选词填空专练（上）原卷版-上海高考英语高频考点复习

专题验收评价

专题03选刊填空（上）考点专项练

内容概览

A•常考题不丢分

B•拓展培优拿高分

C-挑战真题争满分

A•常考题不丢分、

【2023普陀二模J

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.confirmedB.measurableC.previouslyD.determineE.trackingF.habitable

G.virtuallyH.sensitiveI.protectJ.surprisedK.system

ANewExoplanetintheSystem

In2014,datafromNASA'sKeplerSpaceTelescopeallowedastronomerstoannouncethedetectionofthree

planetsorbitingKepler-138.Thiswasbasedona11dipinstarlightastheplanetmomentarilypassedin

frontoftheirstar,atransit.

BennekeandhiscolleagueDianaDragomir,fromtheUniversityofNewMexico,cameupwiththeideaof

re-observingtheplanetary12withtheHubbleandSpitzerspacetelescopesbetween2014and2016to

catchmoretransitsofKepler-138d,thethirdplanetinthesystem,inordertostudyitsatmosphere.

WhileearlierNASAKeplerspacetelescopeobservationsonlyshowedtransitsofthreesmallplanetsaround

Kepler-138,Piauletandherteamwere13tofindthattheHubbleandSpitzerobservationssuggestedthe

presenceofafourthplanetinthesystem,Kepler-138e.

Thisnewlyfoundplanetissmallandfartherfromitsstarthanthethreeothers,taking38daystocompletean

orbit.Theplanetisinthe14zoneofitsstar,atemperateregionwhereaplanetreceivesjusttheright

amountofheatfromitscoolstartobeneithertoohotnortoocoldtoallowthepresenceofliquidwater.Observingthe

exoplanefstransitwouldhaveallowedastronomersto15itssize.

WithKepler-138e,themassesofthe16knownplanetsweremeasuredagainviathetransit

timing-variationmethod,whichconsistsof17smallvariationsintheprecisemomentsoftheplanets9

transitsinfrontoftheirstarcausedbythegravitationalpullofothernearbyplanets.

Theresearchershadanothersurprise:theyfoundthatthetwowaterworldsKepler-138canddaretwinplanets,

with18thesamesizeandmass,whiletheywerepreviouslythoughttobegreatlydifferent.Thecloser-in

planet,Kepler-138b,ontheotherhand,is19tobeasmallMars-massplanet,oneofthesmallestexoplanets

knowntodate.

“Asourinstrumentsandtechniquesbecome20enoughtofindandstudyplanetsthatarefarther

fromtheirstars,wemightstartfindingalotmorewaterworldslikeKepler-138candd,“Bennekeconcluded.

【2023徐汇二模】

A.academicB.previouslyC.submitD.assessedE.classifier

F.controversyG.subscribedH.detectI.typicallyJ.accessK.labelled

OpenAIreleases“notfullyreliable95tooltodetectAIgeneratedcontent

ChatGPThasbeencreatingwavesacrosstheinternetwithitswritingabilityandresponsestorequests.Theuse

ofChatGPThasbeenfullof31.Therehavebeenconcernsthatstudentscanusethistoolto32

Ai-generatedworkandclaimitastheirown.

OpenAI,theresearchlaboratorybehindChatGPT,hasreleasedatooldesignedto33whethertexthas

beenwrittenbyartificialintelligence,butwarnsifsnotcompletelyreliable-yet.InablogpostonTuesday,OpenAI

linkedtoanew34toolthathasbeentrainedtodistinguishbetweentextwrittenbyahumanandthatwritten

byavarietyofAI,notjustChatGPT.

ThetoolcouldbeusefulincaseswhereAIwasusedfor"35dishonesty“andwhenAIchatbotswere

positionedashumans,theysaid.Buttheyadmittedthetool<6isnotfullyreliable^^andonlycorrectlyidentified26%of

Al-writtenEnglishtexts.Italsoincorrectly36human-writtentextsasprobablywrittenbyAItools9%of

thetime.

“Ourclassifier'sreliability37improvesasthelengthoftheinputtextincreases.Comparedtoour

38releasedclassifier,thisnewclassifierissignificantlymorereliableontextfrommorerecentAI

systems.9,

SinceChatGPTwasopeneduptopublic39,ithasgivenrisetoawaveofconcernamongeducational

institutionsacrosstheworldthatitcouldleadtocheatinginexamsorassessments.LecturersintheUKarebeing

urgedtoreviewthewayinwhichtheircourseswere40,whilesomeuniversitieshavebannedthe

technologyentirelyandreturnedtopen-and-paperexamstostopstudentsusingAL

A.automaticallyB.coexistC.conceptD.discontinuedE.discouraged

F.necessarilyG.optimismH.pricedI.profit-generatingJ.promotionalK.trash

TooGoodToGo

Aroundthecountry,appsthatconnectcustomerstobusinesseswithleftoverfoodhavebeguntospread.The

___11issimple:Restaurantsandgrocerystoresthrowawayhugeamountsoffoodeveryday.Ratherthan

___12it,appslikeTooGoodToGoandFlashfoodhelpbusinessessellitatareducedprice.Theyclaimthatthe

businessesandbuyersarehelpingtheenvironmentbecausethefoodwouldotherwisebecomefoodwaste,abig

contributortoclimatechange.

IntheUnitedStates,customersin12citiescanlookthroughrestaurantsandstoresonTooGoodToGo,then

reserve'"surprisebags“thattypicallycostabout$4to$6andcontainfoodthatwouldhavebeen___13___atroughly

threetimesthatamount.

Severalfoodwasteexpertsexpressed___14___thatthesetypesofappscouldhelplimittheamountofwasted

food.Andeventhoughcharitableorganizationsoftenredirectunwantedfoodfromrestaurantsandgrocerystoresto

foodbanksandcommunitykitchens,there?sspaceforallofthesekindsofsolutionsto___15___.

Onecomplicationisthat,accordingtointerviewswithseveralcompaniessellingonTooGoodToGo,atleasta

fewitemsfbrsaletherearen't___16___whatbuyersmightthinkofas"foodwaste.^^TheownerofaBaltimore

dessertshopsaidsheconsideredtheappa(n)___17___tooltoreachnewcustomersbysellingwhatshecalled"little

samples.Abeercompanyownersaidheusedtheapptosell___18___products,butalsosoldnewflavorstherein

hopesofattractingnewcustomers.

Mr.Crummie,theTooGoodToGodirector,saidtheapp___19___thistypeofbehavior.t4Ifsomebodyispaying

$5,theyshouldbereceiving$15worthoffdod,“hesaid.t4Soifsnota(n)___20___platfbrm.^^

B•柘展培优拿高分

1.【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高三下学期开学考英语试题】

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.maximizeB.subsequentC.potentialD.personalizeE.misrepresentedF.limited

G.marketingH.predictiveI.commercialJ.speedK.absence

Nochildoryoungathleteshouldbesubjectedtogenetictestingtofindsportingtalentorimproveperformance,

concludetheexpertsinastatementpublishedintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine.

Thescientificevidenceontheeffectivenessofthese___11___testsissimplyfartooweaktobacktheiruse,says

theexpertsinthefieldsofgenomics,exercise,sportsperformance,etc.Whilethescienceofgenomicshasadvanced

rapidlyoverthepastdecade,theabilitytointerpretthemeaningofgenetictestresultsisstillatarelativelyearlystage.

Butthathasnotstoppedthegrowthofthe“directtoconsumer^^genetictests,whichclaimtobeabletospot

children'sathletictalentsortailortrainingto___12___performance.Thisfast-growingmarkethascausedfearsthat

thestilllimitedlevelofknowledgeonthegeneticsofsportsperformanceisbeing___13___forcommercialgain.

Toinformthestatement,thepanellookedattheavailabilityofDIYgenetictests.Itfound39companies

___14___testsassociatedwithsportorexerciseperformanceorinjury-almosttwiceasmanyasin2018.

Theclaimsincluded:“15yourtrainingbasedonyoursportsgenetics,9,“Giveparentsandcoachesearly

informationontheirchild'sgenetic16forsuccessforsports,"and"WeuseyourDNAresultstohelpyoulose

fat,buildmuscle,getfitter.

Butthe___17___ofanygoodscientificdatatoguideselectionofwhichvariantstotestweakensthevalueof

multipletesting.Besides,whilethereissomeevidencetosuggestalinkwithenhancedphysicalperformance,itis

veryweak,makingthe18valueofthesetests'"actuallyzero,"saysthestatement.

Thestatementemphasizesthe___19___ofchangeingenesequencingtechnologyhasgotmuchfasterthan

regulation.Anditpointsouttheimportanceofcounsellingbeforeanygenetictestistaken.

“Whilefurtherevidencewillundoubtedlyemergearoundthegeneticsofsportperformanceinthefuture,the

dataarecurrentlyvery20.Therefore,inthisstageoflimitedknowledge,nochildoryoungathleteshould

beexposedtogenetictestingtodefineoraltertrainingorfortalentidentificationaimedatselectinggiftedchildrenor

adolescents,itconcludes.

2.[2023届上海市复兴高级中学高三春考适应性考试英语试题】

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.characteristicB.blameC.slaveD.acceptingE.orientedF.remaining

G.properlyH.behaviorsI.surpriseJ.resistK.consistently

AnAmericanresearcherwhostudied600millionairesfoundhowrichyoucangetcomesdownto6"wealth

factors44.Shefoundthatsixbehaviorsarerelatedtonetworthpotential,regardlessofageorincome.Thesewere

thriftiness,confidence,responsibility,planning,focusandsocialindifference.

Beingthriftycomesasnogreat31/'Spendingaboveyourmeans,spendinginsteadofsavingfor

retirement,spendinginanticipationofbecomingwealthymakesyoua32tothepaycheck,evenwithan

astronomicallevelofincome,9,shewrote.Toproperlybuildwealth,expertsrecommendsaving20%yourincomeand

livingoffthe3380%.

Havingconfidenceisanotherkey34,asithelpspeopletobethrifty.Ittakesconfidencetolivewithin

yourmeans.Italsotakesconfidencetoinvest35.Insteadofmakinginvestingdecisionswithyouremotions,

financialplannersadvisethatyoushouldleaveyourinvestmentsaloneandfocusonalong-terminvestmentplan.

Butpeoplecan'tinvest—ormanagetheirownmoney—without36responsibilityfortheoutcomes.

Manymillionairestakeonpersonalresponsibility—andmostalsohappentobeself-made,meaningtheydidn't

acquiretheirwealththroughluck.Millionairesdon'tcountonanyoneelsetomakethemrich,andthey

don't37anyoneelseiftheyfallshort.Theyfocusonthingstheycancontrolandaligntheirdailyhabitsto

thegoalstheyhavesetforthemselves.Theytendtobegoal-38andhardworkers,whichenablesthemto

planfinanciallyandfocusonseeingthoseplansthrough.92%ofthemillionairessurveyeddevelopedalong-term

planfortheirmoney,and97%almostalwaysachievedthegoalstheysetforthemselves.

Anditisthese39thatmakeiteasyforthemtobesociallyindifferent.They40lifestyle

creep,thetendencytospendmorewheneveroneearnsmore.Essentially,theydon'tyieldtopressuretobuythelatest

thingortokeepupwithothersorwhattheyhaveacquired.Insteadofbeingfocusedonwhatmightmakethemhappy

today,they9refocusedontheirlong-termwealth-buildingplan.

3.1上海南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高三3月考试英语试卷】

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.neededB.directlyC.constantlyD.dangerousE.weightlessF.repaired

G.affectedH.permanentI.scansJ.resultsK.decades

BadNewsForAstronautSkeletons

AstronautswhosebonesareweakenedbyspaceflightmaynotrecoverevenafterreturningtoEarth,accordingto

anewstudy.Thisraisesquestionsabouthowhumanswillcopeonlongspacemissions.

The___11___conditionsinspacemeanthatastronauts5bodiesarenot___12___exercisinginthesamewayas

theyareonEarth.Musclesgetweakerbutbonesarealso___13___becausethebodydoesnotreplacemineralsthat

are___14___.

Since2015,doctorsattheUniversityofCalgaryinCanadahavebeenstudyingtheproblembycomparing

___15___ofastronauttibias(shinbones)madebeforeflight,___16___afterreturntoEarth,andaftersixand12

monthsofrecoverytime.Their___17___showthatayearafterreturningtoEarth,bonesstillhaveupto2.1%lower

mineraldensity(ameasureoftheirstrength)thanbeforetheflight.

DrLeighGabel,wholedtheteam,explainedthattheeffectsofafewmonthsinspacewereequaltoseveral

___18___ofageingonEarth.Damagetotheboneitselfthatoccursinspacecan'tbe___19___,saysGabel,so“the

astronaut9soverallbonestructurepermanentlychanges^^.

Thestudyfoundthatthelongerthespacemission,thegreaterandmore___20___theboneloss.Thissupportsa

2020studythatpredictedthatduringathree-yearmissiontoMars,oneinthreeastronautswouldbeatriskof

osteoporosis(fragilebones).Gabelsaysspaceagencieswillneedtoimprovetheexerciseandnutritiontheyoffer

astronautsiftheyaretogoonsuchlongtrips.

4[2023届上海市宝山区3月高考适应性练习英语试卷】

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.associatedB.chargeC.coolingD.deadenE.appliancesF.narrow

GcausesH.reflectiveI.restrictedJ.typicallyK.unstable

Howdoesthunder-snowwork?Thunder-snowisrarebecausetheconditionsthatproducesnowtendtohavea

stabilizingeffectontheatmosphere.Inwinterthesurfaceandlowertroposphere（对流层）arecoldandthereislittle

moisturetoleadtolightning.Lightningsuper-heatstheair,whiletherapid11producesthesoundwaveswe

callthunder.

Thunderstormscanforminwinter,buthavedifferentcharacteristics.Atypicalnormalthunderstormconsistsof

tall,___12___cloudsthatrisefromawarmupdraft（上升气流）leadingfromthesurfaceuptoaround40,000feet.

Thunder-snowusuallyformswhenlayersofflatsnowcloudsdevelopinstabilityandexperiencedynamiclifting.

Three___13___leadtotheinstability.Firstly,anormalthunderstormattheedgeofawarmorcoldfrontcanruninto

coldair,changingrainintofreezingrainorsnow.Secondly,whentheflatsnowcloudsbecomebumpyordevelop

whatareusuallycalled“turrets”.Turretsriseabouttheclouds,makingthetoplayer___14___.Thechangecauses

watermoleculesoricecrystalstogainorloseelectrons（电子）.Whentheelectrical___15___differencebetweentwo

bodiesbecomeslargeenough,lightningoccurs.Thirdly,acoldairfrontpassingoverwarmerwatercanproduce

thunder-snow.Thisisthetypeofthunder-snowmostoftenseenneartheGreatLakesornearandocean.

Theobviousdifferencebetweenatypicalthunderstormandthunder-snowisthatathunderstormproducesrain,

whilethunder-snowis___16___withsnow.However,thethunderandlightningofthunder-snowaredifferent,too.

Snowcan___17___sound,sothundersnow9sthundersoundslowanddoesn'ttravelasfarasitwouldinaclearor

rainysky.Normalthundermaybeheardmilesfromitssource,whilethunder-snowthundertendstobe___18___toa

2to3mileradiusfromthelightningstrike.Whilethesoundofathundermaybelowered,lightningflashesare

enhancedby___19___snow.Thunder-snowlightning20appearswhiteorgolden,ratherthantheusual

blueorpurpleofthunderstormlightning.

5.12023届上海市上海中学下学期高考英语阶段模拟试卷】

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.achievedB.applicant-trackingC.descriptiveD.eliminateE.extent

F.high-energyG.matchH.missionsI.outcomesJ.quantifiableK.screen

OutsmartingtheRobotsQ:Regardingyourcolumnontryingtogetyourresumepasttherobots,Fma

59-year-oldsalesprofessionallookingforajob.IsuspectI'mgettingbouncedbecauseI'mshowing20-plusyearsof

experience.HowshouldIbedescribingmyexperiencetogetpastthese11systems?一C.P.

A:Thesesystemstypically12applicantsbasedpartlyontheireducationlevel,titlesheldonpastjobs

andconsistency（一致性）ofworkhistory.Job-searchcoachesoftenrecommendleavingoutdatesmorethan20years

inthepast.Also,13thenamesofpastemployersthatareoutofbusiness.Replacethemwithageneral

descriptionofthekindand14oftheexperienceyougainedthere,suchassalesmanagement,andmention

titlesheldandresults15inthoseroles.Placespecialemphasisonquantifyingsuch16assalesor

market-sharegrowthorcustomersgained.

Trytoapplyonlyforopeningsthataretrulyagood17,thentailoryourapplicationandcoverletterby

selectingthesamekeywordsand18termsusedbytheemployerinthejobposting.Emphasizeyourmost

recentroles.Ifyou'vebeenoutofworkforawhile,consideracquiringsomenewqualificationsthroughtraining,or

puttingyoursalesskillstoworkforanonprofitorganizationinarolethatwillenableyoutoshow19results.

Employerswillbelookingforanactive,20applicantwhoisreadyforafaststart.

c•挑战真题争满分、

（2022年1月上海春季高考）

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.characteristicsB.diverseC.employD.functionEissueF.integration

G.hitH.militaryI.potentialJ.schemesK.wearers

FutureFashion:BiometricBodysuits

AteamoftheAppliedNanoBioscienceCenteratArizonaStateUniversityhasbuiltprototypes(原型)of

biometricbodysuits.Theycandetectchemicalattacks,deliverdrugstotheir(31),orevenperfumescents

ifyourbodytemperaturerisestoomuch.The(32)versionoftheScentsoryChameleonBodysuit

incorporatesfuelcellstoprovidealightweightsourceofpowerforthesoldiefsequipment.Thecivilianonecan

monitoryourheartorbloodpressure,deliverinteractivegamesorsimplyworkasawearablecomputer.Youwill

evenbeabletodownloadnewcolorsandpatternsfromtheWebtochangeyourappearanceaccordingtothisarticle

fromEastValleyTribuneinArizona.Bothversionsshould(33)themarketwithinafewyears.

FredereZenhausen,directoroftheAppliedNanoBioscienceCenteratASU,hasjoinedwithGhassanJabbour,

aprofessorattheUniversityofArizona,todeveloptwoprototypesof"Biometricbodysuits"thatcontainembedded

sensors,powersources,microfluidicdevicesandothergadgetsnotnormallyassociatedwiththelatestParis

fashions.Such"smart"clothingcould(34)futuresoldiersearlywaningofchemicalattacksor

automaticallydeliverinsulintodiabetics,ZenhausemnsaidnThebiometricbodysuitshowshowelectronicsand

Fuidies(流体学)canbeincorporatedintoclothingtoperformawiderangeof(35)tasks,fromhighly

functionaltotheaesthetic”hesaid.

ThecivilianChameleonwillhavesomewhatdifferent(36).Itsbiometricoutfitdemonstrates

howminiatureelectronicscouldbeembeddedinclothingtopromotehealthismadeofclearvinyl(乙烯基)and

whiteplasticstoshowtheplacementofvariouselectronicandfuidicdevices.Inthefuturesuchanoutfitcould

diagnosediseasesanddelivermedicationstothewearer,monitorheartrateorbloodpressure,deliverinteractive

gamesandotherformsofentertainmentor(37)asawearablecomputer.

AnotherpossibilitywouldbetodownloaddifferentdesignsfromtheInternetsothefabriccouldchangecolors

indpatterns,Zenhausernsuid.Andifcouldallbemadetolookstylishbythe(38)ofelectronicsand

high-fashiondesigns,hesaid.Infact,theconceptofembeddingmicroelectronicsinfabricshas(39)

farbeyondclothing.SheilaKennedy,anBoston-basedarchitectandvisitingprofessoratthe

HarvardUniversallyGraduateSchoolofDesign,seespossibilitiesto(40)thetechnologyinbuilding

design.Asanexample,shesaidwindowshadescontainingorganiclightemittingdiodes(二极管)couldproduce

electricityfromsunlightthatwouldhelpgeneratepower.

（2018上海春考）

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.addressB.fascinationC.governedD.imposingE.offensiveF.originally

G.overlookingH.rebellionI.reminderJ.randomlyK.swept

Palacesareknownfortheirbeautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotectionagainstattacks.Itiseasyto

defendafortress,butfortressesarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofa

kingorqueeninmind.Whenitcomestostructuresthatareboth

___31___andwell-fortified,theclassicEuropeancastleisthepinnacle

ofdesign.Acrosstheagescastleschanged,developed,andeventuallyfell

outofuse,buttheystillcommandthe___32___ofourculture.

Castleswere___33___builtinEnglandbyNormaninvadersin1066.AsWilliamtheConqueror___34___

throughEngland,hefortifiedkeypositionstosecurethelandhehadtaken.Thecastleshebuiltallowedthe

NormanlordstoretreattosafetywhenthreatenedbyEnglish___35___.Castlesalsoservedasbasesofoperation

foroffensiveattacks.Troopsweresummonedto,organizedaround,anddeployedfromcastles.Inthiswaycastles

servedboth___36___anddefensiverolesinmilitaryoperations.

Notlimitedtomilitarypurposes,castlesalsoservedasofficesfromwhichthelordwouldadministercontrol

overhisfiefdom.Thatistosay,thelordofthelandwouldholdcourtinhiscastle.Thosethatweresociallybeneath

thelordwouldcometoreporttheaffairsofthelandsthatthey___37___andpaytributetothelord.Theywould

___38disputes,handlebusiness,feast,andenjoyfestivities.Inthiswaycastlesservedasimportantsocial

centersinmedievalEngland.Castlesalsoservedassymbolsofpower.Builtonprominentsites39the

surroundingareas,castlesconstantlyloomedinthebackgroundofmanypeasants*livesandservedasadaily

___40___ofthelord'sstrength.

（2019上海春考）

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.repetitiveB.continuallyC.alerts