2025年北京市东城区高三一模英语试卷（含答案）

第8页/共9页北京市东城区2024-2025学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Rebeccaremembersthefirsttimeshewasupsetbythesightofhundredsofroses.Itwasafteraweddingreceptionlastyearasshewascleaninguptheroom.“Nobodyhad1forwhattodowithalloftheflowersafterthewedding.Wecollectedasmanyaswecouldinourcars,butthereweresomanyleftover.Whenwewerethrowingalltheserosesintotrashbags,Ifelt2aboutthewaste,”saidRebecca.Latelastyear,RebeccaandherfriendLauraRuthbothweremourning(悼念)theirfatherswhentheybegantalkingabouttheflowersthattheyreceived.Theflowerswerea3,butmadethemthinkaboutthenationwideproblemoffloralwaste.Then,theystartedanonprofit,FriendlyCityFlorals,toreuseflowers4fromweddingsandfloralshopsinthearea.“We'veputthe5outeverywherethatifyouhavetoomanyflowersanddon'tknowwhattodowiththem,we'll6themoffyourhands,”Rebeccasaid.Theynowdevoteseveraldaysaweektopickingupflowers,fresheninganddeliveringthemtoseniorcarehomes,hospitalsandschoolsintheirarea.Thedonatedflowersare7welcomeattheCommunityRetirementCentre.“It'sa8waytogiveourresidentsjoyandpurpose.Seeingallthoseflowersinstantlybrightensuptheirday,”thecentre'smanagersaid.RebeccaandLauraarenotthefirstto9flowers:AVirginiadoctorcollectsflowersanddonatesthemtoherhospitalpatients.Butthepairhopetheidea10evenmorearoundthecountry.“Ifourflowersgiveonepersonafewmomentsofhappinessonadifficultday,thenit'sallworthwhile,”Rebeccasaid.1.A.paid B.applied C.hoped D.planned2.A.confused B.impatient C.terrible D.curious3.A.symbol B.comfort C.reminder D.wonder4.A.purchased B.borrowed C.separated D.donated5.A.word B.signal C.effort D.task6.A.set B.take C.hold D.keep7.A.still B.already C.always D.even8.A.funny B.creative C.traditional D.formal9.A.exhibit B.preserve C.harvest D.repurpose10.A.catcheson B.comesup C.runsoff D.standsout第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AAfteraweekendtrip,myfriendandI11(drive)homewhenabluecarsuddenlypulledupbesideusatastoplight.Awomanandherlittledaughterexcitedlytoldusshoeshadflown12ourcar!Werealizedourotherfriendmusthaveleftthemontheroof.Wethankedthemandwentbacktosearch,13wecouldn'tfindtheshoesuntilthesamecarreappeared!Thesekindstrangershadcircledback,14(spot)shoesandevenpickingthemupforus.Theirunexpectedefforttohelpusoutmadeourday.BResearchershavediscoveredthatdogscanidentifythevoicesofdifferentmembersoftheirhumanfamily.Theresearchteamtested31petdogs.Threehumancaretakersofeachdog15(ask)torecordtheirvoices.Thentheysatquietlyinfrontofthedogwhiletherecordingplayed.Thedogsusuallyapproached—oratleastspentmoretimelookingat——theperson16voicetheyheard.Expertshopetostudywhetherothermammalshavethisskill,sotheycanbetterunderstand17differentspecieslearntocommunicatewitheachother.CAIandlearninghaveapowerfulandcollaborativerelationship.AIactsasasmarttool,personalizinglessons18(match)eachstudent'spaceandneeds,whichmakeslearningmoreeffective.Italsosupportsteachersbyautomatingtaskslikegrading,allowingthemtofocusmoreoninstructionandstudentinteraction.However,itisimportanttouseAIresponsibly——itshouldcomplement,notreplace,theroleofteachersandstudents.Ensuring19(fair),privacy,andethicaluseisessential.When20(use)wisely,AIcantransformeducationforthebetter.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Theappstoreisfloodedwithastronomy-basedappsthatcanhelpguideyoutowardscelestial(天体的)wonders.Butwhatifyou'rereadytolookdeeperintothenightskyusingatelescope?Nobodywantstomakeabiginvestment,andthenaimlesslyscanthestarstryingtofindanobject.Helpisneeded.Thankfully,thereisasolutiontothat.CelestarisaleaderintheworldoftelescopesanditsStarSmartExplorerappanddockhavebeendesignedtorunonitstelescopes.ThefreeStarSmartExplorerappusesinformationbasedonpreciselocationandtimetotellyouwhichstarsandplanetscanbeseeninthenightsky.HowitworksConnectthephonewiththetelescopeandselectyourintendedcelestialtarget.Thephonewillbeheldoveranintegratedmirror,sothatstarpatternscanreflectoffthemirrorandintothephone'scamera.StarSmartExplorerprocessestheinformationandyourtelescopewilladjustaccordingly,placingthetargetinthemiddle.Aswellaslocatingyourdesiredtarget,StarSmartExplorerholdsdetailedinformationaboutyourchosenobject.Listentoanaudiopresentationwhileyouobserve.Theappwillevengiveyouobservingtipsonhowtogetthebestview.Whyit'sspecialMostastronomyappsuseasmartphone'scompasstoestimateitsposition.Thepointingaccuracyofasmartphonehasmarginforerror.Precisionmatterswhenitcomestostargazing.StarSmartExploreristheonlyastronomyapptousemodernplatesolvingtechnologytofinditstarget,anditclaimsatypicalpointingaccuracyof0,25°,Theapptakesapictureofthenightskyandmatchesthestarpatternwithintheimagetoitsinternaldatabase.It'ssimilar,inessence,tofacialrecognition.Platesolvingwouldnormallyrequirespecialisedtechnology,suchassensitiveimagingcamera,lensandastronomicalsoftware,allatgreatcost.TheStarSmartExplorerappisfreeandworkswellwithStarSmartExplorertelescopes,startingfrom£299.99.Ifyou'rereadytotakeadeeperdiveintoastronomy,Celestar'sStarSmartExplorertechnologywillmakeafinecompanion.Youcandiscovermoreat/starsmart.21.StarSmartExplorercanhelp_________.A.decideobservationdurationB.locatestarspreciselyC.recordinformationonstarsD.findunknownplanets22.StarSmartExplorerisuniquebecause_________.A.itmatchesdifferenttypesoftelescopesB.itusesasmartphone'sbuilt-incompassC.itispoweredbyadvancedtechnologyD.itisequippedwiththelatestdatabase23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Tointroduceasetofequipment.B.Topromoteastargazingproduct.C.Torecommendascienceproject.D.Topresentanastronomicaldiscovery.BIwasinatinyplanewithskydiversintheir70sand80s,andIwasdistracted.Thereporterinmewastryingtoremembereverything;thepreflightrituals(仪式);thejokes;thewaythejumperscheckedtheirinstruments.Therestofmewasfocusedonthefactthatinafewminutes,Iwouldjumpoutofaplaneflying12,500feetabovetheground.IwasreportingonWestWays,agroupofskydiversintheirlate50stoearly90s.Thegroupwasstartedin1987byMs.Westandherhusband,andmembershavejumpedtogetheraboutonceamontheversince.ThisSunday,theywerecelebratingtheirholidayparty,whichincludedagiftexchangeanda28-pointformationinfreefall.Aswereachedaltitude,Mr.Westwentoverthejumpformationoncemorebeforeleadingthegroupinacheerformyjump.Itwastime.Onebyonetheyjumped.Intheair,theygrabbedholdofoneanother,formingtheshapeofasnowflake.Thenitwasmyturn.Mr.Diazedgedmeforward.Itookadeepbreath.Andonthecountofthree,weleapedintofreefall.Ihadneverbeensoawareofmysenses:Ifeltthecoldairagainstmyfaceandthewindpushingbackmyarmsandlegs.Afterafewseconds,Iwasabletolookaround.Afterafewminutes,welanded.ThemembersofWestWayscheeredandclappedmeonthebackasItriedtocatchmybreath.Overthenextsixhours,Iinterviewedthemastheydidtwomorejumps.(Istayedfirmlyontheground.)Iheardtalesaboutfirstkissesinfreefallandparachuting(跳伞)intoweddings.Whatstruckmewasn'ttheextraordinaryphysicalaccomplishment,buthowalong-standing,activecommunityoffersawayforthoseinittoagegracefully.Idon'tknowwhetherI'llskydiveagain.ButIhopethatwhenI'm80,IcanregularlyexperienceasuspensionoftimewithpeopleI'veknownfordecades,beforeweparachutebackdowntoearth.24.WhatdoweknowaboutWestWays?A.Theymakejumpingaroutine.B.Theyarewelltrainedprofessionals.C.Theysetanagelimittonewmembers.D.Theyarefamousfortheirdivingpatterns.25.WhydidtheauthorjoinWestWaysthatday?A.Tocelebrateaholiday.B.Totryasport.C.Tocarefortheelderly.D.Tocoverastory.26.WhatimpressedtheauthormostaboutWestWays?A.Theiroptimisticattitude.B.Theirlifelongbond.C.Theirphysicalachievements.D.Theirremarkableskills.CAnyonewithinsomniaknowstheimpatienceandfrustrationthataccompaniessleeplessness.Youlongforabuttonthatcouldinstantlydampenallthatmentalactivity.Theideaofamentalswitchisnotfar-fetched.Mostneuroscientistsnowagreethatourwakefulnessiscoordinatedbyatinybundleofneurons(一小束神经元)knownasthe“locuscoeruleus”(LC),Latinfor“bluedot”.Itisaliteraldescription:theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleushavethebluecolourfromtheproductionofaparticularneurotransmitter,callednorepinephrine.Norepinephrineraisesthechancethataneuronwill“fire”withanelectriccurrent.Whentheybecomeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrain——enhancingthecommunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.Thereareslightdifferencesintheprocess.Dependingonthetypesofreceptorstheyhave,someneuronsaremoresensitivetosmalleramountsofnorepinephrine,whileothersonlyrespondtohigherthresholds.Thismeansthat,asthelocuscoeruleusactivityrises,itwillstarttoaffectsomebrainareasmorethanothers,whichcanhavedramaticeffectsonthingslikeourfocus,concentrationandcreativity.Giventhebluedot'srole,itmakessensethatitwouldbequietestatnightduringsleep.Itisnotentirelysilent,however,butfiresoccasionally—andrecentresearchbyAnitaLüthiattheUniversityofLausannesuggeststhatthisactivitymaydeterminethequalityofoursleeps.Acrossthenight,wealternatebetweendifferentsleepstages.Thereis“rapideyemovement”(REM)sleep,whichisassociatedwithvividdreamingandisthoughttobecrucialforprocessingandconsolidatingmemories.Muchofourrest,however,isspentinnon-REM(NREM)sleep,duringwhichthebrainmayengageinadeepclean,clearingawaycellularwaste.Measuringbrainactivityindozingmice,AnitafoundNREMsleepwasassociatedwithtemporaryburstsoflocuscoeruleusactivityevery50seconds.Asaresult,theanimalwasmoresensitivetooutsidestimuli,likenoises—withoutfullywaking.“It'sgeneratingthisstateofenhancedvigilance(警觉),”Anitasays.“Itreallygivesyouthisideathatwakefulnesscanbegradedinthebrain.”ThebeginningofREMsleepwasalmostalwaysassociatedwithlowlocuscoeruleusactivity.“ThattransitiontoREMsleephastobeverywellcontrolled,”saysAnita,“becauseinREMsleep,wehaveatonia.”That'sthetemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofourbody,whichpreventsusfromphysicallyactingoutourdreams.Anitaemphasisesthatherexperimentswereconductedinmice,sowestillneedtoconfirmthatthebluedotplaysasimilarroleinhumansleep.Ifso,shesuspectsthatalteredlocuscoeruleusactivitycouldbeimplicatedinconditions—suchasanxiety—thatmaycontributetodisorderedsleep.Shefoundthatexposingherlaboratorymicetomildsourcesofstress—suchasknockingontheircage—raisedthebluedot'sactivityandincreasedtheirvigilancethroughoutthenight,resultinginfragmentedsleep.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A.Neurons.B.Electriccurrents.C.Projections.D.Neurotransmitters.28.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheroleoftheLC?A.Producingreceptors.B.Preservingcellsensitivity.C.Monitoringbrainactivity.D.Improvingneuralconnectivity.29.WhichofthefollowingmayAnitaLüthiagreewith?A.Thebluedotfiresregularlyatnight.B.StresshasanimpactontheLCactivity.C.LowLCactivitycanhelpcleancellularwaste.D.Atoniaresultsfromsuddenburstsofbrainactivity.30.Whatmightbethenextstepoftheresearch?A.Gradingthewakefulnessofhumanbrains.B.Unlockingthemechanismofsleepdisorder.C.Assessingthefunctionofthebluedotonhumans.D.IdentifyingapproachestoalteringtheLCactivity.DYearsaftermyarthistoryclass,Iaminsufferableatmuseums.“That'sdefinitelyaMatisse,”Isay.“Youcantellbecauseofthebrushworkandtheuseofcolour.”SometimesitisnotaMatissebutoftentimesitis.Itisunsettlingtolearn,then,thatforallofmycarefullywonartappreciation,Iamindangerofbeingsurpassedbyaninsect.Inarecentstudy,honeybees—whosebrainsarethesizeofgrassseeds——wereshownPicassosandMonetspairedsidebyside.Belowtheprintsweretwosmallcontainers,onecontainingsugarwaterandtheothernothingatall.Whichtoenter?Beescouldn'tseeorsmellwhetheragivencontainerheldthetreatuntilthey'dalreadyflowninsideit.Buttheycouldletthemasterpiecesguidethem:forsomebees,therewardwasalwaysunderthePicasso,whilefortherestitwasundertheMonet.Overthecourseofmanytrials,thebeeslearnedtoflystraightforthecorrectcontainer.Indeed,theyevenperformedslightlybetterthanchancewhenfacedwithpairsofpaintingsthey'dneverseenbefore.Thebeeshadlearnedtodiscriminate,howevermodestly,betweenthetwoartists'styles.Tobesure,humansstillhavetheedge.LastyearateamofresearchersledbyLianeGaborafoundthatartstudentswereperfectlycapableofidentifyingwhichwell-knownartistwasbehindwhichunknownpainting.Creativewritingstudentsweresimilarlyexcellentatspottinglittle-readpassagesbyHemingwayorDickens—askillIcanonlyassumenohoneybeehasyetdemonstrated.Evenmoreimpressively,though,thestudentscouldrecognizeas-yet-unseensamplesofeachother'swork,includingworkinentirelydifferentmediums.Creativewriterscouldidentifytheirfellowwriters'paintingsandsketches;paintershadaprettygoodideawho'dbroughtwhichpoemorclaypot.It'sclearwhatthebeesweredoing:pickingupandcategorizingcomplexvisualpatternsinthepairsofimages.Butrecognizingdifferencesacrossmediumsisaltogetherdifferent.Whetherwe'rewritingpoemsorbuildingsculptures,Gaboraargues,we'redoingsowiththesamemind:onethatstructuresinformationinthesameway,hasbeenshapedbythesameexperiences,andlongstoexpressthesameideas.Naturally,ourtechniquesandpreoccupationsinonedomainshould“out”usinanother.ButstillIwonder:Justwhataboutthesetechniquesandpreoccupationsdidthetrick?Theresearchersdidtheirbesttokeepsubjectmatterfromrulingthedaybyinstructing,forinstance,artistswhohappenedtobesurfersnottobringinartthatdepicted(描绘)surfing.Butwhatoflessobvioussubjectmatter—likeWesternlandscapes?Andwhatoftheobsessionsthatcomeintoourworkunawares?Acorrelationalstudylikethisonewillnotanswerthesequestions.Perhapsmybiggestquestionhastodowithpeoplewhodon'tidentifyasartists,andhaven'tsettled—oratleastwouldclaimso—onapersonalstyle.Aretheircreationsalsoareflectionoftheirworldview?Itseemslikelythat,atleasttosomeextent,badartisallalike,whileonlygoodartisgoodinitsownway.31.Whydoestheauthormentionbees?A.Topresentanexample.B.Toputforwardatheory.C.Todrawoutacomparison.D.Tohighlightaresearchfinding.32.Whydoestheauthorthinkhumansstillhavetheedge?A.Becausewecantransferourexperiences.B.Becausewecandiscriminatestyles.C.Becausewecancategorizepatterns.D.Becausewecanlearnfromtrials.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“out”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Assist.B.Trick.C.Beat.D.Expose.34.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WillBeesBeatHumans?B.HowWillYouViewaView?C.WhyGoodArtWorksWonders?D.WhatMakesHemingwayHemingway?第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Voicenotesareahighlydivisivemediumofcommunication.Therearethose,likeme,whoenjoybothleavingandlisteningtothem;andthentherearethosewhodislikethemandfeelverystronglyaboutthat.35Apollfoundthat62%ofAmericanshavesentvoicenotes,andabout30%communicatethiswayonaregularbasis.Buteventhevoicenoteloversamongushaveourlimits.Allofusknowavoicenotebore.Anditistimetoestablishsomegroundrules.Thefirstrule:onlyeverleavevoicenotesforsomeonethatyouareconfidentlikesyou.36Itisalsosomewhatself-indulgent(我行我素).Whileaspotofself-indulgencecanbehealthy,itisunreasonabletoexpectsomeonewhodislikesyoutoindulgeyou.Nevergivecomplicatedinstructionsinavoicenote.37Ifyouendupleavingalongvoicenotethatcontainsamixtureofkeyinformationandotherbits,followitupwithatextthatgivestheotherpersontheimportantstuff,sothey'renotforcedtolistenstraightaway.38Leavingavoicenotethatisunder10secondslong——unlessyouarefunnyortheotherpersonlikesyou——isannoying.Typeitoutinstead.Followtheotherperson'scues.Iftheyarerespondingtoyoureight-minutespecialswithone-minutevoicemessages,takethehint.Also,ifyourmessageislongerthanaboutfourminutes,youshouldbeopentothepossibilitythattheotherpersonisgoingtotakealongtimetolistenandrespond.Ifyourmessageisupwardsof10minutes,theymightneverlistentoit.___39___Allyouneeddo,really,isremembertouseabitofcommonsense.Moderninnovationsneednotnegategoodold-fashionedmanners.A.Beatpeacewiththat.B.Beresponsiveandinformative.C.Youneednotkeepyourmessagestooshort.D.Itseemsthehatersarelosingthebattle,though.E.Avoicenoteisademandonsomeoneelse'stime.F.Itsuggestslimitingvoicenotestolessthantwominutes.G.Theseshouldbetypedoutsotheotherpersoncanreferback.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Picturethis:Yourteamisracingagainsttimetosubmitanewproposal.Youfinallymanagetoputallthedocumentstogether.Theproposallooksgreatandyou'reconfidentthatyou'llprobablywinit.Aweeklater,yougetanemail:“Wereallylikedyourproposal,butwefoundamistakeinit.So…”You'refrustratedandangry.Youcallyourteamin,blamethemfornotcheckingthedocumentscarefully,andstormoutoftheroom.What'sthepossibleresult?Yourteamprobablythinksyou'rethanklessandunkind.Yourrelationshipmaybedamaged.Astudyshowsthatthebrainrespondsmorestronglytobadexperiencesthangoodones.Theauthorsconcludedthat,“Goodcanonlymatchorovercomebadbystrengthofnumbers.”Howmuchgoodcanovercomebad?Fivepositiveexperiencesareaboutequaltoonenegativeone.Weareallnaturallywiredtoblameotherpeopleorcircumstanceswhenthingsgowrong.Thisispartiallypsychological,drivenbythefundamentalattributionbias.Wetendtobelievethatwhatpeopledoreflectswhotheyare,ratherthanconsideringtheremaybeotherfactorsinfluencingtheirbehaviour.Thereisalsoabiologicalexplanation.Recentresearchshowsthatpositiveeventsareprocessedbytheprefrontalcortex(大脑皮层),whichtakesawhileandtendstoconcludethatgoodthingshappenbyluck.Negativeevents,ontheotherhand,areprocessedbytheamygdala,whichcontrolsourfight-or-flightresponse.Theamygdalausuallyconcludesthatbadthingshappenonpurpose,anditcomestothisconclusionlightningfast.Sofastthatwedon'tevennoticewe'remakinganassumption;wejustknowthatthepersonclosesttotheproblemmusthavedoneitonpurpose!Thisleadstothesecondproblemwithblame—wedon'tnoticehowoftenwedoit.Thiscanbedamaging.Ourbrainsinterpretblamethesamewaytheyinterpretaphysicalattack.Whenweareblamed,ourprefrontalcorticeseffectivelyshutdownanddirectallourenergytodefendingourselves,whichimpactsourabilitytosolvetheproblemforwhichwearebeingblamed.Nowthatwebetterunderstandthepsychologybehindblame,whatcanwedotopromoteablame-freeculture?40.Whatmightbethe