoseeifthefirehasbeencompletelyputout.”可知，即使火势看起来可以控制，你也应该让消防队员随时待命。一旦他们到达，他们可以再次检查火是否被完全扑灭。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“▶P-Pull:Pullthepinonthefireextinguisher.▶A-Aim(瞄准):Aimlow.Pointthenozzleatthebottomofthefire.▶S-Squeeze:Squeeze(挤压)thehandletoletouttheextinguishingchemicals.▶S-Sweep:Sweepthenozzlefromsidetosideuntilthefireisputout.”可知，拉动灭火器上的销；瞄准低处，把喷嘴对准火的底部；挤压手柄，使灭火化学品流出；从一边到另一边扫火，直到火被扑灭。所以正确的顺序是②④③①，故选C。4．推理判断题。根据“Afterthefireappearstobeout,continuetowatchthefireareatomakesureitdoesn’tstartburningagain.”可知，在火似乎已经熄灭后，继续观察起火区域，以确保它不会再次燃烧。所以此处强调要观察，故选A。5．推理判断题。主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故，所以在学校的“安全与我同在”主题活动中可以使用本文，故选B。3【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了水果有不同的颜色的原因。1．细节理解题。根据“Fruitcolorsactuallycomefromtheirdifferentpigments,suchasredoryellowcarotenoidandblueorpurpleanthocyanin.Thesepigmentsappearindifferentnumbers,dependingonthefruit’senvironment.”可知，水果的颜色来自于其不同的色素，例如红色或黄色的类胡萝卜素和蓝色或紫色的花青素，这些色素的数量不同，取决于水果所处的环境，即水果的颜色取决于环境。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“Blueandpurplefruitmostlygrowsinwarmerplaces.”可知，蓝色和紫色的水果大多生长在较温暖的地方，即在温暖的地方找到蓝色和紫色的水果。故选B。3．词句猜测题。根据“Animalseatfruitanddroptheseedsinotherplaceslater.Thishelpsthefruitspreadandgrowindifferentplaces.Therefore,inordertoattractanimals,somefruitdevelopcolorsthatareeasyforanimalstosee.”可知，动物吃掉果实后，会把种子散播到其他地方，这有助于果实在不同的地方传播和生长，为了吸引动物，一些果实会呈现出动物容易看到的颜色，即动物也对水果颜色的演变产生了影响，可推测evolution表示“演变”。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“Therefore,inordertoattractanimals,somefruitdevelopcolorsthatareeasyforanimalstosee.”可知，有些水果会呈现出特定的颜色为了吸引动物。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据“Theyfoundthatredfruittendstogrowincoolerplaces...Thescientistsalsofoundthatthecloserthefruitistotheequator,thedarkeritscolorwillbe...Forexample,birdscanseeredmoreeasilythanhumanscan...ThelemursofMadagascararered-greencolor-blind.”可知，红色水果往往生长在凉爽的地方；水果越靠近赤道，颜色就越深；鸟类比人类更容易看到红色；狐猴是红绿色盲；A选项“深色水果喜欢生长在靠近赤道的地方。”与文章相符。故选A。4【答案与解析】本文主要讨论“眼见不一定为实”的原理。我们是靠大脑看到颜色的，我们之前的经验会影响对事物的颜色的判断。1．细节理解题。根据“Lightisreal,butcolorisnot.”可知，光是真实的，故选A。2．推理判断题。根据第二段“We’retoldtotrustoureyes,but