列车运行控制系统维护 Maintenance of Train Operation Control System部分图片来源于网络 Some pictures come from the Internet

铁道信号自动控制专业教学资源库TeachingResourceDatabasefortheSpecialtyofAutomaticControlforRailwaySignal列车运行控制系统维护MaintenanceofTrainOperationControlSystem柳州铁道职业技术学院LiuzhouRailwayVocationalTechnicalCollege部分图片来源于网络SomepicturescomefromtheInternet.ATP概念和功能ATPConceptandFunction

ATP--AutomaticTrainProtection，既列车运行超速防护。ATP—AutomaticTrainProtection,i.e.trainoverspeedprotection.列车运行超速防护（ATP）是指列车能根据自身的运行速度和前方列车位置及线路状态采取制动操作的时机作出逻辑判断，对列车运行速度实时控制的技术。AutomaticTrainProtection(ATP)involvesatechnologythattrainscanmakelogicaljudgmentonthetimingofbrakingoperationaccordingtotherunningspeed,thepositionofthetrainaheadandthetrackstate,soastocontroltherunningspeedinrealtime.

ATP有什么功能呢？WhatarethefunctionsofATP?一、ATP概念I.ATPConcept安全防护Safetyprotection人机交互Man-machineinteraction设备制动优先Equipmentbrakingpriority自动检测Automaticdetection停车点防护Stoppointprotection车门控制Doorcontrol列车间隔控制(移动闭塞时)Trainintervalcontrol(incaseofmovingblock)记录司机操作Recordingofthedriver'soperation二、ATP系统的主要功能II.MainFunctionsofATPSystemATP的分类ClassificationofATPATP按地面信息的传输方式分：Accordingtothetransmissionmodeofgroundinformation,ATPisclassifiedasfollows:点式Intermittent

车载设备接收的信息是信号点的信息，如允许Theinformationreceivedbytheintermittenton-boardequipmentisaboutsignallocation,suchas速度、目标速度、目标距离等等。allowablespeed,targetspeed,targetdistance,etc.连续式Continuous2.1轨道电路方式2.2轨间电缆方式2.1Trackcircuitmode2.2Inter-trackcablemode

2.3无线方式2.3Wirelessmode点连式Intermittent-continuoustype点连式利用轨道电路传输连续信息、应答器传Inthismode,thetrackcircuitisusedtotransmitcontinuousinformationandthebalise输点式信息。totransmitintermittentinformation.一、ATP系统的分类I.ClassificationofATPSystemATP制动模式ATPBrakingMode■分级制动模式■Gradedbrakingmode■一级制动模式■Primarybrakingmode分级制动是以闭塞分区为单位，根据与前行列车的运行距离来调整列车速度，各闭塞分区采用不同的低频频率调制，指示不同的速度等级，在此基础上确定限速值。分级制动模式又分为阶梯式和曲线式。Gradedbrakingistoadjustthetrainspeedaccordingtotherunningdistancebetweentheblocksectionandtheprecedingtrain.Eachblocksectionissubjecttodifferentlowfrequencymodulationtoindicatedifferentspeedlevels,andthenthespeedlimitvalueisdeterminedonthatbasis.Gradedbrakingmodeincludessteptypeandcurvetype.一、ATP制动模式I.ATPBrakingMode阶梯型Steptype阶梯Steps监控曲线Monitoringcurve列车运行速度曲线Trainrunningspeedcurve一、ATP制动模式I.ATPBrakingMode曲线型Curvetype一、ATP制动模式I.ATPBrakingMode一级制动Primarybraking根据前行列车的距离或前方车站距离，由控制中心或车载计算机根据目标距离、列车参数、线路参数等计算列车制动模式曲线。Accordingtothedistanceoftheprecedingtrainorthestationahead,thecontrolcenteroron-boardcomputercalculatesthetrainbrakingmodecurveaccordingtothetargetdistance,trainparametersandlineparameters.监控曲线Monitoringcurve45驾驶曲线Drivingcurve200目标距离-速度控制工作原理TargetDistance—SpeedControlOperatingPrinciple一、CTCS-2级列控系统基本工作原理I.BasicWorkingPrincipleofCTCS-2TrainControlSystem1、目标距离-速度控制1.Targetdistance—speedcontrol为计算得到速度监控曲线，由轨道电路发送行车许可和前方空闲闭塞分区数量信息，由应答器发送闭塞分区长度、线路速度、线路坡度等固定信息，列控车载设备接收上述信息，通过“前方空闲闭塞分区数量”和“闭塞分区长度”信息，获得目标距离长度，并结合线路速度、线路坡度和对应列车的制动性能等固定参数，实时计算得到速度监控曲线，并监控实际驾驶曲线处于速度监控曲线下方，保证列车安全运行。Inordertocalculatethespeedmonitoringcurve,thetrackcircuitsendsthemovementauthorityandthenumberofunoccupiedblocksectionsahead,andthebalisesendsfixedinformationsuchasblocksectionlength,linespeedandlinegradient.Thetraincontrolon-boardequipmentreceivestheaboveinformation,obtainsthetargetdistancebasedonthe"numberofunoccupiedblocksectionsahead"and"blocksectionlength",calculatesthespeedmonitoringcurveinrealtimeincombinationwithfixedparameterssuchaslinespeed,linegradientandbrakingperformanceofcorrespondingtrains,andmonitorstheactualdrivingcurvetobebelowthespeedmonitoringcurvetoensurethesafeoperationofthetrain.监控曲线Monitoringcurve45驾驶曲线Drivingcurve200列控系统是根据地面设备提供的线路信息、目标距离和进路状态，以及动车组特性，列控车载设备实时、自动生成列车速度控制模式曲线，并按曲线监控列车运行和超速防护。Thetraincontrolsystemon-boardequipmentautomaticallygeneratesthetrainspeedcontrolmodecurveinrealtimeaccordingtothelineinformation,targetdistanceandroutestatusprovidedbythegroundequipment,aswellasthecharacteristicsofEMUs,andmonitorsthetrainoperationandATPaccordingtothecurve.基本内涵BasicConnotation限速区段Speedlimitsection160km/h250km/h250km/h轨道电路Trackcircuit列控Traincontrol中心center轨道电路Trackcircuit应答器Balise轨道电路Trackcircuit应答器Balise列控Traincontrol中心centerCTCMSSQL联锁Interlocking联锁Interlocking轨道电路信息连续提供与前车(目标)距离和进路状态Thetrackcircuitinformationcontinuouslyprovidesthedistancetothefronttrain(target)androutestatus车载设备自动生成连续速度控制模式曲线，实时监控列车安全运行。Theon-boardequipmentautomaticallygeneratesacontinuousspeedcontrolmodecurvetomonitorthesafeoperationofthetraininrealtime.速度曲线Speedcurve列控中心控制有源应答器发送进路信息和临时限速信息等Thetraincontrolcentercontrolstheactivebalisetosendrouteinformation,temporaryspeedrestrictioninformation,etc.基本原理BasicPrinciples列控Traincontrol中心center码序CodesequenceL5L4L3L2LLUUHU空闲分区数量Quantityofvacantsections765432102025/4/1216应答器提供闭塞分区长度和线路允许速度。Thebaliseprovidestheblocksectionlengthandallowablespeedoftheline.1300+1250+1300+1350+1300+1350+1300+1350=10500m速度曲线Speedcurve

空闲数量：Quantityofunoccupiedsections:目标距离：Targetdistance:当前码序：Currentcodesequence:----m--------10500m7L5轨道电路以码序形式提供空闲闭塞分区数量。Trackcircuitprovidesthequantityofvacantblocksectionsincodesequence.车载设备综合计算出目标距离，生成速度曲线。Theon-boardequipmentcomprehensivelycalculatesthetargetdistanceandgeneratesaspeedcurve.CTCS-2级列控系统—行车许可CTCS-2TrainControlSystem—MovementAuthority速度曲线Speedcurve目标距离:Targetdistance:=1300m+1250m+1300m+1350m+1300m+1350m+1300m+1350m=10500m行车许可由轨道电路以机车信号码序形式向列车提供，Themovementauthorityisprovidedbythetrackcircuittothetrainincabsignalcodesequence.码序为：L5-L4-L3-L2-L-LU-U-HU。Codesequence:L5-L4-L3-L2-L-LU-U-HU.列车根据轨道电路码序及应答器提供的闭塞分区长度信息计算出目标距离。Thetraincalculatesthetargetdistanceaccordingtothetrackcircuitcodesequenceandtheblocksectionlengthinformationprovidedbythebalise.目标距离:Targetdistance:=1250m+1300m+1350m+1300m+1350m+1300m+1350m=9200m目标距离:Targetdistance:=1300m+1350m+1300m+1350m+1300m+1350m=7950m目标距离:Targetdistance:=1350m+1300m+1350m+1300m+1350m=6650m列车运行控制模型TrainOperationControlModel

速度限制曲线Speedlimitcurve时速(km/h)Speed(km/h)目标停车点Targetstoppoint列车追踪运行控制模型TrainTrackingOperationControlModelATP的基本功能原理BasicFunctionsandPrincipleofATP1.列车检测1.Traindetection2.列车自动限速2.Automatictrainspeedrestriction3.测速与测距3.Speedmeasurementandranging4.速度限制4.Speedrestriction5.常用制动和紧急制动5.Servicebrakingandemergencybraking6.停站6.Stop7.车门控制

7.Doorcontrol一、ATP的基本功能原理I.BasicFunctionsandPrincipleofATP1.列车检测

1.Traindetection采用轨道电路作为列车检测设备。Trackcircuitsareusedastraindetectionequipment.当轨道电路区段空闲时，轨道电路受端设备检测电码，看轨道电路是否空闲，如果有信息则空闲，没有信息则占用，检测结果送往联锁装置。Whenthetrackcircuitsectionisunoccupied,thereceivingequipmentofthetrackcircuitdetectsthecodetoseewhetherthetrackcircuitisunoccupied.Ifthereisinformation,itisunoccupied;ifnot,itisoccupied.Thedetectionresultsaresenttotheinterlockingdevice.FSJS联锁设备Interlockingequipment2.列车自动限速2.AutomatictrainspeedrestrictionATP车载设备列车实际速度与列车允许速度进行比较。当列车实际速度超过允许速度时，ATP的车载设备就发出制动命令，使列车自动制动；当列车速度降至ATP所指示的速度以下时，便自动缓解。Theon-boardATPequipmentcomparestheactualspeedofthetrainwiththeallowablespeedofthetrain.Whentheactualspeedofthetrainexceedstheallowablespeed,theon-boardATPequipmentwillgiveabrakingcommandtomakethetrainbrakeautomatically;whenthetrainspeeddropsbelowthespeedindicatedbyATP,itwillbereleasedautomatically.ATP不仅可用来保证列车之间的运行安全，还用于受曲线等线路条件、通过道岔、慢行区间等限制而需要限速的区段。因此限速等级是根据后续列车和先行列车之间的距离、线路条件等来决定的。ATP可对列车运行速度进行分级或连续监督。ATPcanbeusednotonlytoensuretheoperationsafetybetweentrains,butalsotolimitthespeedinthesectionwhichislimitedbythetrackconditionssuchascurves,passingturnoutsandslow-movingsections.Therefore,thespeedlimitlevelisdeterminedbasedonthedistancebetweenthefollowingtrainandtheprecedingtrain,lineconditions,etc.ATPcansupervisethetrainrunningspeedingradesorcontinuously.（1）测速(1)Speedmeasurement列车运行速度的测量非常重要，列车实际运行速度是速度控制的依据。该速度值的准确和精度直接影响调速效果。Sincetheactualtrainspeedisthebasisofspeedcontrol,themeasurementoftrainspeedisofgreatimportance.Theaccuracyandprecisionofspeeddirectlyaffectthespeedregulationeffect.车载设备自测有测速发电机、路程脉冲发生器、光电式传感器和霍尔式脉冲转速传感器等，它们安装在无动力车辆的轮轴上。Thereistachogenerator,distancepulsegenerator,photoelectrictransducerandHallpulsespeedsensor,etc.forselfmeasurementbyon-boardequipment,whichareinstalledontheaxleofunpoweredtrain.系统测量有卫星测速和雷达测速等方法。Therearesatelliteandradar

speedmeasurementforsystemspeedmeasurement.

3.测速与测距3.Speedmeasurementandranging

（2）测距(2)Ranging测距是通过测速与轮径完成的，距离测量系统记录车轮旋转的次数，考虑运行方向和车轮直径，计算出列车走行的距离。距离测量系统利用两个传感器测得的数据，通过两个通道进行比较。如果结果不—致，为可靠起见，取其中的最大值。Distancemeasurementiscompletedbymeasuringspeedandwheeldiameter.Thenumberofwheelrotationsisrecordedbythedistancemeasurementsystem,andtheoperationdistanceofthetrainiscalculatedconsideringtherunningdirectionandwheeldiameter.Thedistancemeasurementsystemissubjecttothedatameasuredbytwosensorstocomparethroughtwochannels.Iftheresultsareinconsistent,forthesakeofreliability,itisrequiredtotakethemaximumvalue.在跨越轨道电路时，如果已经接收到带有有效时间标记的新报文，则距离测量装置复位为零。Whenitpassesthetrackcircuit,ifanewmessagewithvalidtimemarkhasbeenreceived,thedistancemeasurementdeviceisresettozero.3.测速与测距3.SpeedmeasurementandrangingATP为何要测距呢？WhydoesATPperformranging?

4.速度限制4.Speedrestriction速度限制有固定限速、临时限速、在道岔或道岔前方的限速、具有短安全轨道停车点的限速。Forspeedrestriction,therearefixedspeedlimit,temporaryspeedrestriction,speedrestrictionatorinfrontofturnouts,andspeedrestrictionatshortsafetytrackstoppoints.（1）固定限速(1)Fixedspeedlimit固定限速是在设计阶段设置的。Thefixedspeedlimitissetduringthedesignstage.（2）临时限速(2)Temporaryspeedrestriction临时限速是在某些条件下（施工现场、临时危险点），速度要求降低。临时速度限制区段范围总是限制在一个或多个轨道电路。Atemporaryspeedrestrictionisenabledwhenthetrainneedstoslowdownundercertainconditions(onconstructionsite,attemporarydangerouspoints).Thescopeofthetemporaryspeedrestrictionsectionisalwaysrestrictedtooneormoretrackcircuits.4.速度限制4.Speedrestriction5.常用制动和紧急制动5.ServicebrakingandemergencybrakingATP车载设备具有常用制动和紧急制动两级防护控制的能力。在常用制动失效后，可施行紧急制动。TheATPon-boardequipmentisprovidedwiththecapabilityoftwo-levelprotectionandcontrolofservicebrakingandemergencybraking.Aftertheservicebrakingfails,theemergencybrakingcanbeimplemented.常用制动是直接控制列车主管压力使机车制动与缓解，不影响原有列车制动系统的功能。它缩短了制动空走时间，大大减小了制动时的纵向冲击加速度，使列车运行更安全、舒适。Theservicebrakingistodirectlycontrolthepressureofmainpipeofthetraintomakethelocomotivebrakeandrelievewithoutaffectingthefunctionoftheoriginaltrainbrakingsystem.Itshortensthebrakingidlingtime,greatlyreducesthelongitudinalimpactaccelerationduringbraking,andmakesthetrainoperationsaferandmorecomfortable.紧急制动是将压缩空气全部排入大气，使副风缸内压缩空气很快推动活塞，施行制动，使列车很快停下来。Emergencybrakingistoexhaustallcompressedairintotheatmosphere,sothatthecompressedairintheauxiliaryaircylindercanquicklypushthepistonandapplybraking,sothatthetraincanstopquickly.6.停站6.Stop车站定位停车Positioningandparkinginthestation车站允许停站误差为±0.5m。Theallowablestoperroris±0.5m.7.车门控制7.Doorcontrol在通常的情况下，在车辆没有停稳靠在站台上时，ATP不允许车门开启。Innormalcases,ATPdoesnotallowthedoortobeopenedwhenthetraindoesnotstopontheplatformstably.当列车在车站的预定停车区域内停稳且停车点的误差在允许范围以内时，地面定位天线会收到车载定位天线发送的停稳信号，ATP才会允许车门操作，车载对位天线和地面对位天线才能很好地感应耦合并进行车门开关操作。Whenthetrainstopsstablyinthepredeterminedparkingareaofthestationandthestoperroriswithintheallowablerange,thegroundpositioningantennawillreceivethestopsignalsentbytheon-boardpositioningantenna,andthenATPwillallowfordooroperation,andtheon-boardantennaandthegroundantennacanbewellinductivelycoupledandallowtoopen/closethedoor.常用制动和紧急制动ServiceBrakingandEmergencyBraking1.常用制动和紧急制动1.ServicebrakingandemergencybrakingATP车载设备具有常用制动和紧急制动两级防护控制的能力。在常用制动失效后，可施行紧急制动。TheATPon-boardequipmentisprovidedwiththecapabilityoftwo-levelprotectionandcontrolofservicebrakingandemergencybraking.Aftertheservicebrakingfails,theemergencybrakingcanbeimplemented.常用制动是直接控制列车主管压力使机车制动与缓解，不影响原有列车制动系统的功能。它缩短了制动空走时间，大大减小了制动时的纵向冲击加速度，使列车运行更安全、舒适。Theservicebrakingistodirectlycontrolthepressureofmainpipeofthetraintomakethelocomotivebrakeandrelievewithoutaffectingthefunctio