道岔控制电路原理铁路信号基础设备维护课件

道岔控制电路原理天津铁道职业技术学院铁路信号基础设备维护高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电路工作原理每组单动或双动道岔都有一套道岔控制电路。道岔控制电路包括道岔启动电路和道岔表示电路两部分。道岔启动电路是动作转辙机、转换道岔的电路；道岔表示电路是反映道岔位置的电路。在提速区段和高速区段基本使用五线制交流转辙机控制电路。（一）转辙机控制电路概述1.道岔启动电路的技术条件（1）道岔区段有车占用或道岔区段轨道电路发生故障时，道岔不能转换。对道岔的此种锁闭称为区段锁闭。（2）进路在锁闭状态时，进路上的道岔不能再转换。对道岔的此种锁闭称为进路锁闭。（3）道岔一经启动，就应转换到底，不受车辆进入影响，也不受车站值班员的控制。（4）道岔启动电路接通后，由于电路故障使道岔未转动，应能自动断开启动电路。（5）道岔转换途中受阻使道岔不能转换到底时，应保证经车站值班员操纵能使道岔转回原位。（6）道岔转换完毕应能自动切断启动电路。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrincipleEachgroupofsingle-actingordouble-actingturnouthasasetofturnoutcontrolcircuit.Theturnoutcontrolcircuitincludestwoparts:turnoutstartcircuitandturnoutindicationcircuit.Theturnoutstartingcircuitisthecircuitofswitchmachineandswitch;theturnoutindicatingcircuitisthecircuitreflectingthepositionofturnout.Thefive-wireACswitchmachinecontrolcircuitisbasicallyusedinthespeedsectionandhigh-speedsection.1.Overviewofswitchmachinecontrolcircuit1.TechnicalconditionsofturnoutstartingcircuitBasedonthebasicrequirementsofensuringthesafetyoftrainoperation,andcombinedwiththecontinuousrevisionandimprovementofalargenumberofoperationalpractices,thefollowingtechnicalconditionsarefinallyconfirmedfortheturnoutstartcircuit.(1)Turnoutsectionoccupiedbycars,orturnoutsectiontrackcircuitfailure,thesectionoftheturnoutcannotbeconverted.Suchlockingoftheturnoutiscalledblocklocking.(2)Theapproachroadinthelockedstate,theapproachroadturnoutcannotbeconverted.Suchlockingoftheturnoutiscalledapproachlocking.(3)Oncetheturnoutisstarted,itshouldbefinishworking,notaffectedbythevehicleentry,andnotcontrolledbythestationdutyofficer.Otherwise,whenthevehicleenterstheturnoutsection,iftheturnoutstopsoriscontrolledbythestationwatchmanandturnsback,itmaycausederailmentorcrowdedturnoutaccident.High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple(4)Aftertheturnoutstartcircuitisconnected,duetocircuitfailure(suchasswitchcircuitcontrolcontact,motorcarbonbrushpoorcontact)sothattheturnoutisnotrotating,shouldbeabletoautomaticallydisconnectthestartcircuit,soastoavoidtheeliminationofthefaultduetotheneighboringlinetrainvibrationandotherreasonscausedbytheturnoutconversion.(5)Theswitchisblockedonthewaytoconversion(suchasthetipoftherailandthestockrailtrackseamwithballast,etc.)sothattheswitchcannotbeconvertedtothecloure,shouldensurethatthestationwatchmanmanipulationcanmaketheswitchturnbacktotheoriginalposition.(6)Turnoutconversionshouldbeabletoautomaticallycutoffthestartcircuit.高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电路工作原理2.道岔启动电路的操纵方式对道岔有两种操纵方式，一种是对道岔进行进路方式操纵，另一种是对道岔进行单独操纵。进路方式操纵是指选路过程中使进路内各个道岔的DCJ或FCJ励磁吸起并自闭，利用DCJ或FCJ吸起接通道岔启动电路。道岔单独操纵，指值班员人工直接操纵道岔到定位或反位。3.道岔启动电路的基本原理如图所示为办理由X至ⅠG的接车进路时，从道岔转换到开放信号过程中电路的时序逻辑关系。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple2.ManipulationmethodofturnoutstartcircuitTherearetwowaystomanipulatetheturnout,oneistomanipulatetheturnoutintheapproachway,andtheotheristomanipulatetheturnoutseparately.Intheprocessofroadselection,theDCJorFCJofeachturnoutintheroadismagnetizedandself-closed,andtheDCJorFCJisusedtostarttheturnoutcircuit.Separatemanipulationofturnoutmeansthatthedutyofficerdirectlymanipulatestheturnouttothepositioningorreversepositionmanually.Figure6-1showsthetiminglogicrelationshipofthecircuitintheprocessofswitchingfromtheturnouttoclearingsignalwhenpreparingaroutefromXtoⅠG.高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电路工作原理（三）交流转辙机控制电路1.为满足列车提速后对行车安全的要求，在车站正线改换为提速道岔后，道岔转换采用ZDJ9型交流电动转辙机或ZYJ7型电动液压转辙机。这些设备有以下共同特点：（1）道岔机械锁闭采用外锁闭装置。（2）尖轨分动。两根尖轨由连动改为分动，减少了转换力。（3）尖轨和可动心轨采用多点牵引，可实现全程密贴和全程夹物检查，确保了行车安全。（4）以三相交流电动机作为动力，控制电路原理基本相同。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple3.Acswitchmachinecontrolcircuit1.Inordertomeettherequirementsoftrainsafetyafterthespeedincrease,afterthestationmainlineischangedtospeedincreaseturnouts,theturnoutsareconvertedbyZDJ9ACelectricswitchmachineorZYJ7electrichydraulicswitchmachine.Theequipmenthavethefollowingcommonfeatures.(1)Externallockingdeviceisusedforturnoutmechanicallocking.(2)Tonguerailsplitting.Thetwotonguerailsarechangedfromlinkedtosplit,reducingtheconversionforce.(3)Thetonguerailandmovablefrograilusingmulti-pointtractioncanrealizethewholecloseandthewholeclipcheck,toensurethesafetyoftraffic.(4)Three-phaseACmotorisusedforpowersupply,andthecontrolcircuitprincipleisbasicallythesame.高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电路工作原理2.道岔断相保护器交流转辙机采用三相交流电源，供电电压为380V。为防止在三相交流电源断相情况下烧坏电动机，在交流转辙机控制电路中设有道岔断相保护器DBQ，道岔断相保护器电路如图所示。DBQ由3个电流互感器、桥式整流器和保护继电器BHJ3部分组成。3个电流互感器的一次侧线圈分别串联在三相交流电路中，二次侧线圈首尾相连，经桥式整流后，输出端接保护继电器BHJ。道岔断相保护器电路图一相断电时DBQ示意图改进型DBQ电路ZBHJ电路High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple2.PhasebreakprotectorofturnoutTheACswitchmachineadoptsthree-phaseACpowersupplywith380V.Inordertopreventthemotorfromburningoutincaseofthree-phaseACpowerfailure,thecontrolcircuitoftheACswitchmachineisequippedwithaturnoutphase-breakingprotectorDBQ,andthecircuitoftheturnoutphase-breakingprotectorisshowninFigure6-62.DBQconsistsofthreecurrenttransformers,bridgerectifierandprotectionrelayBHJ.Theprimarysidecoilsofthethreecurrenttransformersareconnectedinseriesinthethree-phaseACcircuit,andthesecondarysidecoilsareconnectedatthebeginningandend,andtheoutputisconnectedtotheprotectionrelayBHJafterthebridgerectifier.circuitdiagramofturnoutphasebreakprotectorSchematicdiagramofDBQincaseofpowerfailureofonephaseModifiedDBQcircuitZBHJCircuit高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电路工作原理3.ZDJ9型交流转辙机道岔控制电路如图所示为ZDJ9型交流转辙机道岔控制电路，采用钩式外锁闭装置，不带密贴检查器。ZDJ9型交流转辙机道岔启动电路包括：1DQJ励磁电路、1DQJF励磁电路、2DQJ转极电路和电机电路。（1）ZDJ9型交流转辙机道岔启动电路当进路方式操纵道岔由定位向反位转换时，使1DQJ经3—4线圈励磁吸起，其电路为：KZ—CA61—63—SJ81—82—1DQJ3—4—2DQJ141—142—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KF1DQJ吸起后，1DQJF随之吸起，其电路为：KZ—1DQJF1—4—TJ33—31—1DQJ32—31—KF1DQJF吸起后接通2DQJ转极电路，其电路为：KZ—1DQJF31—32—2DQJ2—1—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KFHigh-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple3.ZDJ9ACswitchmachineturnoutcontrolcircuitFigure6-10showsthecontrolcircuitofZDJ9ACswitchmachineturnout,whichadoptshooktypeexternallockingdevicewithoutclose-fittingchecker.ThestartingcircuitofZDJ9ACswitchmachineturnoutincludes:1DQJenergizedcircuit,1DQJFenergizedcircuit,2DQJturningpolecircuitandmotorcircuit.(1)ZDJ9typeACswitchmachineturnoutstartingcircuitWhentheapproachroutemanipulatestheturnoutfrompositioningtoreversingposition,itmakes1DQJexciteandsuckupby3-4coils,andthecircuitisKZ—CA61—63—SJ81—82—1DQJ3—4—2DQJ141—142—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KFAfter1DQJisenergized,1DQJFisthenenergized,andthecircuitisKZ—1DQJF1—4—TJ33—31—1DQJ32—31—KF1DQJFsucksupandturnsonthe2DQJtranspolarcircuit,thecircuitisKZ—1DQJF31—32—2DQJ2—1—AJ11—13—FCJ61—62—KF高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电路工作原理（2）ZDJ9型交流转辙机道岔表示电路交流转辙机道岔表示电路用道岔表示继电器线圈与半波整流二极管并联的方式构成。定位表示时，DBJ励磁电路在电源负半周接通。正半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—1DQJF13—11—2DQJ111—112—转辙机接点33-34—转辙机接点15-16—二极管Z2—1—R2—转辙机接点36-35—绕组B—绕组A—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。负半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—DBJ4—1—转辙机接点11-12—绕组C—绕组A—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。反位表示时，FBJ励磁电路在电源正半周时接通。正半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—FBJ1—4—转辙机接点41-42—电动机绕组C—电动机绕组A—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。负半周：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—1DQJF23—21—2DQJ121—123—转辙机接点23-24—转辙机接点45-46—R2—二极管Z1—2—转辙机接点26-25—电动机绕组B—电动机绕组A—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple(2)ZDJ9typeACswitchmachineturnoutindicatingcircuit

ACswitchmachineturnoutindicatingcircuitiscomposedofturnoutindicatingrelaycoilandhalf-waverectifierdiodeinparallel.TheDBJenergizedcircuitisswitchedoninthenegativehalfofthepowersupplywhenthepositioningisindicated.positivehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—1DQJF13—11—2DQJ111—112—switchcircuitcontrol33-34—switchcircuitcontrol15-16—DiodeZ2—1—R2—switchcircuitcontrol36-35—motorBwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。Negativehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—132—DBJ4—1—switchcircuitcontrol11-12—motorCwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDⅡ—4。Whentheinversepositionisindicated,theFBJenergizedcircuitisturnedonwhenthepowerisinthepositivehalf-cycleofthepowersupply.positivehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—FBJ1—4—switchcircuitcontrol41-42—motorCwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。Negativehalfcycle：BDⅡ—3—R1—1DQJ23—21—2DQJ131—133—1DQJF23—21—2DQJ121—123—switchcircuitcontrol23-24—switchcircuitcontrol45-46—R2—DiodeZ1—2—switchcircuitcontrol26-25—motorBwinding—motorAwinding—1DQJ11—13—BDII—4。高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电路工作原理ZDJ9型交流转辙机控制电路High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrincipleControlCircuitofZDJ9ACSwitchMachine高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电路工作原理4.ZYJ7型电液转辙机道岔控制电路ZYJ7型电液转辙机控制电路，室内电路与ZDJ9型交流电动转辙机相同，室外电路略有差别。如图是定位时1、3排接点闭合，若定位时2、4排接点闭合，则只室内电路需将X2与X3，X4与X5互换，二极管极性互换即可。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrinciple4.ZYJ7typeelectro-hydraulicswitch

machineturnoutcontrolcircuitTheindoorcircuitofZYJ7typeelectro-hydraulicswitchmachineisthesameastheindoorcircuitofZDJ9typeACelectricswitchmachine,andtheoutdoorcircuitisslightlydifferent.Figure6-11showsthatthecontactpointsofrows1and3areclosedwhenpositioning,ifthecontactpointsofrows2and4areclosedwhenpositioning,itisonlynecessarytointerchangeX2andX3,X4andX5,andinterchangethediodepolarity.高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电路工作原理客运专线车站道岔控制电路：（1）尖轨用道岔控制电路客运专线车站道岔可采用ZDJ9型电动转辙机，也可采用ZYJ7型电液转辙机，其道岔控制电路的原理与前面的提速道岔控制电路基本相同。（2）心轨用控制电路可动心轨控制电路根据道岔要求设置3个牵引点，其动作原理和控制电路与尖轨相同。（3）表示继电器电路表示继电器每个牵引点各设置1台DBJ和FBJ，再设置1套总表示继电器，当各个牵引点的表示继电器全部吸起后，通过各个牵引点表示继电器前接点串联给主组合中的总的道岔表示继电器DBJ和FBJ。（4）道岔同步保护电路道岔同步保护电路尖轨和心轨各设1套，尖轨用1QDJ和lZBHJ，心轨用2QDJI和2ZBHJ。High-SpeedRailwayTurnoutRuttingEquipmentMechanical,CircuitWorkingPrincipleStationturnoutcontrolcircuitofpassengerdedicat