阅读理解B篇（说明文为主） -2025年天津中考英语复习专练（原题版）

重难点04阅读理解B篇（说明文为主）

爸题趋势』

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考点三年考情分析2025考向预测

细节理解题：占据较大比例，考查2024年说明文主要介绍了盐从哪主题范围：涵盖了科技、文化、环

考生对文章具体内容和数据的准保、自然科学、社会现象等多个领

里来的。2023年说明文文主要介绍

确把握。域，主题丰富多样，具有一定的时

了维他命D的重要性及如何获取代性和科学性。

主旨大意题：要求考生概括文章的

维他命D。2022年说明文介绍一些

主要内容和核心观点。词汇难度：会出现一些学科术语和

公司使用不同类型的办公桌来帮较复杂的词汇，但通常会在上下文

推理判断题：基于文章提供的信息中提供一定的解释或线索，帮助考

助他们的员工。

进行合理的推断和猜测。生理解。

<1

重难诠释

【题型解读】

中考英语阅读理解说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。从内容特点

看二说明文从内容上主要围绕下列主题而展开，科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品、新工

艺介绍类、风土人情类。文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。实验、研究型文章一般会

以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学

研究发现及其产生的影响。介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用

途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。从语言特点看：说明文中专业术语较多，抽象程度高，解题难度大,

容易拉开考生分数档次。阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文由于句式复杂等

特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。从结构特点看：客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。

一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who—•what-when一■

where-how-why。从命题形式看:常见的说明文的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义推断题、推理判

断题、主旨概括题、观点态度题以及写作意图等题型。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：

总分或总——分式和分——总式结构，以及完整的“总——分——总”结构。

递进式:事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地

剖析事理。

并列式:.文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。

对账式:.通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。

【重难诠释】

一、主旨大意题

方法1文章大意总结法

文章大意，就是对整篇文章的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对整篇文章主旨大意的理解归纳能力。

Whenacceptinggifts,rulesaredifferenthereinChinaandinthewest.

AnnaScheen,fromtheNetherlands,waspuzzled（困惑的）whenshegaveapresenttoherChinesefriendsfor

thefirsttime.nTheyrefusedtoacceptittwoorthreetimes,andwhentheyfinallyaccepted,theydidn'topenit.

Theyjusttookitandputitaway.Afterthat,Ineverheardaboutitagain.Theynevermentionedwhethertheyliked

itornot."shesaid.

Inthewest,itispolitetoopenawrapped（包装好的）giftinfrontofthegiverandsaythanks.However,the

situationisdifferentinChina.Peopleusuallyopenthegiftafterthegiverhasleft.Openingagiftinfrontofthe

giverisregardedasimpolite.

Themainideaofthepassageisabout.

A.thedifferentrulesofacceptingpresents

B.howtogiveagiftinChina

C.howtochooseagoodgift

D.thewesternrulesofacceptinggifts

方法2段落大意总结法

段落大意，就是对文章的某一段落的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对文章中某一段落主旨大意的

理解归纳能力。

NateRobinsonisunlikeanyotherplayerintheNBA.ThisplayeristheshortestintheNBA,butheisoneofthe

mostfearlessplayers.Heis1.75mtall."InNBA,helookslikeafourth-graderamongagroupofhighschool

students."accordingtoTheAtlantic.

Howcanhecompete（竞争）withthem?...

Paragraph1ofthereportmainlytalksabout.

A.howgreatNateRobinsonis

B.howNateRobinsonisunlikeanyotherplayer

C.howfearlessNateRobinsonis

D.whoNateRobinsonis

方法3标题判断法

标题判断，就是根据文章内容，在选项中判断出一个与之相符的标题。主要考查学生对文章大意理解和概

括的能力。

AChinesemancalledCaiLuninventedpaperalmost2000yearsago.Nowpapercomesfromtrees.Weusea

lotofpapereveryday.Ifwekeeponwastingsomuchpaper,therewillnotbeanytreesleftontheearth.Sohow

canwesavepaper?

Wecanusebothsidesofeverypieceofpaper,especiallywhenwearemakingnotes.Wecanchoosedrinksin

bottlesinsteadofthoseinpaperpackets（小包）.Wecanalsousehandkerchiefs（手帕）andnotpaperones.When

wegoshopping,wecanusefewerpaperbags...

Everyonecanhelptosavepaper.Andweshoulddoitnow,beforeitistoolate.

Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.SavingPaper

B.TheHistoryofPaper

C.CottonHandkerchiefsBackAgain

D.CaiLunInventedPaper

二、词义猜测题

方法1词义猜测法

词义猜测指通过构词、定义、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义。通常包括生词释义、

熟词新义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词汇的理解辨别能力。

【示例】Thenwhatwouldhappenifhedidn'tthinkcriticallybeforehemadethedecisions?Afterthecrazy

“Double11",therewereusuallyalotofcomplaintsontheInternet.Therewereregretsaboutbuyingmorethings

thantheyneeded.Therewerecomplaintsaboutthepoorqualityandthepricesofthethingstheybought.

Theunderlinedword“complaints“meansthatthepeople..

A.arenotsatisfiedB.arenotconfidentC.arenotinterestedD.arenotresponsible

方法2短语及句子猜测法

短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词组的理解辨别能力。

【示例1Jimlikessugarandcakesverymuch.Healwayseatssomefoodwithsugarbeforegoingtobed.

Onemorning,Jimwascryinginbedbeforehegotup.

"What'sthematter,dear?"hismotheraskedinahurry.

"Pvegotatoothache,"saidJim.

Sohismothertookhimtothedentists.Thedentistlookedhimoverandextracthisbadtoothatlast.

Twodayslater,Jimwenttoschool.Mrs.Huntaskedhim,nWhatwasthematterwithyouthosedays,Jim?"

“Ihadahadtoothache,madam,nansweredJim.

"Oh,Pmsorrytohearthat,"saidMrs.Hunt."Isitbetternow?"

“1don'tknow,madam.Ileftitatthedentists."

WhatistheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase"extract”?

A.cutapartB.pulloutC.takeoffD.mixup

［示例］Abigcompanywantedaclerk,soJohnwentthere.Intheinterviewthedirectoraskedhimaquestion.

“Whopaidforyourschool?”

“Mymotherpaidforitbywashingclothes.^^

Hearingthis,thedirectoraskedJohntoshowhishands.Johnshowedapairofhandsthatwereperfect.The

directorsaid,“Whenyougobacktoday,goandcleanyourmother'shands,andthenseemetomorrowmorning.

WhenJohnwentback,hehappilyaskedhismothertolethimcleanherhands.However,histearsfellashe

cleanedhismother'shands.Itwasthefirsttimehenoticedthatthereweretoomanybruises（伤痕）inhismother's

|hands.|Afterfinishingthecleaningofhismother'shands,Johnquietlywashedalltheremainingclothesforhis

mother.

65.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,welearn.

A.Johntriedhisbesttowashclothesforhismother

B.Johnoftenhelpedhismotherdothehousework

C.Johnhardlyhelpedhismotherwashclothes

方法3指代猜测法

指代猜测指依据语境的逻辑关系，判断划线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象。考查考生对文章

中叙述的特定的人、物、事件的再认能力。解这类题时，应注意代词指代的总原则——就近指代。

【示例】Whenyoutraveltoothercountries,youcanbeservedwithdifferentnewfoodsandknowmorethings

aboutdifferentcustoms（风俗）.Youreadallthesefrombooksinthepast,butnowyouhaveachancetoknowthem

clearly.Youcanalsomakenewfriendsfromdifferentcountries.Theycanhelpyouknowmoreabouttheirown

countries.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"refertoinParagraph3?

A.Friends.B.Teachers.C.Countries.D.Customs.

【示例】Whenhewasgoingtogetofftheplane,thepassengeraskedtheairhostesstohandhim|the|

Ipassengers，bookie].Shewasverysad.Sheknewthathewouldwritedownsharpwords,butwithasmileshe

handedittohim.

32.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph4referstothe.

A.medicineB.waterC.cupD.booklet

方法4根据上下文语境猜测词义法

一般情况，猜词时可根据结合上下文的意义、线索、内在逻辑关系进行猜测。上下文所提示的意义与所考词

汇通常是同义、反义或针对性解释的关系，可直接确定词义。根据上下文意义很难判断出来的，就考虑用句法

和内在逻辑关系去判断，符合句法和内在逻辑的可能为正确答案，反之则排除。

【示例】"IntheUS,ifIgototheuniversitytostudy,everythingisavailable-likee-books,Braillebooks.Herein

Indonesia,youknow,itisdifficulttofindareferencebookine-bookorinBraille.Wehavetomakeitourselves.In

theUS,IcanmovewhereverIwantbecauseeverythingdesignedisreallyaccessibleforpeoplewithblindness.^^

Theunderlinedword^accessible^inthethirdparagraphmightmean.

A.funtouseB.easytoreachC.hardtobreakD.safetochoose

【典例剖析】

Passage1

【来源】天津市河北区2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末英语试题

Hi,youngfriends!Welcometotheotherhalfofninthgrade.You'rehalfwaythroughtheschoolyear,but

there9sstillmuchtolearnanddiscover.So,lefsgetstartedandfindsomeeasymethodstostudy!

Firstly,oneimportantthingistohaveaquietandcomfortableplacetostudy.Itcanbeacornerinyourroom

orapeacefulareaatthelibrary.Findsomewhererelaxing.There,youcanpayfullattentiontoyourstudies.

Next,it'sagoodideatomakeastudyplan.Astudyplanhelpsyouplanyourtimeandhaveenoughtimefor

eachsubject.Youcandivideyourdayintosmallstudyperiodsandtakeshortbreaks.Thisway,youwon'tgettoo

boredortired.

Andthen,inordertorememberthingsbetter,youcanwritedownimportantpointsordrawpicturestohelp

youunderstandtheinformationbetter.Ifsnecessaryforyoutotakenoteswhilestudying.Theywillbean

importantreminder（提示）whenyouwanttogooverwhatyou'velearned.Anotherfunwaytostudyisbymaking

knowledgecards.Writequestionsononesideandtheanswersontheother.Then,youcantestyourselforeven

playwithafriend.Thatisagreatwaytolearnnewwords,meanings,orhistoricaldates!

Sometimes,studyingwithfriendscanbeenjoyable.Youcanformstudygroupsandworktogetherontasks

orprojects.It'slikehavingateamwhereeveryonehelpsandlearnsfromeachother.Also,studyingwithfriends

canmakeitmorefun!

Lastly,don'tforgettoaskyourteachersforhelpifyoumeettheproblemswithasubject.Theyarethereto

guideyouandansweryourquestions,sodon'tbeshy!

Learningisajourney,youngfriends,andthispartofthejourneyfortheotherhalfofninthgradecanbe

excitingandfun.Remember,everystepyoutakebringsyouclosertodiscoveriesandachievements（成就）.So,

keepitup,andenjoyyourstudies!

16.WhatdoesthewritermainlytalkaboutinParagraph2?

A.Theadvantageoffullattentiontoyourstudies.

B.Theadvantageofapeacefulareaatthelibrary.

C.Theimportanceofagoodenvironmentforstudy.

D.Theimportanceofacomfortablecornerinyourroom.

17.AccordingtoParagraph3,whatcanyoudotoavoidfeelingboredwhilestudying?

A.Takesomeshortbreaks.B.Writedownimportantpoints.

C.Formstudygroupswithfriends.D.Usewordcardstorememberthings.

18.Whatdoestheword"They"inParagraph4referto?

A.Notes.B.Pictures.C.Studyperiods.D.Importantpoints.

19.Whatdoesthewritersuggestwedoifwehavetroublewithasubject?

A.Takeabreakfromstudying.B.Findaquietplacetostudy.

C.Paymoreattentiontostudies.D.Lookforhelpfromourteachers.

20.Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto.

A.lookforjobsB.askforopinions

C.offersuggestionsD.shareexperiences

Passage2

【来源】天津市西青区2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末考试英语试题

Youmayhaveaprobleminyourheadfortoolong.Howdoyoudealwithit?Talktoyourparentaboutit!

Here'showtodoso:

Findarightplaceandtimetotalk.First,findatimewhenyourparentsaren'tbusy.Saytothem,“Mum(or

Dad),couldItalktoyouaboutmyproblem?^^They'llbehappytositdownandtalkaboutit.

Tellthemyourproblem.Thismaybehardifyou'reafraidofyourparents,butyouhavetodoitifyouwant

tosolveyourproblem.Andaskwhatyoushoulddo.

Ififshardtotalktoyourparents,practisefirst.Speaktosomeanimalsandtrytellingthemyourproblem.

Afterafew“conversations”,youmayhavethecouragetospeaktoyourparents.

Aftergettingadvice,thankthemandtrytofollowit.Theadvicewillprobablywork,andyoucansolveyour

problemeasilywiththeirhelp.Itispolitetothankthem,andtheymayfeelhappier.

21.Thewriteradvisesyoutowhenyouhaveaproblem.

A.talktoyourparentaboutit

B.writeadiary

C.eatsomedeliciousfood

D.listentomusictorelaxourselves

22.Whymightitbehardtotellyourparentsyourproblem?

A.Becauseyouthinkyourparentswon'tunderstandtheproblematall.

B.Becauseyoumightbeafraidofyourparents.

C.Becauseparentsalwaysfeelworriedyouwhenyouarespeaking.

D.Becauseyoudon'twanttowasteyourparents5timewithyourproblem.

23.Whatcanyoudoifyoufindithardtotalktoparents?

A.Thinkovertheproblem.B.Talktofriendsinstead.

C.Practisebyspeakingtoanimals.D.Waitforparentstoask.

24.Aftergettingadvicefromparents,whatshouldyoudo?

A.Forgetaboutit.B.Thankthemandtrytofollowit.

C.Beangrywiththem.D.Onlythankthem.

25.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofparents?advice?

A.Itwillmaketheproblemworse.

B.Itwillprobablysolvetheproblemeasily.

C.Itwillhavenoeffect.

D.Itwillonlymakeyoufeelbetter.

『瀛时J（建议用时：40分钟）

L-----------------------il

A

【来源】天津市和平区2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末英语试题

Thewatercycleisanaturalprocessthattakeswaterfromthegroundandtheskyandbringsitbacktothe

earthagain.

Thewatercyclealwaysbeginswithwatervapor（蒸气）.Whenit'shotoutside,youcanseecloudsforming

inthesky.Thesecloudsaremadeofwatervaporthatcomesfromtheground,plantsandrivers.Aswatervapor

risesintothesky,itcoolsdownandbecomesclouds.Afterthat,cloudstravelthroughtheskyandfallbacktoEarth

asrainorsnow.Then,waterrunsthroughriversandoceansandfinallyreturnstotheearthagainindifferentforms

likerainwaterorsnow.

ThewatercycleplaysanimportantroleinprotectingourEarth'sclimate.Itprovidesuswithwatertodrink

andkeepsourclimatehealthy.Ontopofthat,ittakeswaterfromriversandoceansandbringsittotheareasthat

don'thaveenoughwater.Withoutthecycle,wewouldfacemanyproblems.Whenthereistoomuchwaterinone

place,itbecomesaflood（洪水）.Whenwaterisbadlyinneed,itbecomesadrought（旱灾）.

Thewatercycleisanaturalprocessthatkeepsourplanetalive.Understandingthewatercyclecanhelpus

enjoythebeautyofnature,knowhowourplanetworksanddevelopbettermethodstoprotectourEarth.

1.Whichistherightorderofthewatercycleaccordingtothetext?

©Waterreturnstotheground.

②Rainorsnowfallsdown.

③Watervaporrisesup.

©Cloudsareformedinthesky.

A.③②④①B.④②③①C.④③②①D.③④②①

2.Whyisthewatercycleimportant?

A.Itkeepstheclimatehealthy.

B.Itshowsthebeautyofnature.

C.Itbringswarmweather.

D.Itcleanstheairandtheground.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referto?

A.Earth'sclimate.B.Watervapor.C.Drinkingwater.D.Thewatercycle.

4.Whichfactsofthefollowingaretrueaccordingtothepassage?

©WatervaporcankeepourEarthwarm.

②WaterreturnstoEarthinonlyoneform.

©Watervaporbecomescloudswhenitcoolsdown.

©Theremaybesomedisasters（灾难）withoutwatervapor.

A.②③B.③④C.①②D.①④

5.Whatisthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toencouragepeopletosavewater.

B.Tohelppeoplesolvewaterproblems.

C.Toinspirepeopletogetclosetonature.

D.Tocallonpeopletoprotectourplanet.

B

【来源】天津市滨海新区2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末英语试题

Jingdezhenhaslongbeenknownforitsrichceramic（陶瓷）history.Thiscityhasattracted（吸弓I）many

youngceramiclovers.

TaoxichuanCeramicArtAvenueislocatedintheeastofthecity.Itusedtobeanoldfactoryarea.Today,this

culturalblock（街区）hasbecomeafamoustouristattraction.Thereareceramicsschools,museums,andshopson

theblock.

Theceramicnightfairthereisverypopular.Peoplesetupstallstoselltheirworks.Therearemanydifferent

kindsofceramics.Plates,jewelry（珠宝），andotherworksofartcanbefoundthere.Thesecreativeworksarea

blend（融合）oftraditionandmodernity.Thevendors（摊贩）notonlyselltheirproductstotourists,butalsosell

themontheInternet.

YeSenisoneofthesevendors.Thisyoungartistisgoodatbothdrawingandceramicsmaking.Shefirst

createsfigures（人像），drawsthem,andthenmakesceramicsoutofthem.Shedoesallthesethingsalone.66Icame

tothecitytopursue（追求）mydreamandshowmyceramicstotheworld,9,shesaid.64Ihopetopassonthisancient

craft（手艺）!”

6.WhatdoweknowaboutTaoxichuanCeramicArtAvenue?

A.Itusedtobeanoldshoppingmall.B.Itisafamousplaceofinterestnow.

C.Therearemanylibrariesontheblock.D.ItislocatedinthesouthofJingdezhen.

7.Whatcannotbefoundattheceramicnightfair?

A.Plates.B.Jewelry.C.Tool.D.Worksofart.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stalls“inparagraph3meaninChinese?

A.工厂B.公园C.图书馆D.摊位

9.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowYeSen.

A.makesceramicsbyherselfB.isgoodatdrawingjewelry

C.isalocalpersoninTaoxichuanD.makesceramicswiththehelpofothers

10.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

C

【来源】天津市第二南开学校2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末英语试题

Foodacrossborders（边境）

Thehistoryoffoodsisneversimple.Thinkofice-cream,manypeopleseeitasaWesterndessert.However,

thissweettreatactuallycamefromChina!IntheZhouDynasty,Chinesepeoplebegantostorewintericetoenjoy

insummer.IntheSongDynasty,peoplestartedtomakebinglao——itjustmeans“icecream^^inEnglish.Itwasa

lotlikemodemicecream.FolktaleshaveitthatEmperorHuizongsufferedfromstomachpainsaftereatingtoo

muchice.IntheYuanDynasty,MarcoPolotastedbinglaoandcarriedtheideaallthewaybacktoEurope.People

thereaddedheavycreamandnewtastes.Therestishistory!

Sometimes,totallydifferentcultureshavesimilardishes.Iraniansloveakindofflatbread,sangak.Peoplein

Shaanxi,China,lovestonepancakes.Thesetwolookalmostthesame!Peopleoftencompareroujiamoto

hamburgers,asymbolofAmericanfood!Manypeoplecallitthe"Chinesehamburger”.Butinfact,theareasof

Venezuelalookmorelikethetwinbrotherofroujiamo!

Foodisabridgebetweencultures.Whenfoodscrossborders,sweetthingscanhappen.

11.Wheredidice-creamoriginallycomefrom?

A.Europe.B.America.C.China.D.Iran.

12.WhendidChinesepeoplestarttomakesomethingsimilartomodemicecream?

A.TheZhouDynasty.B.TheSongDynasty.

C.TheYuanDynasty.D.TheMingDynasty.

13.WhocarriedtheideaofbinglaotoEurope?

A.EmperorHuizong.B.MarcoPolo.

C.Anunknowntraveler.D.AEuropeanmerchant.

14.WhatdoestheareasofVenezeulalooklike?

A.hamburger.B.ice-cream.C.sangak.D.roujiamo.

15.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Foodisabridgebetweencultures95?

A.Foodscancauseculturaldifferences.

B.Foodscanhelpdifferentculturesunderstandandcommunicate.

C.Foodsareonlyimportantintheirowncultures.

D.Foodsshouldnotbesharedbetweendifferentcultures.

D

（2024•天津•中考真题）Salthasalwaysbeenimportanttopeople.Inthepast,itwasasvaluableasgold.

Overtheyears,peoplediscovereddifferentwaystogetsalt.Someearlypeoplegotsaltfromrocks.Inotherplaces,

peoplegotsaltfromthesea.Theytookseawaterandputitinthesun.Afteralongtime,thewaterdriedup（耗尽）.

Thenpeoplecouldgetsalt.

Today,peoplestillgetsaltfromthesea.Butmostsaltcomesfromsaltmines（矿）andsaltwells（井）.How

dopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?Theydigdeepintothegroundforit.Togetsaltfromsaltwells,peopleputtwo

pipes（管子）intotheground.Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.Andthewaterismixedwiththesaltin

saltwells.Itmakessaltwater.Thenthesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.Later,thesaltistakenoutof

thesaltwater.

Peopleonceworkedhardtofindandmakesalt.Now,peoplecanbuyitatanyfoodstore.

1.Someearlypeoplegotsaltfrom.

A.flowersB.fruitsC.treesD.rocks

2.Whydidpeopleputseawaterinthesun?

A.Togetsalt.B.Tocatchfish.

C.Towashclothes.D.Towatercrops.

3.Howdopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?

A.Bymixingsandwithgold.B.Bydiggingdeepintotheground.

C.Byputtingoilonrocks.D.Bythrowingstonesintothesea.

4.Whatistherightorderof