大学英语六级-英语六级2021年真题

大学英语六级-英语六级2021年真题问答题（共40题，共40分）(1.)海南是仅次于台湾的中国第二大岛，是位于中国最南端的省份。海南岛风景秀丽，气候宜人，阳光充足，生物多样，温泉密布，海（江南博哥）水清澈，大部分海滩几乎全年都是游泳和日光浴的理想场所，因而被誉为中国的四季花园和度假胜地，每年都吸引了大批中外游客。海南1988年建省以来，旅游业、服务业、高新技术产业飞速发展，是中国唯一的省级经济特区。在中央政府和全国人民的大力支持下，海南将建成中国最大的自由贸易试验区。正确答案：HainanIslandisthesecondlargestislandinChinaafterTaiwanIslandandistheprovincelocatedinthesouthernmostpartofChina.HainanIslandhasbeautifulscenery,pleasantclimate,abundantsunshine,diversecreatures,densehotspringsandclearseawater.Mostofthebeachesareidealplacesforswimmingandsunbathingalmostallyearround.Therefore,itisknownasChina'sall-seasongardenandresort,attractingalargenumberoftouristsdomesticandoverseaseveryyear.SinceHainanwasestablishedasaprovincein1988,itstourism,serviceandhigh-techindustrieshavedevelopedrapidly.ItistheonlyprovincialspecialeconomiczoneinChina.Withthestrongsupportofthecentralgovernmentandthepeopleofthewholecountry,HainanwillbecomeChina'slargestpilotfreetradezone.(2.)青海是中国西北部的一个省份，平均海拔3千米以上，大部分地区为高山和高原。青海省得名于全国最大的咸水湖青海湖。青海湖被誉为“中国最美的湖泊”，是最受欢迎的旅游景点之一，也是摄影师和艺术家的天堂。青海山川壮丽，地大物博。石油和天然气储量丰富，省内许多城市的经济在石油和天然气工业带动下得到了长足发展。青海尤以水资源丰富而闻名，是中国三大河流长江、黄河和澜沧江的发源地，在中国的水生态中发挥着重要作用。正确答案：QinghaiisaprovinceinnorthwesternChinawithanaveragealtitudeofmorethan3kilometers.Mostareasoftheprovincearehighmountainsandplateaus.TheprovinceisnamedafterQinghaiLake,thelargestsaltwaterlakeinthecountry,whichisalsoknownasthemostbeautifullakeinChina.Itisoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsnationwide,aswellasaparadiseforphotographersandartists.Qinghaifeaturesmagnificentlandscapes,vastterritoryandabundantresources.Therichoilandnaturalgasreserveshavecontributedtotherapidandconstanteconomygrowthofmanycitieswithintheprovince.Qinghaiisespeciallyrenownedforitsabundantwaterresources.ItservesastheheadstreamsofChina'sthreemajorrivers–theYangtzeRiver,theYellowRiverandtheLancangRiver,thusplayinganvitalroleinChina'swaterecosystem.(3.)云南是位于中国西南的一个省，平均海拔1500米。云南历史悠久，风景秀丽，气候宜人。云南生态环境优越，生物多种多样，被誉为野生动植物的天堂。云南还有多种矿藏和充足的水资源，为全省经济的可持续发展提供了有利条件。云南居住着25个少数民族，他们大多有自己的语言习俗和宗教。云南独特的自然景色和丰富的民族文化使其成为中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，每年都吸引着大批国内外游客前往观光旅游。正确答案：YunnanisaprovincelocatedinthesouthwestofChinawithanaveragealtitudeof1500meters.Yunnanhasalonghistory,beautifulsceneryandapleasantclimate.Withasuperiorecologicalenvironmentandawidevarietyoflivingcreatures,Yunnanisknownasaparadiseforwildanimalsandplants.Yunnanalsohasavarietyofmineralresourcesandadequatewaterresources,whichprovidefavorableconditionsforthesustainabledevelopmentofthewholeprovince'seconomy.Theprovinceishometo25ethnicminorities,mostofwhomhavetheirownlanguages,customsandreligions.ItsuniquenaturalsceneryandrichnationalculturehavemadeitoneofthemostpopulartouristdestinationsinChina,attractinglargenumbersofdomesticandforeigntouristseachyear.(4.)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30mimitestowriteanessaybasedonthechartbelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthechartandcommentonChina'sachievementsinhighereducation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.正确答案：Thebarchartaboveexplicitlydemonstratesthatthegrossen-rollmentratioinuniversitiesinChina,accordingtothedatafromMinistryofEducation,hasincreaseddramaticallyfrom3.4%in1990to51.6%in2019.Obviously,thepastthirtyyearshavewitnessedChina'sgreatachievementsinhighereduca-tion.Firstly,highereducationinChinahasbecomeapproachabletomostChinesecitizens.ThisispartlyduetothefactthatChi-na’seconomyhasbeendevelopingatamarvelousspeed,butalsobecauseChinesegovernmenthaslaunchedawiderangeoffavorablepoliciestosupportruralstudentstogetadmittedtocolleges.Moreover,thequalityofChina’suniversitieshasshowedamarkedimprovement.Now,severalseatsoflearninginChinaareamongthetopuniversitiesworld-wide,andeveryyeartheydrawnumerousforeignstudentstocometoChinaforhighereducation.Besides,Chinesegovernmentandamassofbigenterpriseshavebeeninvestingheavilyintoupgradingthecampussites,introducingthemostadvancedequipments,andincreasingthefaculty'ssalaries.Inall,theChina'sachievementsinhighereducationarere-markable.Ibelievethatthistrendwillsurelycontinue,andwillinturnbenefitourgreatcountry.参考解析：这次六级的作文是貌似的黑天鹅:图表作文!笑而但是我们说过，不管考什么，都是what/why/how成就，当然就是what。其实，这和去年的四级作文:教育的变化,没有实质的区别。第一段,描述图表,点出上升;三第二段:两分法:物质到精神。中间带着很多并列和三连。第三段:总结(5.)Weoftenthinkofdrawingassomethingthattakesinborntalent,butthiskindofthinkingstemsfromourmisclassifi-cationofdrawingas,primarily,anartformratherthanatoolforlearning.Researchers,teachers,andartistsarestartingtoseehowdrawingcanpositivelyimpactawidevarietyofskillsanddisciplines.Mostofushavespentsometimedrawingbefore,butatsomepoint,mostofusstopdrawing.Therearepeoplewhodon't,obviously,andthankgodforthat:aworldwithoutdesignersandartistswouldbeaveryshabbyoneindeed.Somearguethatsomanyadultshaveabandoneddrawingbecausewe'vemiscategorizeditandgivenitaverynarrowdefinition.Inhisbook,StickFigures:DrawingasaHumanPractice,ProfessorD.B.Dowdarguesthat"Wehavemis-filedthesignificanceofdrawingbecauseweseeitasapro-fessionalskillinsteadofapersonalcapacity.Wemistakenlythinkof"good"drawingsasthosewhichworkasrecre-ationsoftherealworld,asrealisticillusions.Rather,draw-ingshouldberecategorizedasasymbolictool.Humanbeingshavebeendrawingfor73,000years.It'spartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Wedon'thavethestrengthofchimpanzees(大猩猩)becausewe'vegivenupanimalstrengthtomanipulatesubtleinstruments,likehammers,spears,and-later-pensandpencils.Thehumanhandisanex-tremelydensenetworkofnerveendings.Inmanyways,humanbeingsarebuilttodraw.Someresearchersarguethatdoodling(涂画)activatesthebrain'sso-calleddefaultcircuit—essentially,theareasofthebrainresponsibleformaintain-ingabaselinelevelofactivityintheabsenceofotherstim-uli.Becauseofthis,somebelievethatdoodlingduringaboringlecturecanhelpstudentspayattention.Inonestudy,participantswereaskedtolistentoalistofnameswhileeitherdoodlingorsittingstill.Thosewhoremem-bered20percentmoreofthenamesthanthosewhodidnot.正确答案：Weoftenthinkofdrawingassomethingthattakesinborntalent,butthiskindofthinking

46.A)Itisagiftcreativepeopleareendowedwith.

47.C)Theyaddbeautyandcharmtotheworld.

48.A)Everybodyisbornwiththecapacitytodraw.

49.D)Ithelpsimproveconcentrationandmemory.

50.D)Precisioninvisualperception(6.)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30mimitestowriteanessaybasedonthegraphbelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthegraphandcommentonChina'sachievementsinurbanization.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.正确答案：WecanseeclearlyfromthischartthattheruralpopulationinpovertyinChinahasdecreasedsharplyfromtheyearof2012to2020,fromaround95million,consistingof12percentpopulationofthewholecountryin2012,toalmostnone.Suchachievementsinpovertyalleviationaremarvelousandmusthavegonebeyondtheimaginationofmany.Thecoldharddatadepictedonthegraphmightbealittleabstract,buttherealchangeshappeninginthelifeoftheChinesepeopleoverthepastdecadearemuchmoreeloquent.Forexample,inthepast,peoplewereverymuchconcernedaboutwhethertheyhaveenoughfoodtoeatmostofthetime,butnowtheyaremoreinterestedinwhetherthefoodtheyeatishealthyenough.What'smore,inthelastdecade,anincreasingnumberofstudentshavehadthechancetogotocollege,whichwasimpossibleforthemtodointhepast.I'dliketoexpressmyheartfeltthankstothecentralgovernmentofChinaandthewholepeopleofthenation.Haditnotbeentheirjointeffortsinthepastdecade,Chinacouldneverhaveachievedsuchasuccessinpovertyelimination.(7.)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30mimitestowriteanessaybasedonthechartbelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthechartandcommentonChina'sachievementsinpovertyalleviation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan20owords.正确答案：ThebarchartissuedbyMinistryofEducationcontainsthegrossenrolmentratioinhighereducationinChinafrom3.4%intheyearof1990to51.6%in2019.Obviously,whatitendeavors/triestoconveyisthatthiserahaswitnessedanenormousincreaseinChina'shighereducationdevelopment.Firstly,thegovernmenthasprovidedaseriesofbeneficialpoliciesandfinancialinvestmentinensuringcitizenstheopportunityofreceivinghighereducation.Students,evenpooronesinruralcountieswillbeencouragedtoattenduniversitiesaftermiddleschool.Interest-freeloansareprovidedtostudentswhocannotaffordthefees.Secondly,thegrowingpercapitaGDPhasshiftedparents'opinionfromearningmoneyassoonastheirchildrengrowuptoequippingthemwithmorespecializedknowledgeforlong-termdevelopment.Lastbutnotleast,duetotheresearchachievementsandtheimprovementofeducationlevel,China'sinstitutionsofhighereducationarenowhighlyadmitted.WecanfindfromtheQSWorldUniversityRankinglistthatQinghuaUniversityandBeijingUniversityhavepeakedinthisyear.Inanutshell,Chinahaswitnessedagreatprogressinitshighereducation,whichenablesmorecitizenstoachieveahigherdegreeandprovidesmorespecializedknowledgeinpursuingafulfillinglife.(8.)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentreYoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theideaoftaxingthingsthatarebadforsocietyhaspowerfulallure.Itoffersthepossibilityofadoublebenefit-

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harmfulactivities,whilealsoprovidingthegovernmentwithrevenue.Takesintaxes.Taxesonalcoholmakeitmoreexpensivetogetdrunk,whichreducesexcessivedrinkingand

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driving.Atthesametime,theyprovidestateandlocalgovernmentswithbillionsofdollarsofrevenue.Tobaccotaxes,whichgeneratemorethantwiceasmuchhaveproven

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inthedeclineofsmoking,whichhassavedmillionsoflives.Taxescanalsobeanimportanttoolforenvironmentalprotection,andmanyeconomistssaytaxingcarbonwouldbethebestwaytoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Economictheorysaysthatunlikeincomeorsalestaxes,carbontaxescanactuallyincreaseeconomicefficiency;becausecompaniesthat

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carbondioxideintotheskydon'tpaythecostsoftheclimatechangetheycause,carbontaxeswouldrestoretheproper

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tothemarket.Inreality,carbontaxesalonewon'tbeenoughtohaltglobalwarming,buttheywouldbeausefulpartofanyclimateplan.what'smore,therevenuefromthistax,whichwould

正确答案：26.A27.E28.J29.N30.G31.M32.B33.L34.H35.O参考解析：(9.)Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

正确答案：46.B47.A48.C49.D50.C参考解析：(10.)正确答案：51.D52.A53.D54.C55.B参考解析：(11.)Weoftenthinkofdrawingassomethingthattakesinborntalent,butthiskindofthinkingstemsfromourmisclassificationofdrawingas,primarily,anartformratherthanatoolforlearning.Researchers,teachers,andartistsarestartingtoseehowdrawingcanpositivelyimpactawidevarietyofskillsanddisciplines.Mostofushavespentsometimedrawingbefore,butatsomepoint,mostofusstopdrawing.Therearepeoplewhodon't,obviously,andthankgodforthat:aworldwithoutdesignersandartistswouldbeaveryshabbyoneindeed.Somearguethatsomanyadultshaveabandoneddrawingbecausewe'vemiscategorizeditandgivenitaverynarrowdefinition.Inhisbook,StickFigures:DrawingasaHumanPractice,ProfessorD.B.Dowdarguesthat"Wehavemisfiledthesignificanceofdrawingbecauseweseeitasaprofessionalskillinsteadofapersonalcapacity.Wemistakenlythinkof"good"drawingsasthosewhichworkasrecreationsoftherealworld,asrealisticillusions.Rather,drawingshouldberecategorizedasasymbolictool.Humanbeingshavebeendrawingfor73,000years.It'spartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Wedon'thavethestrengthofchimpanzees(大猩猩)becausewe'vegivenupanimalstrengthtomanipulatcsubtleinstruments,likehammers,spears,and—later—pensandpencils.Thehumanhandisanextremelydenscnetworkofnerveendings.Inmanyways,humanbeingsarebuilttodraw.Someresearchersarguethatdoodling(涂画)activatesthebrain'sso-calleddefaultcircuit—essentially,theareasofthebrainresponsibleformaintainingabaselinelevelofactivityintheabsenceofotherstimuli.Becauseofthis,somebelievethatdoodlingduringaboringlecturecanhelpstudentspayattention.Inonestudy,participantswereaskedtolistentoalistofnameswhileeitherdoodlingorsittingstill.Thosewhoremembered29percentmoreofthenamesthanthosewhodidnot.There'正确答案：46.A)Itisagiftcreativepeopleareendowedwith.47.C)Theyaddbeautyandcharmtotheworld.48.A)Everybodyisbornwiththecapacitytodraw.49.D)Ithelpsimproveconcentrationandmemory.50.D)Precisioninvisualperception(12.)l'malwaysbaffledwhenIwalkintoapharmacyandseeshelvesburstingwithvariousvitamins，extractsandothersupplements,allpromisingtoaccelerateorpromoteweightloss.Aislesofmarketinggeniusbelie(掩饰)thefactthat,26weightlossisdictatedbythelawsofarithmetic.EconomistJessicaIrvinewroteabookabouthowsheusedmathtohelpherlosemorethan18kilograms.Ifcaloriestakeninarelessthancalories_27_，weightshallbelost，andsoitiswithmoney.Despitethe_28_offinancialproducts，servicesandsolutionsgearedtowardsaccumulatingwealth,itallbeginswiththesame_29_:gettingaheadfinancialrequiresareductionofspending,sothatincomeisgreaterthanexpenses.IwasremindedofthisagainrecentlylisteningtoanwithNicoleHaddow,theauthorofSmashed-Avocad,explaininghowshecrackedthepropertymarketat31.lItwasquitea_30,givenwhereshehadbeentwoyearsearlier.ShewassobbingattheNicoledidn'tcelebrateher30thbirthdayasshehad_31_.Shewassobbingatthedinnertablewithherparents,withwhomshehadjustmovedbackin.Shehadnostableincome,$12,000incredit-carddebtandnoplan,buttoher_32_,herfather,anaccountant,toldherthatherfinancial

33_wasn'tasbadasthethought.Hesaid,onherincome,withsomechanges,shewouldbeabletobuyaninvestmentunitwithintwoyears,whichshedid.Nicoleadmittedshewasfortunatc,asshewasabletolivewithherparentsand34_herspending-andlife-togetherselfontrackfinancially.Creatingagapbetweenherincomeandspendingrequiredaparadigmshiftand

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sacrificeandcommitment，butbygoingintofinanciallockdown，Nicolegainedfinancialindependence.正确答案：26O)ultimately27F)expended28A)abundance29E)equation30G)feat31D)envisaged32B)astonishment33L)plight34J)overhaul35C)entailed(13.)inthissetion，thereisapassagewtihtenbanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordsforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoicesinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PlaeasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

I'malwaysbaffledwhenIwalkintoapharmacyandseeshelvesburstingwithvariousvitamins,extractsandothersupplements,allpromisingtoaccelerateorpromoteweightloss.Aislesofmarketinggeniusbelie(掩饰)thefactthat，____26____，weightlossisdictatedbythelawsofartithmetic.EconomistesJessicaTrcinewroteabookabouthowsheusedmathtohelpherlosemorethan18kilograms.Ifcalricstakeninarelessthancalories____27____，weightshallbelost，andsoitiswithmoney.Despitethe___28___offinancialproducts，serviceandsolutionsgearedtowardsaccumulateingwealth，itallbeginswiththesame__29___:gettingaheadfinanciallyrequiresareductionofspengding，sothatincomeisgreaterthanexpenses，iwasremindedofthisagainrecentlylistenningtoaninterviewwithnicolehaddowtheauthorofsamshedavocado，explaininghowshecrackedthepropertymarketat31，itwasquitea____30____,givenwhereshehadbeentwoyearscarlier.Nicoledidn'tcelebrateher30thbirthdayasshehad_31.Shewassobbingatthedinertablewithherparens，wthwhomshehadjustmovedbackin.ShehadnostableincomeS12000incredi-carddebtandnopan，buttoher_32，herfather，anaccountanttoldherthatherfinancial33_wasn'tasbadasshethought.Hesaid，onherincome，withsomechanges，shewouldbeabletobuyaninvestmentunitwithintwoyears，whichshedid.Nicoleadmittedshewasfortunate，asshewasabletolivewithherparentsand34her正确答案：26.H)fragility27.E)diminished28.J)obscurity29.B)authentic30.O)suppress31.F)drowned32.M)purchasable33.G)embark34.A)adversity35.D)depictions(14.)正确答案：26.N27.D28.F29.J30.G31.D32.B33.H34.M35.E参考解析：(15.)正确答案：26F)investigated27E)housed28I)representation29H)portraying30K)secondary31C)bias32.B)appreciation33G)overwhelming34A)alienating35.L)superiority(16.)HowMarconiGaveUstheWirelessWorld正确答案：36.I)Theinteriorminister,ChristopheCastaner,visitedthecathedralonTuesdayafternoontoseetheextentofthedevastation.37.D)ThecathedralisownedbytheFrenchstateandhasbeenatthecentreofayears-longdisputeoverwhoshouldfinancerestorationworkofthecollapsingstaircases,crumblingstatuesandcrackedwalls.38.K)FrenchpoliticalcommentatorsnotedthedevastatingfirehadsucceededwhereMacronhadfailedinunitingthecountry.39.F)Thefire,whichhadstartedatthebaseofthe93-metrespire(尖塔)atabout6:40pmonMonday,spreadthroughthecathedrafsroof,madeupofhundredsofoakbeams,somedatingbacktothe13thcentury.40.B)TherevelationofhowcloseFrancecametolosingitsmostfamouscathedralemergedaspoliceinvestigatorsquestionedworkersinvolvedintherestorationofthemonumenttotrytoestablishthecauseofthedevastatingblaze.41.H)Whiletheworldlookedon,the500firefightersatthescenethenbattledtopreventtheflamesfromreachingthetwomaintowers,wherethecathedralbellshang.42.H)Whiletheworldlookedon,the500firefightersatthescenethenbattledtopreventtheflamesfromreachingthetwomaintowers,wherethecathedralbellshang.43J)Thecultureminister,FranckRiester,saidreligiousrelicssavedfromthecathedralwerebeingsecurelyheldattheHoteldeVille,andworksofartthatsustainedsmokedamagewerebeingtakentotheLouvre,theworld'slargestartmuseum,wheretheywouldbedriedout,repairedandstored.44.D)ThecathedralisownedbytheFrenchstateandhasbeenatthecentreofayears-longdisputeoverwhoshouldfinancerestorationworkofthecollapsingstaircases,crumblingstatuesandcrackedwalls.45.G)Acollectionofdramaticvideosandphotosquicklyspreadacrosssocialmedia,showingthehorrifyingdestruction,andattractingemotionalresponsesfrompeopleallovertheword.(17.)Humansarefascinatedbythesourceoftheirfailingsandvirtues.Thispreoccupationinevitablyleadstoanolddebate:whethernatureornurturenouldsusmore.Arevolutioningeneticshaspoisedthisasamodermpoliticalquestionaboutthecharacterofoursociety:ifpersonalitiesarehard-wiredintoourgenes,whatcangovernmentsdotohelpus?Itfeelsmorallyquestionable,yetclaimsofgeneticselectionbyirntelligencearemakingheadlines.Thisisdownto“hereditciart”(遗传论的)scienceandarecentpaperclaimed“differencesinexamperformancebetweenpupilsattendingselectveandnon-selectiveschoolsmirrorthegeneticdifferencesbetweenthern".Withsuchanassertion,theworkwaspredictablygreetedbyalotofabsurdclaimsabout"geneticsdetermiringacadernicsuccesd".Whattheresearchrevealedwastheratherlesssurprisingresul:theeducationalbeneitsofselectiveschoolslargelydkisappearoncepupils’inbornabilityandsocio-economicbackgroundweretakenintoaccount.Itisaglhrrpseoftheblindinglyobvious-andthere'snothingtobackstronglyeitherahereditaryorenvironmentalargunent.Yetthepaperdoessaychildrenare“uninatertionallygeneticallyselectebytheschoo1system.Centraltohereditarianscienceisatallclairm.thatidentifiablevariationsingeneticsequencescanpredictanirndividal'saptnesstolean，reasonandsolveproblems.Thisisproblematiconmanylevels.Ateachercouldnotseriouslytelaparenttheirchildhasalowgenetictendencytostudywhenexternalfactorsclearlyexist.Untike-mindedacademicssaytheinheritabilityofhumantraitsisscientificallyunsoundAtbestthereisaweakstatisticalassociationandnotacausallinkbetweenDNAandintelligence.Yetsophisticatedstatisticsareusedtocreateanintimidatoryatmosphereofscientificcertainty.Whilethere'sanundoubtedgeneticbasistoindividualdifference,itiswrongtothinkthatsociallydefinedgroups正确答案：46.D)Students*academicperformanceisdeterminedbytheirgenes.47.A)Itsresultwasquestionable.48.B)Itisnotoneofcauseandeffect.49.A)Takeallrelevantfactorsintoaccountininterpretingtheirdata.50.D)Promotingdiscriminationinthenameofscience.(18.)NicolaSturgeon'sspeechlastTuesdaysettingouttheScottishgovernment'slegislativeprogrammefortheyearaheadconfirmedwhatwasalreadyprettyclear.ScottishcouncilsaresettobethefirstintheUKwiththepowertolevychargesonvisitors，withEdinburghlikelytoleadtheway.Touristtazesarenotnew.TheHimayalankingdormofBhutanhasalongstandingpolcyofchargingvisitorsadailyfee.France'staxedesejouronovernightstayswasintroducedtoassistthermaispa（温泉)townstodevelop,andaroundhalfofFrenchlocalauthoritiesuseittoday.Butsuchleviesareontherise.MovesbyBarcelonaandvericetodealwiththephenomenonof"over-tourisrm”throughtheuseofchargeshaverecentlygainedprorminence.JapanandGreeceareamongthecountriestohaverecentlyintroducedtouristtaxes.ThattheUKlagsbehindisduetoourweak,byinternationalstandards,localgovernment,aswellastheoppositiontotazesandregulationofouraggressivelypro-marketrulingparty.SomeUKcitieshavelobbiedwithoutsuccessforthepowertolevyachargeonvisitors.Suchleviesarenouniversalremedyastheamountsraisedwouldbetinycomparedwithwhathasbeentakenawaybycentralgovernmentsince2010.StillitistobehopedthattheScottishgovernment'sboldmovewillpromptotherstoact.ThereisnoreasonwhyvisitorstotheUK,ordomestictouristsonholidayinhotspotssuchasCornwall,shouldbeexemptfromtaxation-particularlywhenvitallocalservicesincludirngwastecollection,parkmaintenanceandartsandculturespendingareunderunprecedentedstrain.Onthecontrary,compellingtouriststomakeafinancialcontributiontotheplacestheyvisit:beyondtheirpersonalconsurmptionshouldbepartofawiderculturalshift.westernerswithdisposableincomeshaveoftenbehavedasiftheyhavearighttogowherevertheychoosewithlittleregardfortheconsequences.Justastheenvironmentalharrmcausedbyavi正确答案：51.B)TouristswillhavetopayataxtovisitScotland.52.C)Itsrulingpartyisopposedtotaxesandregulation.53.D)Easeitsfinancialburdenofprovidinglocalservices54.A)Theydon,tseemtocareaboutthesocialcostoftourism.55.D)Unclear.(19.)[A]NotreDameCathedralintheheartofPariswaswithin“15to30minutes’ofcompletedestructionasfirefightersbattledtostopflamesreachingitsbelltowersonMondayevening,Frenchauthoritieshaverevealed.AGREaterdisasterwasavertedbymembersoftheParisfirebrigade,whoriskedtheirlivestoremaininsidetheburningmonumenttocreateawallofwaterbetweentheragingfireandthetwotowersonthewestofthebuilding.[B]TherevelationofhowcloseFrancecametolosingitsmostfamouscathedralemergedaspoliceinvestigatorsquestionedworkersinvolvedintherestorationofthemonumenttotrytoestablishthecauseofthedevastatingblaze.ParisprosecutorRemyHeitzsaidthataninitialfirealertwassoundedat6:20pmonMondayeveningbutnofirewasfound.Thesecondalertwassoundedat6:43pm,andtheblazewasdiscoveredontheroof.[C]Morethan€650millionwasraisedinafewhoursonTuesdayasFrenchbusinessleadersandglobalcorporationsannouncedtheywoulddonatetoarestorationcampaignlaunchedbythepresident,EmmanuelMacron.Butastheemergencyservicespickedthroughtheburntdebris,arowwasresurfacingoveraccusationsthatthebelovedcathedral,immortalisedinVictorHugo'snovel,wasalreadycrumblingbeforethefire.[D]ThecathedralisownedbytheFrenchstateandhasbeenatthecentreofayears-longdisputeoverwhoshouldfinancerestorationworkofthecollapsingstaircases,crumblingstatuesandcrackedwalls.Jean-MichelLeniaud,thepresidentofthescientificcouncilattheNationalHeritageInstitute,said:“Whathappenedwasboundtohappen.Thelackofadequatemaintenanceanddailyattentiontosuchamajesticbuildingisthecauseofthiscatastrophe.”Aftertheblazewasdeclaredcompletelyextinguished,15hoursafteritstarted,thejuniorinteriorminister,LaurentNunez,saidthestructurehadbeensavedbutremainedvulnerable.Hepraisedtheactions正确答案：I36.ThetotalamountofdamagetoNotreDameCathedralcanbeassessedonlywhenitsstructureisconsideredsafe.C37.OnceagainpeoplebegantoarguewhetherNotreDameCathedralwasgoing