高二下学期三月限时练英语试卷四

2高二下学期英语下限时练四满分65分考试时长:50分钟命题人：审核人:一、阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。CSelf-confidenceistrustinginourabilitiesorqualities.It’susuallyseenasagoodthing.Butisitpossiblethatwemightbenefitfromalittlelessconfidenceinourbeliefs?Formanyyears,Dr.MarkLeary,aneuroscientistatDukeUniversityinDurham,N.C.,hasstudiedtheroleofpeople’sbeliefsintheirbehavior.Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.Asurveyof144collegestudentstomeasuretheirintellectualhumilityfoundthatstudentswhosawtheirthinkingcouldbewrongtendedtobemorecuriousandmorelikelytoseekoutnewknowledge.Theyendedupknowingmoreattheendoftheday.Butdoesitactuallyhelpyoubeyondthat?Tofindoutmore,Dr.TenellePorteratBallStateUniversityconductedaseriesofstudieswithhightheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.Studentswhodidn’tseetheirknowledgecouldbewrongmightinsteadjustsailthroughtheirstudyingandwouldn’tstoptoaskthemselvesiftheytrulyunderstoodwhattheyread,heard,ordid.Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,it’simportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn’talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”1.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexplosionoftheChallenger?A.Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss.B.Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights.C.Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation.D.Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.2.WhatdoweknowaboutintellectualhumilityaccordingtoPorter’sresearch?A.Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition.B.Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams.C.Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.D.Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge.3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“gotasubjectdownpat”meaninparagraph5?A.Fullymasteredasubject. B.PutgreateffortintoasubjectC.Reallyenjoyedasubject. D.Benefitedalotfromasubject.4.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Whyquestioningourbeliefishard.B.Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful.C.Howtobecomeaconfidentperson.D.Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.DTheabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical—butit’sarealabilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby‘electricfish’,”saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityofHongKong.Theteamdescribedtheire-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(发射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(扰乱),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.Aspecialbiogel(生物凝胶)isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignalsfromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingitcosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,includingsensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblee-skin.5.Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow__________.A.thespecialabilityofAfricanfishB.theinspirationforanewinventionC.thebigchallengeoflocatingobjectsD.thereasonfordevelopingasensor6.Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem’sworkingprocedures?a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget.c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.A.c-a-e-d-b. B.c-a-d-e-b.C.a-c-e-d-b. D.a-e-c-d-b.7.Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?A.Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.B.Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.C.Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.D.Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MachineDetective“Wears”FlexibleE-skinB.Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouchingC.E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearningD.ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ionceworkedintheremotebutbeautifulcountryside.Allfarmworkcan,inmyexperience,____9___apersontodevelopaSpartan(斯巴达的)spirit.Fromtheageofeight,Ihadtocontributemyshareof____10___alongwithmyparentsandtwoelderbrothers.Onthehottestsummerdayswhentheair____11____flowed,Ikneltinapaddyfield(稻田)withmykneesdeepinmud.Thebugsandwormsinthewater____12____intomyskin,andthesunburneduponmy____13____back.Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes,itwould____14____tears.SoIalwayskeptmyfaceaslowaspossible.Itoldmyself,“Be____15____!”Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.____16____Ipulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward.Ilearnednottobeafraidofdifficultiesandthemeaningof“youreap(收获)whatyou____17____.”“Judgeamannotbyhisface,butbyhis____18____,”mymotherusedtosay.Thelandis____19____,aslongasyouarewillingtoworkonit.Whenthewindblewandthericeplantsmovedlike____20____inthesea,breathtakinglybeautiful,adeepsenseofsatisfaction____21____inme.AlthoughlaterIwentintoacademicresearch,Ishallalwaysrememberwhatworkinginthepaddyfieldstaughtme:____22____yourfeetfirmlyontheground,nevergiveupandyouwillbe____23____.9.A.remind B.warn C.attract D.train10.A.wealth B.luck C.labour D.wisdom11.A.gently B.hardly C.loudly D.usually12.A.climbed B.bit C.cut D.fell13.A.arched B.broad C.strong D.straightened14A.hold B.produce C.drop D.replace15.A.quick B.proud C.quiet D.patient16.A.Slowly B.Slightly C.Safely D.Sadly17.A.pick B.find C.sow D.wish18.A.fields B.books C.neighbours D.clothes19.A.affordable B.acceptable C.dependable D.livable20.A.boats B.weeds C.fishes D.waves21.A.welledup B.brokeup C.cooledoff D.heldoff22.A.drag B.kick C.plant D.lift23.A.promoted B.educated C.comforted D.rewarded第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OnAugust5,2024,ChinesebadmintonplayerHeBingjiaowonasilvermedalattheParisOlympics.However,____24____trulystoodoutwasatouchingmomentonthepodium(领奖台).Asshereceivedhermedal,HeBingjiaoheldabadge(徽章)____25____(feature)theSpanishflag,whicharousedwidespreadcuriosityonline.Thisgesturewastoexpressrespectandcareforhersemifinalopponent,Spain’sCarolinaMarin,who____26____(retire)fromthematchduetoinjury.HeBingjiaoexplained,“IbroughttheSpanishbadgebecauseMarin’ssufferingbrokemyheart.Ihopesheseesthisandwishheraspeedy____27____(recover).”Duringtheirsemifinal