江苏专版2025版高考英语大二轮复习专题3阅读理解第三节词句猜测题二代词指代题学案牛津译林版

PAGEPAGE1二、代词指代题(2024·全国Ⅱ，A)MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl’swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matilda’sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfunnyandfrightening，butthey’realsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt’sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister，Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFlynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn’twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid，butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There’stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It’sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat’sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld’spopulation，abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了JoUsmar最喜爱的四本书。)21.Whodoes“I”refertointhetext?A.StephenKing. B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar. D.RoaldDahl.答案C解析代词指代题。由标题MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段内容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻进行写作的。故选C。22.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda.C.AfterDark. D.TheStand.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据AfterDark部分中的第一句“It’sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.”可知答案为C。23.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?A.Afolktale. B.Abiography.C.Alovestory. D.Ahorrorstory.答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据GoneGirl部分中的“...thehorrorstoryisbrilliant.”可知答案为D。一、题型解读代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换常见的语境中，考生应依据语境推断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph...refersto“”.二、解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词恒久出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。其次步：熟识代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一样。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题感悟】中第21题。由标题MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段内容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻进行写作的。故C选项正确。A(2024·南通高三检测)TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWindisaninspirationaltrue-storyfilmbasedonamemoir—an9accountoftheauthor’spersonalexperiences—bytheMalawianengineerWilliamKamkwamba.Asateenager，Kamkwambabuiltawindturbineforhisfamine-strickentowninMalawi，helpingtopowersmallappliancesand6eventuallyirrigatecrops.11Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描绘)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguagesthattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldescriptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries.Thisapproachiswhatmakesthemovie，muchmoreattractivethanothersuchdocu-dramas.ChiwetelEjiofor，anEnglishactor，ismakinghis7featureappearanceasawriteranddirectortodrawattentiontoKamkwamba’sstory—buthe’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylifeandthedangersoffarmingintheearly2000sMalawi.Famineisn’tjustathingthathappenstotheKamkwambas.It’stheresultofaseriesofunpredictable8catastrophesthattrickledowntothissmallvillageandleaveitspeoplestrugglingtogrowandsellfood.Byexaminingthemanystructuralreasonsforthetown’scrisis，EjioformakesKamkwamba’sachievementfeelbetter-earnedfromanarrative(叙述的)perspective.TheKamkwambasarenotlackinginfood，atfirst，thoughtheydoliveharvesttoharvest.Soon，aseriesofdramaticfloods，combinedwithgovernmentunrest(动荡)，beginstotakeatollon(haveabadeffecton)theirlife.Throughitall，Williamshowshisgiftforinvention，takingapartwhatevermachineshecangethishandsonandfiguringouthowtheywork.Inonecrucial(andcleverlywritten)scene，somelocalteenagersbegWilliamtofixtheirradiosothattheycanlistentoasoccergame，andhedoes，makinguseofabatteryfromseveraldrainedpowercells.Astheradiojoltstolife，itdeliversanewsreportofplaneshittingbuildingsintheU.S.，whichservesasthefirstrealacknowledgmentofthefilm’sexacttimeperiod.Theuninterestedteensimmediatelyswitchovertothegame，butEjioforincludedthatdetailforareason.ThoughMalawiisontheothersideoftheworldfromtheU.S.，andtheKamkwambas’villageisfarfromthecountry’sbiggestcity，thenegativeeffectsof9/11arefelteventhere—unsettlingthegovernmentandsettingoffachainreactionthatquicklyturnsthingsterrible.MomentsliketheseaffirmEjiofor’sparticularskillforstorytelling.ToWilliamandhisyoungfriends，theeventbarelyregisters，butitstillhashugeconsequencesfortheirlives.Thelatterhalfofthefilmistoughergoingthanthelight，community-orientedopening，butit’sanchoredbystrongperformances.Trywell，William’sfather，isn’tabaddad，butashisfamilygetshungrier，hisangertowardhisgovernment，whichwassupposedtohelphimthrive，risestothesurface.AsWilliam’smother，Maǐgaisacalmer，steadierfigure，butherprideisdamaged，too.Shespeaksofneverwantingtobethestereotypical(老套的)family“prayingforrain”，asherancestorsdid，anddespairsasTrywell’sstrategytosavethefarmbecomesalmostexactlythat.Atacertainpoint，Istartedmentallycheckingmywatch—Isn’tittimefortheboytostartharnessingthewind？ButEjiofordoesn’twantWilliam’smassiveachievementtolookeasy.NotonlydoesWilliamneedtogatherthepracticalmaterialsneededforawindmillinanearly1abandonedtown，buthealsohastochallengehisfather’sskepticismandpersuadehimtogiveupthefewpossessionshestillhas，includingabicycle，tocreatesomethingthatappearsimpossible.It’sstriking，anddeeplysad，toconsiderthatsuperficially(表面上)theonlythingkeepingWilliam’stownfromstarvationwasbasicallywindpower.InEjiofor’shands，TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWindbuildsrealismandcontextintobothsidesofthatstoryandmanagestobeawinningadaptationasaresult.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电影《驾驭风的男孩》以其独特的拍摄手法呈现了主子公为一个遭遇饥荒的非洲小镇制造风力涡轮机的真实故事。1.InthefilmTheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWind，aconsiderablepartisabout.A.themiserablelifeinMalawi B.theirrigationofthecropsC.thebuildingoftheturbine D.thetechnologybreakthrough答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描绘)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguages”和其次段中的“buthe’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylifeandthedangersoffarmingintheearly2000sMalawi”可知，这部电影有相当一部分描绘了在马拉维的凄惨生活，故A项正确。2.HowdoesEjioformakeKamkwamba’sachievementmorenoticeable?A.Byshootingthefilmintheformofstory-telling.B.Byanalyzingthereasonsforthevillage’spoverty.C.Bylistingunpredictablecatastrophesattackingthevillage.D.Bystrengtheningthedifficultyingrowingandsellingthefood.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“he’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylife”及“EjioformakesKamkwamba’sachievementfeelbetter-earnedfromanarrative(叙述的)perspective.”可知，Ejiofor的拍摄侧重于Kamkwamba的家庭生活，并且是以叙述的形式使Kamkwamba的成就更突出，即以讲故事的拍摄形式使Kamkwamba的成就更突出，故A项正确。3.WhatisthepurposeofthesceneabouttheradioinParagraph3?A.ToreporttheterroreventintheUS.B.Torevealthesettingofthefilm.C.Tostresstheteens’interestingames.D.Toshowthehero’swillingnessofhelp.答案B解析推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Astheradiojoltstolife，itdeliversanewsreportofplaneshittingbuildingsintheU.S.，whichservesasthefirstrealacknowledgmentofthefilm’sexacttimeperiod.”可知，文章提到收音机场景是为了揭示电影的背景，故B项正确。4.Theunderlinedword“that”inParagraph4refersto.A.Maǐga’spride B.Trywell’sangerC.thefamilyprayingforrain D.thedespairofsavingthefarm答案C解析代词指代题。依据画线词前的内容可知，她从来都不想像她的祖先那样成为老套的“求雨”家庭，而当Trywell挽救农场的策略几乎变成那样的时候她感到了无望，由此可知，that指的就是前面的prayingforrain，故C项正确。5.ThesceneofWilliamharnessingthewindappearsquitelateinthefilmsoasto.A.buildrealismandcontextintobothsidesofthestoryB.underlinethelocalpeople’ssufferingfromstarvationC.showhisfather’sskepticismandreluctancetohelphimD.impressonviewersthedifficultyofmakingthemachine答案D解析推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“ButEjiofordoesn’twantWilliam’smassiveachievementtolookeasy.”可知，Ejiofor不想让William的宏大成就看起来那么简单，即想要突出主子公的不简单，故D项正确。6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AWindTurbineInventedbyaMalawianEngineerB.AnInspirationalTrue-storyAdaptedintoaFilmC.TheKamkwambaFamilyandTheirLifeinMalawiD.ATrueWinner—TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWind答案D解析标题归纳题。依据第一段前两句可知，本文介绍了电影《驾驭风的男孩》以其独特的拍摄手法呈现了主子公为一个遭遇饥荒的非洲小镇制造风力涡轮机的真实故事，他是真正的赢家，故D项正确。B(2024·南京、盐城高三一模)Howwouldyoudescribeyourstyle？Formal？Classical？Casual？Smart？Firstofall，whatisstyle？Let’shearafewwordsofwisdomfromthewise.“Styleisknowingwhoyouareandwhatyouwanttosay，”(GoreVidal)；“Styleisanexpressionof2individualismmixedwithcharm，”(JohnFairchild)；“Styleistheperfectionofapointofview，”(RobertEberhart)；“Styleisasimplewayofsayingcomplicatedthings，”(JeanCocteau)；“Styleisthedressofthoughts，”(LordChesterfield).So，nowyouknowwhatstyleis，you’llneedtobuysomeclothes.Butwhere？IntheUK，youcangetreallycheap，stylish，second-handclothesat3charityshops.They’regreatifyouwantexclusivelabelsbutdon’twanttopaytheprice.Theonlydifficultyisdiscoveringwherethereallygood4bargainsare.Butdon’tworry，LeilaGraycanhelpyouhere.She’stheproudownerofavintageHardyAmiescoat，pickedupatacharityshopfor￡20—agooddealwhenyourealizeitcostmorethan￡800new.“Youhavetogotothericherareasofacity，”shesays.“That’swhereallthelabelsare.Itcantakeabitofhuntingaround，butthatishalfthefun，andthere’salotofburiedtreasurejustwaitingtobediscovered.”So，nowyouknowwheretobuyyournew，stylishclothes，howdoyouacquireyourstyle？Expertssaythatmixingandmatchingfromcharityshopscanhelpyoufindyourownstyle—somethingthat’sreallyyou.That’swhatScottishmusicianMomusdid.“Myfashion10tipisthis，”hesays，“Lookatyourselfwiththeeyeofagraphicdesigner.Ifyoucan’tbeattractive，aimfor‘interesting’or‘original’.”Momus’uniquestylecouldevenmakehimhappier，too.AspsychologistMarilynEliasexplains，thehappiestpeople“judgethemselvesbytheirownyardsticks，neveragainstwhatothersdoorhave”.ShoichiAoki，thefounderofJapanesestreetstylemagazineFRUiTS，agrees.“12Ithinkrealfashioniswhatpeoplewearonthestreets，theclothesthattheywear，thewaythattheywearthem，”hesays.“Whatyouseeinfashionmagazinesandonmodelshasbeenstyledandit’smorecommercial.”HesaysthathisinspirationforFRUiTScamefrompeople5combiningtraditionalJapaneseclothingsuchasthekimonoand“geta”(Japanesewoodenclogs)withWesternfashion.“Thisreallycaughtmyeye，”Aokiadds.Thesestylesmayseemwild，butAoki’sideaisnot：bebold，becreativeandfindsomethingthatsuitsyou.7.Whatshouldyoufirstdotochoosethestylethatbestsuitsyou?A.Followtheimagesofthewisepeople.B.Goforwhateverisfashionable.C.Simplifycomplicatedexpressions.D.Figureoutwhatatruestyleis.答案D解析推理推断题。由第一段中“Howwouldyoudescribeyourstyle？Formal？Classical？Casual？Smart？Firstofall，whatisstyle？”提出的设问可知，要选择适合自己的风格，首先要弄明白原委什么是真正的“style”，故选D。8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Gettingclothesofleadingbrands.B.Buyingclothesatratherlowprices.C.Searchingforreallygoodbargains.D.Startingacharityshopsellingclothes.答案C解析代词指代题。that通常指代上文提到的事物，依据其次段中的“IntheUK，youcangetreallycheap，stylish，second-handclothesatcharityshops.They’regreatifyouwantexclusivelabelsbutdon’twanttopaytheprice.”及画线词前的“Itcantakeabitofhuntingaround”可知，that指代上文中的“找寻真正物美价廉的商品”。故选C。9.WhatisthefocusofShoichiAokiandhismagazineFRUiTS?Amercializationoffashionmagazines.B.Expressionofsomethingpersonalandcreative.C.Designingfashionablewearformeninthestreet.D.PromotingJapanesetraditionalclothingworldwide.答案B解析推理推断题。依据倒数其次段中的“HesaysthathisinspirationforFRUiTS...Thesestylesmayseemwild，butAoki’sideaisnot：bebold，becreativeandfindsomethingthatsuitsyou.”可知，答案为B。10.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoFindtheStyleThatSuitsYouB.WheretoPickUpaBargainC.WhattoWeartoDevelopYourStyleD.WhomtoModeltoBePopular答案A解析标题归纳题。本文从设问“你怎样描述你的风格？”和“首先，什么是风格？”起先，探讨了如何找到适合自己的风格，故选A。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并依据句意揣测画线部分的意思1.Rescuersabandonedallhopeoffindinganymoresurvivors.放弃2.Inthecontemporarywesternworld，rapidlychangingstylescatertoadesirefornoveltyandindividualism.特性3.Manycharitiessentmoneytohelpthevictimsofthefamine.慈善机构4.Hemadeabargainwithhiswife，“YoutakecareofthechildrenandI’llcook.”条件，协议5.LikehermotherMarieCurie，Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.兼顾(二)同义词语替换6.Eventually，herownpublishingfirmwassetup.Finally/Atlast/Intheend7.AnimportantfeatureofVanGogh’spaintingsistheirbrightcolours.characteristic/character8.Earlywarningsofrisingwaterlevelspreventedanothermajorcatastrophe.disaster(三)一词多义9.accountv.占……比例；说明……的缘由；是……的缘由n.账目；账户；账号；叙述；报道；描写(1)Theapplicationofnewtechnologiesandwideappealofmoviestarscouldaccountfortheincreaseofthebox-officeincome.v.是……的缘由(2)Itissaidthatbodylanguageaccountsfor55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.v.占……比例(3)Whilethisbooktellsusthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistory；italsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals.n.叙述(4)Hetakescareofthebusinessandhiswifekeepstheaccounts.n.账目(5)Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.n.账户10.tipn.尖端；末梢；小费；建议；忠告；小贴士v.倾斜；倾倒；给……小费(1)Theboattippedtooneside.v.倾斜(2)Shetippedtheporteradollar.v.给……小费(3)Igavesometipsonhisstudies，buthedidn’tfollowthem.n.建议；忠告(4)CapeTownisatthesoutherntipoftheAmericancontinent.n.末端Ⅱ.长难句理解11.Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描绘)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguagesthattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldescriptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句，though引导让步状语从句，thattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldescriptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries是that引导的定语从句。[精致译文]尽管这部电影指向了技术上的突破，但是它的大部分时间都在描绘主子公所在的社区，并避开了很多带有破坏性的语言，这些语言倾向于伴随着对非洲国家的贫困或冲突的流行文化的描述。12.Ithinkrealfashioniswhatpeoplewearonthestreets，theclothesthattheywear，thewaythattheywearthem.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句，Ithink后面跟的是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句；is后有三个并列的表语：what引导表语从句，theclothesthattheywear和thewaythattheywearthem，其中两个that引导的都是定语从句。[精致译文]我认为真正的时尚是街头人们的穿着装扮，是他们所穿的衣服，是他们的穿衣方式。强化练(二十三)Ⅰ.单项填空1.Asforyourabouttheshoes，sir，Iwillspeaktothepersoninchargeandaskhimeithertogiveyouanotherpairortogiveyourmoneyback.Aposition BpromiseCplaint D.concept答案C解析composition作文；compromise妥协；complaint投诉，埋怨；concept概念。句意为：先生，关于您对这双鞋的投诉，我会和负责的人谈谈，让他要么给您另一双鞋，要么给您退钱。complaintabout对……埋怨/投诉，故选C。2.—David，areyoulisteningtome?—Sorry，sir.IofthelectureIattendedyesterday.A.havethought B.wasthinkingC.amthinking D.thought答案B解析句意为：——大卫，你在听我说吗？——对不起，先生。我在想我昨天听的讲座。此处表示刚才正在做某事，所以应当用过去进行时态，故选B。3.ThenewsspreadquicklyallovertheworldMichaelSchumachercametolifeafterhisbeingseriouslyinjured5yearsago.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when答案A解析句意为：迈克尔·舒马赫在5年前受了重伤，他醒悟过来的消息很快传遍了全世界。此处名词news后面是that引导的同位语从句，说明该名词的详细内容，故选A。4.Thenewsurveyshowsthatthenumberofstudentscomputergameshasbeenincreasinginrecentyears.A.accustomedto B.relatedtoC.connectedto D.addictedto答案D解析beaccustomedto习惯于；berelatedto与……有关；beconnectedto与……有联系；beaddictedto对……上瘾。句意为：这项新的调查显示，沉迷于电脑嬉戏的学生人数近年来呈上升趋势。此处为形容词短语作定语。故答案为D。5.—Manyoptimisticteenagersowetheirpersonalitiestotheiroutgoingparents.—Itmakessense.Asweallknow，ahappyparentahappychild.A.makesout B.makesintoC.makesup D.makesfor答案D解析makeout明白，理解；makeinto制成；makeup由……组成，编造；makefor有助于。句意为：——很多乐观的青少年把他们的特性归功于他们外向的父母。——这是有道理的。众所周知，一个欢乐的父母造就一个欢乐的孩子。故选D。6mercialandrecreationalfishingpopulationsizesandalsomadeindividualssmaller，sincebigfishandsmalleronesthrownback.A.decreased；keptB.haddecreased；arekeptC.hasdecreased；keepD.hasdecreased；arekept答案D解析考查时态和语态。因为大的鱼是被渔夫留下来的，所以后一空为被动，故解除A、C项，因为商业性或消遣性的捕鱼发生在过去并对现在的个体和数量造成影响，而非发生在过去的动作“madeindividualssmaller”之前，故用现在完成时，故选D。7.Moreofusareusingheadphonesinnoisierenvironments，wemayturnupthevolumetopotentiallydangerouslevels.A.whenB.whileC.beforeD.where答案D解析考查定语从句。因为后半句是一般现在时，前半句是现在进行时，故解除A、B两项，依据句意“在热闹环境中会提高音量”，不存在先后时间依次，可解除C项，所以后半句只能是个从句来修饰environments，句子成分完整，先行词在从句中作地点状语。故选D。8.—Thereisalwaystemptationtohideawayfromouremotions.—ButI’dratherweawayofbeingmoreoutspoken，morehonest，andtruertoourselves.A.find B.shallfindC.found D.havefound答案C解析考查固定句式。wouldrathersb.didsth.“宁愿某人做某事”，是虚拟语气的固定句型，是对现在的虚拟。假如对过去虚拟则用wouldrathersb.haddonesth.。本题是对现在的虚拟，故选C。9.—Suesleptovernightinfrontofthestadiuminordertogetconcerttickets.—That’swhattheproverb“”means.A.everycloudhasasilverliningB.makehaywhilethesunshinesC.theearlybirdcatchesthewormD.don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyhatch答案C解析考查谚语、俗语。everycloudhasasilverlining守得云开见明月；makehaywhilethesunshines晒草要趁太阳好；theearlybirdcatchestheworm早起的鸟儿有虫吃；don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyhatch不要兴奋得太早。故选C。10.Whilesendingflowersasgifts，wecan’tchooseflowers，becausedifferentflowersmayconveydifferentmeanings.(2024·无锡高三期中)A.arbitrarily B.cautiouslyC.originally D.thoroughly答案A解析考查副词。arbitrarily反复无常地；cautiously谨慎地；originally最初；thoroughly彻底地。句意为：当送花作为礼物时，我们不能随意选择花，因为不同的花可能传达不同的含义。故选A。Ⅱ.阅读理解AHereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI(artificialintelligence)conductedbyseveralscientists：ScientistA：IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayofdevelopingtheAI，thoughIdothinkitwillhappenwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworld’sproblems.However，noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus，ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives，butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.ScientistB：Ihavetoadmitthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Evennow，scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture，theirintelligencemaywelltakeoffanddevelopatanever-increasingspeed.Humanbeingsevolvebiologicallyveryslowlyandwewouldbequicklysubstituted.Intheshortterm，thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.Inthelongterm，machinesmightdecidetheworldwouldbebetterwithouthumans.ScientistC：I’mamemberoftheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.ForgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminatorstampingonhumanskulls(头骨)andthinkofwhat’shappeningrightnow：militarymachineslikedrones，gunturretsandsentryrobotsarealreadybeingusedtokillwithverylittlehumaninput.Thenextstepwillbeautonomous“murderbots”followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbecompletelyunethicalanddangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.eq\x(语篇解读文章介绍了三位科学家关于人工智能的探讨记录。)11.WhatisScientistBworriedabout?A.AItechnologywilldestroytheearth.Bputerscan’tthinkbythemselves.C.Robotswilltaketheplaceofhumans.D.Humanswillbeunhappywithoutmachines.答案C解析推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Intheshortterm，thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”可知，科学家B担忧机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫困和社会动荡。故选C。12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.TheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.B.ThemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminator.C.“Murderbots”can’tdecidebythemselves.D.“Murderbots”willbeagainsthumans’orders.答案D解析代词指代题。依据画线词前一句“Thenextstepwillbeautonomous‘murderbots’followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.”可知，自动“杀人机器人”听从人类的吩咐，但最终杀死谁由他们自己确定。句中this指“杀人机器人不听从人类的吩咐”。故选D。13.WhichstatementisCORRECTaccordingtotherecord?A.ScientistAthinksAItechnologywillneverdevelop.B.TheemploymentwillbeaffectedbyAItechnologyinthefuture.C.“Murderbots”willfollowtheordersoftheirmanufacturersinthewars.D.AllthethreescientistsagreethatAItechnologywillbenefithumanbeings.答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Intheshortterm，thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。也就是说，将来人工智能技术将会影响就业。故选B。14.Whoagree(s)AIhasmorenegativeaspectsthanpositiveaspects?A.ScientistA. B.ScientistB.C.ScientistsB&C. D.ScientistsB&A.答案C解析推理推断题。依据其次段中的“ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能的主动因素比消极因素多。依据第三段中的“...thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”和第四段中的“Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbecompletelyunethicalanddangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能的消极因素比主动因素多。故选C。B(2024·南京三模)Thereareplentyofgoodreasonsforayoungpersontochoosetogotouniversity：intellectualgrowth，careeropportunities，havingfun.Aroundhalfofschool-leaversintherichworldnowdoso，andtheshareisrisinginpoorercountries，too.Governmentsarekeenonhighereducation，seeingitasameanstoincreasesocialmobilityandeconomicgrowth.Buttheytendtooverestimatethebenefitsandignorethecostsofexpandinguniversityeducation.Often，publicmoneyjustfeedsthearmsraceforqualifications.Asmoreyoungpeopleseekdegrees，thereturnsbothtothemandtogovernmentsarelower.Employersdemanddegreesforjobsthatneverrequiredtheminthepastandhavenotbecomemoredemandingsince.Inadesperateattempttostandout，studentsarestudyingevenlonger，anddelayingwork，toobtainmaster’sdegrees.Spendingonuniversitiesisusuallyjustifiedbythe“graduatepremium”—theincreaseinearningsthatgraduatesenjoyovernon-graduates.Theseindividualgains，thethinkinggoes，adduptoaneconomicincreaseforsocietyasawhole.Butthegraduatepremiumisaflawedunitofcalculating.Partoftheusefulnessofadegreeisthatitgivesagraduatejobseekeranadvantageattheexpenseofnon-graduates.Itisalsoasignaltoemployersofgeneralqualities，suchasintelligenceanddiligence，thatsomeonealreadyhasinordertogetintoauniversity.Someprofessionsrequirequalifications.Butadegreeisnotalwaysthebestmeasureoftheskillsandknowledgeneededforajob.Withdegreessocommon，recruitersareusingthemasasimplewaytoevaluateapplicants.Non-graduatesarethusincreasinglylockedoutofnicework.Inanycase，thepremiumcountsonlythewinnersandnotthelosers.Acrosstherichworld，athirdofuniversitystudentsnevergraduate.Itistheweakeststudentswhoaredrawninashighereducationexpandsandwhoaremostlikelytodropout.Theypayfeesandsacrificeearningstostudy，butseelittleincreaseintheirfutureincomes.Whendropoutsareincluded，theexpectedfinancialreturntostartingadegreefortheweakeststudentsshrinkstoalmostnothing.Manyschool-leaversarebeingmisledabouttheprobablevalueofuniversity.Governmentsneedtooffertheyoungawiderrangeofoptionsafterschool.Theyshouldstartbyrethinkingtheirownhiringpractices.Mostinsistondegreesforpublic-sectorjobsthatusedtobedonebynon-graduates，includingnursing，primary-schoolteachingandmanycivil-serviceposts.Instead，theyshouldseekotherwaysfornon-graduatestoprovetheyhavetherightskillsandtogetmoreon-the-jobtraining.School-leaversshouldbegivenawidervarietyofwaystogainjobskillsandtodemonstratetheiremployabilityintheprivatesector.Ifschoolqualificationsweremademorestrict，employerswouldbemorelikelytotrustthemassignalsofability，andlessinsistentondegrees.Universitiesshouldgrantcreditstodropoutsforthepartsofcoursestheyhavecompleted.Theycouldalsoopentheirexamstoanyonewhowantstotakethem，andawarddegreestothosewhosucceed.Suchmeasureswouldbemoreefficientatdevelopingtheskillsthatincreaseproductivityandshouldsavepublicmoney.Topromotesocialmobility，governmentswoulddobettertodirectfundstoearly-schooleducationandtohelpingstudentswhowouldbenefitfromuniversitybutcannotaffordit.Youngpeople，bothrichandpoor，areill-servedbythearmsraceinacademicqualifications，inwhicheachmuststudylongerbecausethatiswhatalltherestaredoing.Itistimetodisarm.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇争论文，主要阐述了“学历军备竞赛”的危害和影响。)15.Howdoestheauthorconsiderhighereducation?A.It’sagoodwaytoraisestudents’socialstatus.B.Itdefinitelybenefitsthedevelopmentofeconomy.C.Itwillamplyrewardindividualsandgovernments.D.It’sawasteofmoneyforsomestudentsandtaxpayers.答案D解析推理推断题。依据其次段最终两句和第五段第四句“Theypayfeesandsacrificeearningstostudy，butseelittleincreaseintheirfutureincomes.”可知，作者认为对于一些学生和纳税人而言，高等教化是在奢侈金钱。16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?A.Degrees.B.Returns.C.Employers.D.Jobs.答案A解析代词指代题。依据画线词所在句可知，在过去，工作不须要学历，故them指代句中提到的degrees。17.Whatistheauthor’spreferredsolutiontotheissue?A.Todecreaseuniversitydropoutrates.B.Toimprovetheteachingqualitiesofuniversities.C.Toopenmorepublic-sectorjobstonon-graduates.D.Toprovideschool-leaverswithproperjobtraining.答案D解析细微环节理解题。依据倒数第三段最终一句“Instead，theyshouldseekotherwaysfornon-graduatestoprovetheyhavetherightskillsandtogetmoreon-the-jobtraining.”可知，作者认为应当为离校生供应适当的在职培训。18.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MeasurestoBoostSocialMobilityB.TimetoEndtheAcademicArmsRaceC.DifficultyinSolvingUnemploymentD.NecessityofChangingHiringPractices答案B解析标题归纳题。依据最终一段最终两句可知，作者认为是时候该结束学历军备竞赛了。故B项“TimetoEndtheAcademicArmsRace”最适合作文章的标题。Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·扬州中学高三质检)PleaseexcusemeifI’malittlesadtoday.Markisleaving，andI’mfeelingkindofsad.He’sbeentheheartandsouloftheofficeforacoupleofyears，19professionalskillswithasweetnature.Andnowhe’smovingontoanexcitingnew20opportunity.Itsoundslikeitcouldbethechanceofalifetime，andwe’resincerely21forhim.Butthatdoesn’tmakeitany22tosaygoodbyetoadearfriendandtrustedcolleague.Ourabilitytocopewith23determineshappinessinlife.Buthowdowedothat？Philosophers’responseshavebeen24.AccordingtotheauthoroftheBiblicalbookofEcclesiastes，comfortcanbefoundin25that“toeverythingthereisaseason，andatimetoeverypurposeunderheaven.”KahlilGibranurgedhislistenersto“lettodayembracethe26withremembrance，andthefuturewithlonging.”Afriendofmineremindshisfellowthat“survivabilitydependsupon27.”Andasurfersummedup28problemsinfourwords：“Gowiththeflow.”Ithinklifeisaseriesof29—bothgoodandbad.Nomatterhowexcellentyourorganizationalskills，therewillalwaysbelife-influencingfactorsoverwhichyouhaveno30.Thetrulysuccessfulpersonis31tomakeadjustmentsifnecessary.Thatmeanswhenthings32thataren’texactlyinyourplan，youworkaroundthem—andthenyoumoveon.Ofcourse，some33alongtheroadoflifeareeasiertotakethanothers.Arained-outpicnic，forexample，iseasierto34thanthesuddendeathofalovedone.Butthe35isthesame.Change，indeed，ispainful，yetever36.Andifmemoryhasitsforceandworth，sohas37.We’regoingtomissMark，butratherthanbelostinthesadnessofourparting，we’llfocusonourhopesfo