译林版9年级英语上册教案课件-第4课-阅读题型训练猜测词义题

阅读题型训练：猜测词义题一、总述:

猜测词义题主要考查文章中出现的词或词组的意思。常见的考查方式为要求考生推测出生词或者词组的汉语意思、英语近义词或者词组的引申义。

在中学阶段的英语阅读考试中,主要考查对文章中生词的理解。因此,我们在本学期的报纸中将重点向同学们介绍推测生词含义的方法。

阅读理解文章中对生词的考查有的是考查影响文章理解的非常重要的超纲词汇,还有的是考查一词多义的单词在文中的含义。二、方法介绍:

总的来说,推测生词含义有两种方法,即通过词根词缀和通过上下文来推测。1.通过词根词缀推测生词的含义。

在英语中一个基本词根加上各种不同的词缀构成不同词性或不同词义的单词,叫衍生词。一般前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性。例如:(1)前缀表示否定的前缀un-:real真实的→unreal不真实的表示否定的前缀dis-:advantage优势→disadvantage劣势意为"再次"的前缀re-:appear出现→reappear再次出现(2)后缀将动词变成名词的后缀-er:workv.工作→workern.工人将动词变成形容词的后缀-able:drinkv.喝→drinkableadj.能饮用的将名词变成形容词的后缀-ous:couragen.勇气→courageousadj.勇敢的2.通过上下文推测生词的含义。

常用的通过上下文来推测生词含义的方法有四种,即同义法、反义法、逻辑法和常识法。(1)同义法:利用定义或解释来推测生词的意思。①用动词be,mean或词组referto给出前面生词的含义。例如:Facilityisaplaceusedforaparticularpurposeoractivity,usuallyincludingbuildings.(facility供特定用途的场所)②通过举例的方法给出生词的含义。例如:Afteradayofhunting,Haroldwasravenous.Yesterday,forexample,heatetwobowlsofsoup,salad,alargechicken,andapieceofchocolatecakebeforehewasfinallysatisfied.(ravenous饥饿的)③通过生词后括号内或者破折号后的内容给出生词的含义。例如:Theyendedinadraw(Tofinishagamewithouteitherteamwinning).(endinadraw双方打成平手)④通过生词的同位语或定语给出生词的含义。例如:He’sadentist,that’stosay,apersonwhosejobistotakecareofpeople’steeth.(dentist牙医)(2)反义法:通过后面表示转折意思或者对比关系的词来推测生词的意思。在阅读过程中,如有表示转折的词but,though,however等和表示对比关系的词或表达unlike,differentfrom,onthecontrary等出现,那就表明这些词语的前后就是两个完全相反的概念。例如:Heisapunctualboy,buthewaslatethismorning.(punctual守时的)(3)逻辑法:利用句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测生词含义的方法。表示类比的词或表达有thesameas,similarly,inthesameway等；表示因果关系的词或表达有asaresult,therefore,because,so,consequently,dueto等；表示递进关系的词或表达有andthen,even,infact等。例如:TheEnglishclasswasdelayedbecausetheteacherwasill.(delay推迟)(4)常识法:利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法。例如:Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass.(根据蛇的生活习性,我们能够推断出slither的意思为"爬行"。)三、常见的提问方式:

1.Theunderlinedword"land"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"_______".2.Theexpression"negativepicture"mostprobablymeans"_______".3.Theunderlinedword"victory"inPara-graph5means"________".4.Theword"delay"inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby"________".5.Theword"passionate"inthemiddleofthepassageistheclosestinmeaningto"_______".真题重现:例1:...Formanycenturiesandinallcountries,peoplehavestudiedtheweatherandtriedtomakeweatherforecasting.Ringsaroundthesunareasignofwetweather.Thatmanypeoplefeeltheirjoints(关节)hurtisasignofwetweather.Somebirdsflyhighiffineweatheriscoming,buttheyflynearthegroundifrainyorstormyweatherisontheway.Ifyouseearain-bowduringrainyweather,thisisasignthattheweatherwillbecomeclearandfine.Suchrainbowscomeintheevening...(宿迁市中考题阅读理解A篇)Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedheretoreplace(取代)theunderlinedphrase"ontheway"?A.awayB.goneC.disappearingD.coming解析:

在本段第四句的前半句我们得知当好天气来临的时候,一些鸟会飞得很高。后半句用一个转折词表示反义,即坏天气的时候这些鸟会有怎样的表现。因此,我们可以推断出后半句的ontheway和前半句的coming意思是一样的。因此,正确答案为D。例2:Onedaywhensomegovernmentofficialswererebuildingabarn(谷仓),theyfoundamouseholeinacornerandusedsmoketoforcethemiceinsidetheholetocomeout.Awhilelatertheyindeedsawmicerunningout,oneafteranother.Then,everyonethoughtthatallthemicehadescaped.Butjustastheybegantocleanup,theysawtwomicesqueezing(挤)outatthemouthofthehole.Withsomeefforts,themicefinallygotout.However,itwasstrangethataftertheycameoutofthehole,theydidnotrunawayimmediately.Instead,onechasedaftertheothernearthemouthofthehole.Itseemedthatonewastryingtobite(咬)thetailoftheother.Everyonewaspuzzled,sotheysteppednearertotakealook.Theyrealizedthatoneofthemicewasblindandcouldnotseeanything,andtheotherwastryingtoallowtheblindmousetobiteonhistailsothathecouldpulltheblindonewithhimtoescape.Afterseeingwhathappened,everyonewasspeechlessandlostinthought.Duringthemealtime,thegroupofpeoplesatdowninacircleandstartedtochataboutwhathappenedtothetwomice.OneseriousAmericanofficialsaid,"Ithinktherelationshipbetweenthosetwomicewasthatofkingandguard."Theothersthoughtforawhileandsaid,"Thatwaswhy!"AsmartFrenchsaid,"Ithinktherelationshipbetweenthetwomicewasthatofhusbandandwife."Againtheothersthoughtforawhile,andallfeltitmadesense...(武汉市中考题阅读理解C篇)"itmadesense"probablymeans_______.A.itwascorrectB.itwasstrangeC.itwasfunnyD.itwassweet

解析:

根据前面两段的描述,我们可以推测出这两只老鼠的关系很密切。在第四段一位美国官员猜测它们是皇帝和侍卫的关系,其他官员表示有这种可能。接着,在第五段一位法国官员推测它们是夫妻关系,这也是有可能的。这时,我们就可以猜测出itmadesense和前面的thatwaswhy有相似的意思,即都表示有这种可能。因此,正确答案为A。例3:Ineverylittlegirl’stoybox,theremightbeaBarbieDoll.Barbieis50yearsoldthisyear.Itwasdesignedin1959byanAmericanbusinesswomannamedRuthHandler.SheandherhusbandElliottstartedthetoycompanyMattel.ShenamedthenewdollaftertheirdaughterBarbara.ThefirstBarbieDollappearedatthetoyfair(交易会)inNewYorkonMarch9th,1959.ThisdateisusedasBarbie’sbirth-day.MattelsoldthreehundredthousandBarbieDollsinthefirstyearatapriceofthreedollars.Today,afifty-year-oldBarbieingoodconditionmightcostmorethantwenty-seventhousanddollars.Mattelsays90%ofthegirlsintheUnitedStatesagedfromthreetotenownatleastoneBarbieDoll.Andgirlsagedthreetosixownaverage(平均)ofabouttwelve.WhenMattelcreatedBarbieDollshalfacenturyago,theyneverthoughtthisdollwouldbecomealegend.NowBarbieDollsarefamousallovertheworld.Theyaresoldinonehundredandfiftycountries,andeverysecondthreeBarbieDollsaresoldaroundtheworld.(福州市中考题阅读理解B篇)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"legend"meaninthepassage?A.传播B.传奇C.传承D.传述解析:

根据前面几段的叙述,由BarbieDolls诞生到现在的销售、购买者的年龄以及它经久不衰的流行度可推知这是个传奇。因此,正确答案为B。小试牛刀

Youshouldhavemanythingstohaveagoodlife.Motivationisanimportantone.

Whatismotivation?Motivationissomethingthatallowsyoutogoafterandgetwhatyouwantinlife.Youneedmotivationwhenyoudomanythingsinlife.Forexample,ifyouwanttochangeyourcharacter,tostartanewhabitortobe-comeabetterchild,youneedmotivation.

Sohowcanyoudevelopmotivation?Hereareafewthingsthatyoushoulddo:1.Payattentiontoonegoal1atatime.

Youshouldmakesurethatyourshort-te