专题03动词及动词短语(知识骨架)(原卷版+解析)

专题03动词及动词短语（知识骨架）目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u 1 2模块一：动词的基本形式 2模块二：实义动词词义辨析 3模块三：系动词和助动词的用法 5模块四：情态动词的用法 5模块五：动词短语及拓展 8 13 161．（2022·上海·中考真题）WillAlicetakecharge_______thecomingpaintingexhibition?A．for B．with C．of D．from2．（2022·上海·中考真题）—_______Iuseyourglue?I’mmakingakite.—Noproblem.Hereyouare.A．Should B．Need C．Must D．May3．（2018·上海·中考真题）-MustIdotheprojectonmyown?-No,you____.Youcanworkwithyourclassmates.A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t4．（2019·上海·中考真题）Wecommunicateeachotherinmanyways，suchasbye-mailorbyphone.A．on B．through C．in D．with5．（2019·上海·中考真题）Accordingtotherule，usedbatteriesbedroppedintheredbinforharmfulwastes.A．must B．need C．can D．may6．（2020·上海·中考真题）Accordingtothetrafficlaw，childrenunder12________ridebicyclesontheroad．A．won't B．wouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't7．（2021·上海·中考真题）Yourideaofadayonthebeachsounds________.CanIjoinyou?A．lovely B．softly C．politely D．beautifully8．（2021·上海·中考真题）—________IhavetwoticketsfortheChineseFarmers’PaintingExhibition?—Sorry.Theticketsaresoldout.A．Must B．Need C．Should D．May9．（2017·上海·中考真题）Wewon!

Thehonorbelongsallthemembersofourteam.A．by B．of C．at D．to10．（2016·上海·中考真题）WhenJamesarrivedattherailwaystation,hetriedtolook____aplacetoparkhiscar.A．after B．at C．up D．for模块一：动词的基本形式1.第三人称单数形式的构成①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。②不规则变化have-has。2.现在分词的构成3.过去式和过去分词的构成①规则变化②不规则变化需单独记忆。（九年级课本p184-185）总结：规则动词的变化形式原形第三人称单数过去式及过去分词现在分词一般动词work直接加-s（在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音后读/z/）works直接加-ed（在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读/d/，在t和d后读/id/）worked直接加-ingworking以重读闭音节结尾的动词stop,prefer加-sstops,prefers双写词尾辅音字母再加-edstopped,preferred双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ingstopping,preferring以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词dress,wash,watch,fix加-es（读/iz/，o后的读/z/）dresses,washes,watches,fixes加-eddressed,washed,watched,fixed加-ingdressing,washing,watching,fixing以辅音字母+y结尾的动词study,try变y为i,再加-esstudies,tries变y为i,再加-edstudied,tried加-ingstudying,trying三个ie结尾的动词lie,die,tie加-slies,dies,ties加-dlied,died,tied变ie为y,再加-inglying,dying,tying以不发音字母e结尾close,movecloses,movesclosed,moved去e加-ingclosing,moving注意：过去式及过去分词：stopped,begged,dropped,hugged,planned,shopped,preferred,chatted,regretted,robbed,fitted现在分词：cutting,putting,swimming,beginning,getting,forgetting,hitting,running,sitting,winning,shopping,stopping,dropping,digging,planning,setting,preferring模块二：实义动词词义辨析实义动词是本身有词义，且能独立作谓语的动词。根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。1．及物动词及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子结构完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：①动词＋宾语如：Iboughtsomebooksyesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)loseheart灰心;makefaces做鬼脸;makefriends交朋友②动词＋宾语＋宾补如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.阳光让我们保持温暖。③动词＋双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)如：Mymotherpassedmeanapple.妈妈递给我一个苹果。2．不及物动词①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。如：Healwaysstudieshard.他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。如：Theyleftlastweek.他们上周离开了。(left后无宾语，为不及物动词)TheyliveinasmallhouseinBeijing.他们在北京住在一所小房子里。(live后需介词in才可以接宾语)3有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：Shesingsverywell.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)ShesanganEnglishsongjustnow.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)模块训练二：背诵下列常见的不及物动词只是不及物的：faint,hesitate,lie,occur,pause,rain,remain,sleep,sneeze.

常见的及物，不及物的：

answer,ask,begin,borrow,choose,climb,dance,eat,enter,fail,fill,grow,help,hurry,jump,know,leave,marry,meet,obey,pull,read,see,sell,touch,wash,watch,win,write及物不及物意义变化的lift.升高beat

vi.跳动

vt.

敲、打;

grow

vi.生长

vt.

种植

play

vi.玩耍

vt.

打（牌、球）,演奏

smell

vi.发出（气味）

vt.

嗅

ring

vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话

speak

vi.讲话

vt.

说（语言）

hang

vi.

悬挂

vt.

绞死

operate

vi.动手术

vt.

操作

意义不变的start,

answer,

sing,

close,

consider,

insist,

read,

learn,

prepare,

pay,

hurt,

improve常做不及物动词：live,

go,

work,

listen,

look,

come,

die,

belong,

fall,

exist,

rise,

arrive,

sit,

sail,

hurry,

fail,

succeed.agree...不及物动词

agree,

go,

work,

listen,

look,

come,

die,

belong,

fall,

exist,

rise,

arrive,

sit,

sail,

hurry,

fail,

succeed、

beat、

buy,

catch,

invent,

found,

like,

observe,

offer,

prevent,

promise,

raise,

find,

forget,

receive,

regard,

see,

say,

seat,

supply,

select,

suppose,

show,

make,

take,

tell

模块三：系动词和助动词的用法1．系动词系动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语，称作系表结构。①用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；②用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；③表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；④表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；⑤表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。2．助动词助动词是辅动性动词。本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语，但可以与实义动词连用，共同构成谓语，表示各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有：be:am,is,are,was,were,being,beenhave:has,had,havingdo:does,didwill：wouldshall：should模块四：情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。can(could)原形,过去式用法含义例句can,could表能力(=beableto有时态变化)能,会Hecandance.=Heisabletodance.表请求(一般疑问句)可以Canyouhelpme?=Couldyougivemeahand?(更委婉)表否定推测can’tbe(不可能)Theboycan’tbeTony.Tonyismuchtaller.【注意】could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。may(might)原形,过去式用法含义例句may,might表可能性可能Timmayknowtheway.=MaybeTimknowstheway.表客气请求可以MayIcomein?表祝愿祝Mayyougoodluck.【注意】may的一般疑问句的否定回答用can’t。—Mom,mayIplaycomputergamesnow?—No,youcan’t.Studymustcomefirst.(必须先学习)Must原形,过去式用法含义例句must表命令/义务必须Wemustobeytheschoolrules.表肯定推测一定Hemustbeathomebecausethelightison.must的一般疑问句的否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto没有必要—Mom,mustIwritetomycousintoday?—No,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto.Youmaywriteitonweekends.与同义短语haveto的区别:haveto有时态、人称的变化(hasto/hadto...)must无变化不得不,必须Theboyhadtostayathomealoneyesterday.=Theboymuststayathomealoneyesterday.【注意】①haveto意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。②must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。Youmustn’tplaysocceronthestreet.It’ssodangerous.③表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。Should原形,过去式用法含义例句shall,shouldShallI/we...表请求……好吗?ShallIaskyousomequestions?Let’s的附加反意疑问句是shallwe好吗Let’sgotothepark,shallwe?should/shouldn’t表义务(不)应该Studentsshouldn’thavelonghair.5．其他情态动词原形,过去式用法含义例句will,would表提建议愿意Will/Would/Couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?needneeddo(need是情态动词)需要;需要做……Weneedbuysomeschoolthings.=Weneedtobuysomeschoolthings.needtodo(need是行为动词)needdoing需要被做Thewatchneedsrepairing.(这块手表需要被修。)hadbetterhadbetter(not)do=It’s(not)besttodosth.最好(不)Youhadbetteraskyourteachersforhelp.=It’sbesttoaskyourteachersforhelp.【注意】would作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。情态动词知识常考要点①.“情态动词+havedone(完成时)”意为“原本应该做某事,而实际上没做”。Ifwestartedtwodaysago,weshouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.②.“情态动词+bedoing(进行时)”意为“想必正在;可能正在;应当正在”。It’s12o’clock.Theymustbehavinglunch.(他们一定在吃午饭)③.maybe和maybemaybe=perhaps是副词,maybe在句中作谓语。—WhereisJack?—Hemaybeintheclassroom.ButI’mnotsure.MaybeTomisathomenow.Goandfindhim.模块五：动词短语及拓展同一动词型look短语lookfor寻找；寻求lookafter照顾；照看lookat看……looklike看起来像lookout小心；注意lookover检查lookthrough快速查看；浏览lookupto钦佩；仰慕lookdownupon瞧不起；看低lookforwardto盼望；期待……lookbackat回首(往事)；回忆；回顾lookup(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看come短语comedown下来comeacross(偶然)遇见(或发现)comeback回来；想起来comeon快点儿；加油comefrom来自comebackto回到(主题、想法等)上来comeover过来；顺便来访comeintobeing形成cometrue实现comeupwith想出；提出(主意、答案等)comeout出现；出版comeupto(为攀谈而)走到跟前；走近comein/into进入；进来get短语getaway逃离getup起床；站起getback回来getinto陷入；参与getin进入；到达；收获getawayfrom避免，摆脱；逃离geton上车getoutof离开；从……出来getoff下车getusedto习惯于getout离开，出去getintothehabitof养成……的习惯getover克服getintheway(of)挡……的路；妨碍getto到达geton/alongwith与……和睦相处/关系良好getreadyfor为……做准备give短语giveaway捐赠giveoff发出(光、热等)giveback还给，归还giveout散布；分发givein屈服；让步giveup放弃make短语makesure确信，证实makefunof取笑makeup编造(故事、谎言等)；化妆makefulluseof充分利用makesense有道理；有意义makeupof构成，由……组成put短语putaway放好puton上演；增加(体重)；发胖putdown写下，记下putin安装；把……写进(信函、故事等)putoff推迟putinto投入；投放(资金)putback将……放回putthrough使经受(磨炼、痛苦等)putout熄灭puttogether组装；把……放在一起putup搭建；张贴putupwith容忍；忍受、take短语takeafter与……长得像takecareof照顾takedown拆除；往下拽；记录takepartin参加takein吸收；吸入takepridein以……为傲takeoff起飞；脱掉taketheplaceof代替takeover接收，接管takeout切除；摘除；带走takeup占用，占据；开始从事takeawayfrom从……拿走turn短语turnaround转身；调转方向turnto转向；求助于turnoff关掉turndown拒绝；调低(声音)turnup调高(声音turnback(使)返回；(使)折回turninto变成turnright/left向右/左转turnout结果是turnon接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开turn...over使……翻转同一介词/副词型for短语askfor请求preparefor为……做准备payfor为……付钱standfor代表carefor照顾；关怀thanksfor因……而感谢leavefor动身去waitfor等待up短语cleanup收拾干净；打扫makeup编造；组成，构成；化妆bringup提出，养育，培养pickup搭载；捡起；获得；收拾；接电话cheerup(使)振作起来；(使)高兴起来putup张贴；挂起cutup切碎，剁碎setup建立；设立；开办dressup打扮；乔装打扮showup出现；露面eatup吃光，吃完standup站起来endup最终成为；最后处于stayup不睡觉；熬夜getup起床；起来takeup占据；占去；从事giveup放弃wakeup睡醒；醒来；唤醒lookup查(字典等)；抬头看useup用完；耗尽growup成长，长大about短语talkabout谈论；讨论hearabout听说careabout关心，在意know/learnabout了解comeabout产生；发生thinkabout思考；思索；考虑dreamabout梦想，梦到worryabout担心；烦恼out短语findout发现；找出hangout闲逛blowout熄灭；吹灭leaveout忽略；不提及；不包括breakout(战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发lookout小心，当心bringout使显现，使表现出pointout指出comeout开花；出现，显露；出版runout用完，耗尽cutout切断，删除，停止；裁剪sellout售完，卖光dieout灭绝；消失setout出发；开始eatout出去吃turnout结果是，证明是handout分发workout算出，解决putout扑灭；熄灭at短语aimat瞄准；旨在knockat敲arriveat到达(小地方)pointat指向laughat嘲笑shout/smileat对……大喊/笑lookat看着throwat投向，掷向away短语blowaway吹走，驱散putaway将……收起来；攒钱giveaway赠送；捐赠；泄露runaway跑开，逃跑；失控moveaway搬走throwaway扔掉；抛弃passaway去世takeaway带走，拿走back短语bringback带回；恢复；使想起；归还payback偿还(借款等)comeback回来；回想起；再度流行talkback回嘴，顶嘴goback回去call(sb.)back(给某人)回电话giveback归还down短语breakdown损坏；分解；抛锚；停止运转，出故障lookdown俯视calmdown平静/镇静下来godown下降cutdown砍倒；削减sitdown坐下putdown放下slowdown减速diedown逐渐变弱；逐渐消失pulldown拆下，摧毁；推倒falldown突然倒下；倒塌；摔倒turndown调低，关小；拒绝liedown躺下writedown写下，记录下letdown使失望off短语breakoff中止，弄断sendoff发出，寄出cleanoff把……擦掉setoff出发，动身cutoff切除；剪掉；切断(水源、电源等)showoff炫耀falloff跌落；从……掉下来shutoff关闭；停止运转getoff下车，下班takeoff起飞；脱下；摘掉；离开giveoff发出，放出(光、热等)turnoff关掉(水、电、电视、收音机等)payoff偿清(欠款等)；成功kicksb.off开除某人putoff推迟seesb.off为某人送行on短语callon号召；拜访holdon等一等(别挂电话)；坚持carryon继续live/feedon以……为食；靠……为生comeon快点儿；加油；来吧puton穿上；上演；增加体重，发胖dependon取决于；依靠，依赖tryon试穿goon继续，发生turnon打开geton上车；进展；应付；对付over短语comeover过来；顺便来访hangover悬挂fallover绊倒lookover(仔细)检查getover克服；恢复；原谅thinkover仔细考虑goover复习，重温with短语(dis)agreewith(不)同意endwith以……结束begin/startwith以……开始playwith和……玩communicatewith与……交流sharewith和……分享comparewith与……作比较catchupwith赶上；超过connectwith与……相连comeupwith想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)dealwith解决，处理fallinlovewith喜欢上，和……相爱11．（23-24九年级上·上海金山·期末）I’mafraidourproject________befinishedontimewithoutyourhelp.A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t12．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Thisbook________beJack’s.Look,hisnameisonit.A．can B．may C．need D．must13．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Withfamilydoctors,patientsofallages________receivebasichealthcareathome.A．should B．need C．must D．can14．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）—Excuseme,________Itakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?—Sorry,youcan’t.Justhere,please.A．would B．may C．must D．should15．（23-24九年级下·上海青浦·阶段练习）ThefreeWi-Fiserviceinthatrestaurantenablesthecustomers________themealandfunofgoingonlineatthesametime.A．enjoy B．toenjoy C．enjoying D．enjoyed16．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）Mynephewpracticed________thesaxophoneduringthesummerholidays.A．play B．played C．playing D．toplay17．（23-24九年级上·上海虹口·期末）We________respectthelocalcultureandcustomswhentravellingabroad.A．can B．need C．must D．may18．（23-24九年级上·上海闵行·期末）“I’mafraidourmanagerisverybusytoday.He_______seeyounow.”saidthesecretary.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t19．（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）Underthenewrules,electricbikeriders________turnontheirlightsatnight.A．can B．may C．must D．need20．（2024·上海宝山·一模）We________knowsomethingabouttheYouthProtectionLawsothatwecanprotectourselves.A．can B．would C．may D．should21．（2024·上海宝山·一模）Thetrafficissoheavyintherushhour.You’dbetter________theroadconditionsaheadoftime.A．check B．tocheck C．checked D．checking22．（2024·上海宝山·一模）Johnisnotagoodteamplayer.Herarelysharesopinionswithhisteammates,________he?A．is B．isn’t C．does D．doesn’t23．（2024·上海松江·一模）Don’tstayclosetothepeoplewithflu.You________getsick.A．may B．need C．should D．must24．（2024·上海崇明·一模）________Iborrowyourdictionary?Iforgottobringminetoschooltoday.A．Can B．Must C．Should D．Would25．（2024·上海嘉定·一模）Readers________tellwhatthecharactersarelikejustfromlookingattheminacomicstrip.A．must B．need C．should D．can26．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）You_________worryabouthowtosolvetheproblem.Iwillalwaysbeonyourside.A．maynot B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t27．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Su-tongBridgehasbeenbuiltovertheYangtzeRiver.Sopeople________crosstheriverbyferry.A．notneed B．don’tneed C．needn’t D．needn’tto28．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）It_______chocolateicecream,butitdoesn’t______sweet.A．looks,taste B．lookslike,taste C．looks,tastelike D．lookslike,tastelike29．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Whatweeatandhowwehaveourdietscan________ourhealth.A．affect B．effect C．efficient D．effective30．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）Theworkershardlyhurtthemselvesintheaccident,________?A．dothey B．didthey C．don’tthey D．didn’tthey31．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—_________youpleasepassthedishtome?—Certainly,noproblem.A．Must B．Should C．May D．Would32．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）You________neversucceedwithoutalong-termgoalandenougheffort.A．can B．must C．need D．should33．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）He______astorytoexplainwhyhewasabsent.A．madeout B．madeup C．madefrom D．madeinto34．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Thefactorymanagerexplained__________.A．metheproductionprocessofcars B．tometheproductionprocessofcarsC．howarecarsproduced D．tomeabouttheproductionprocessofcars35．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Theyareverytired.Letthem_______arest.A．stophaving B．tostophaving C．stoptohave D．tostoptohave36．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Fire,I_______togiveyouawish.A．hadrather B．wouldrather C．wouldlike D．hadbetter37．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Moreattentionshouldbepaid________agoodhabbitofreadingeffectively.A．todevelop B．fordeveloping C．todeveloping D．indeveloping38．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Threeyearsago,he________theapartment________1millionyuan.A．paid;for B．bought;for C．spent;buying D．cost;on39．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Aftertheguests________themselves,thehostbeganto________somejokes.A．seating;say B．seated;tell C．seated;say D．seating;tell40．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Mygrandpahasaveryexpensivecarandhealwaysshowsit________.A．for B．with C．off D．around41．（2023·上海闵行·二模）Mygrandmahasaveryexpensivewatchandshealwaysshowsit________.A．for B．with C．off D．around42．（2023·上海静安·二模）Let’sfocus________theworld-famousfilmcenterHollywood.What’syourimpression?A．on B．for C．with D．from43．（2023·上海浦东新·三模）Somedinosaurswereharmless—theylived_________grass.A．with B．at C．on D．by44．（2023·上海杨浦·二模）Tommy,bepolite!Noonelikestobemadefun________.A．with B．of C．from D．at45．（22-23九年级上·上海静安·期末）WhenMr.andMrs.Jonesretire,theywillprobablymovetothecountrysideand________gardeningastheirnewhobby.A．pickup B．putup C．makeup D．takeup46．（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Manypeople________inShanghaiafterspendingseveralyearshere.A．usedtolive B．usedtolivingC．areusedtolive D．areusedtoliving47．（23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）Jennydenied________anythingaboutthemissingpurseyesterdayafternoon.A．know B．toknow C．knowing D．knew48．（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）Benandhisfriendswill________onthelaststageoftheirjourney.A．setoff B．putoff C．keepoff D．takeoff49．（23-24九年级上·上海徐汇·期中）Ifyoudon’twanttomissthebus,we’dbetter________forthebusstoprightnow.A．showoff B．putoff C．setoff D．turnoff50．（23-24九年级上·上海静安·期中）Mygrandpa________drivinglessonsinhissixties.HeisreadytodrivearoundChina.A．stayedup B．tookup C．gaveup D．wokeup51．（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）You’dbetterdoyourbest________latenexttime.Youcanleaveabitearlier.A．tobenot B．don’tbe C．nottobe D．benot52．（22-23九年级上·上海普陀·期末）Itissaidthatthefinalexamwillbe________tillnexttermbecauseoftheCOVID-19pandemic.A．takenoff B．setoff C．putoff D．keptoff53．（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）David________beathome,fornooneanswersthephone.A．must B．mustn’t C．can D．can’t54．（23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）We________hurryallthewaytotheairport.Theflightwascancelledbecauseofthefoggyweather.A．mustn’t B．couldn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t55．（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Couldyoutellme________?A．whereisthenearestsupermarketB．wherethenearestsupermarketisC．wherewasthenearestsupermarketD．wherethenearestsupermarketwas56．（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）Iheardyoulaughinginthemeetingroom.You________beveryhappy.A．can B．should C．need D．must57．（23-24九年级上·上海普陀·期中）Itisarulethatvisitors____________touchthepaintingsattheexhibition.A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．maynot D．wouldn’t58．（23-24九年级上·上海徐汇·期中）Mathsisn’tverydifficult.You________beafraidofit.Youcancomeandaskforhelp.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．wouldn’t D．needn’t59．（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Thedumplingstheyofferedustasted________.Weallwantedtohavesomemore.A．delicious B．awful C．well D．wonderfully60．（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Youlookedverytiredtoday.You________finishtheworkrightnow.Leaveitfortomorrow.A．don’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t61．（22-23九年级上·上海普陀·期末）Communicatingwithdifferentpeople________helpchildrenlearntogetalongwithothers.A．should B．need C．can D．must62．（22-23九年级下·上海闵行·期中）Theplanforthe14thbirthdaycelebrationinthehallsounds________.A．greatly B．wonderfully C．kindly D．lovely63．（22-23九年级下·上海闵行·期中）Peopleintheclosedareas(封控区)________getoutoftheirhousesexceptforemergency.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．oughtn’t64．（22-23九年级下·上海闵行·期中）They________helpthen.Theymanagedtodoitbythemselves.A．didn’tneedany B．didn’tneedtoC．needn’tany D．didn’tneedtoany65．（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末）You________takeanumbrella.Theweatherreportsaysitmightrainintheevening.A．must B．hadbetter C．need D．may66．（23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期末）Ifyouarenotsureofthequality,you________checkthefeedbackonline.A．can B．will C．must D．need67．（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期末）Lookatthetrafficjam!We________belateforthemeeting.A．oughtto B．can C．must D．should68．（23-24九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）IwillspendasmuchtimeasIcan_________thelesson.A．goover B．togoover C．goingover D．goneover69．（22-23九年级上·上海普陀·期末）Mr.Smith,attheageof30,________ahousehereallyliked________just150thousanddollars.A．spent;on B．paid;for C．purchased;for D．cost;with70．（22-23九年级上·上海·期末）SendingpeopletoMars______happenifscientistsfindwaystosupplyhumanswithenoughair,waterandfood.A．can B．must C．should D．need专题03动词及动词短语（知识骨架）目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u 1 4模块一：动词的基本形式 4模块二：实义动词词义辨析 5模块三：系动词和助动词的用法 7模块四：情态动词的用法 7模块五：动词短语及拓展 10 15 221．（2022·上海·中考真题）WillAlicetakecharge_______thecomingpaintingexhibition?A．for B．with C．of D．from2．（2022·上海·中考真题）—_______Iuseyourglue?I’mmakingakite.—Noproblem.Hereyouare.A．Should B．Need C．Must D．May3．（2018·上海·中考真题）-MustIdotheprojectonmyown?-No,you____.Youcanworkwithyourclassmates.A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t4．（2019·上海·中考真题）Wecommunicateeachotherinmanyways，suchasbye-mailorbyphone.A．on B．through C．in D．with5．（2019·上海·中考真题）Accordingtotherule，usedbatteriesbedroppedintheredbinforharmfulwastes.A．must B．need C．can D．may6．（2020·上海·中考真题）Accordingtothetrafficlaw，childrenunder12________ridebicyclesontheroad．A．won't B．wouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't7．（2021·上海·中考真题）Yourideaofadayonthebeachsounds________.CanIjoinyou?A．lovely B．softly C．politely D．beautifully8．（2021·上海·中考真题）—________IhavetwoticketsfortheChineseFarmers’PaintingExhibition?—Sorry.Theticketsaresoldout.A．Must B．Need C．Should D．May9．（2017·上海·中考真题）Wewon!

Thehonorbelongsallthemembersofourteam.A．by B．of C．at D．to10．（2016·上海·中考真题）WhenJamesarrivedattherailwaystation,hetriedtolook____aplacetoparkhiscar.A．after B．at C．up D．for参考答案：1．C【详解】句意：爱丽丝会负责即将到来的画展吗？考查动词短语。takechargeof“负责，接管”，固定短语。故选C。2．D【详解】句意：——我可以用你的胶水吗？我在做风筝。——没问题。给你。考查情态动词。Should应该；Need需要；Must必须；May可以。此处表征求他人的同意，应用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。3．A【详解】句意：——我必须自己做这个项目吗？——不，你不需要。你可以和你的同学一起工作。A.needn’t不必；B.can’t不能；C.shouldn’t不应该；D.mustn’t禁止，千万别。以must开头的一般疑问句，以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，而否定回答则用needn’t或don’thaveto，意为“不需要、不必”，而不能用mustn’t，故选A。点睛：must的用法：①表示必须，否定式为mustn’t，意为“禁止”。②以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，而否定回答则用needn’t或don’thaveto，意为“不需要、不必”，而不能用mustn’t。这里要格外注意以情态动词开头的一般疑问句的回答并不一定都是“用什么问用什么答”，有时会有特例，本题便是，不能使用“mustn’t”，如果使用，意思就会变成“禁止”，而非“不需要”。4．D【详解】句意：我们彼此用许多方式交流。比如通过电子邮件或手机。A.on在……上；B.through通过；C.in在……里面；D.with带有，具有。短语communicatewith…表示和……交流。根据题意，故选D。5．A【详解】句意：根据规定，废旧电池必须投到红色垃圾箱中，以防产生有害废物。A.must必须；B.need需要；C.can能，会；D.may可以。根据下文intheredbinforharmfulwastes.可知这里是说必须被丢到红色垃圾箱。根据题意，故选A。6．D【详解】句意：根据交通法，12岁以下的儿童不允许在路上骑自行车．考查情态动词的用法。won't不将会；wouldn't不将会；needn't不必；mustn't不允许。根据childrenunder12"12岁以下的儿童"可知，"不允许"在路上骑自行车。用mustn't。故选D。【点睛】考查情态动词。情态动词在句中不受人称、性别、单复数变化的影响，但是要考虑时态，交际用法等。结合语境，选择正确答案。7．A【详解】句意：你在海滩上度过一天的想法听起来很不错。我能和你一起去吗？考查形容词的用法。lovely可爱的，极好的，形容词；softly轻柔地，副词；politely礼貌地，副词；beautifully美丽地，副词。“sounds”为系动词，后面接形容词构成系表结构。故选A。8．D【详解】句意：——我可以买两张中国农民画展的票吗？——很抱歉，票卖完了。考查情态动词。Must必须；Need需要；Should应该；May可以。根据“IhavetwoticketsfortheChineseFarmers’PaintingExhibition”可知，此处表示请求允许，用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。9．D【详解】句意：我们赢了！荣誉属于我们队的全体队员们。A.by通过，表方式；B.of……的，表属性；C.at在……，表方位；D.to属于。belongto属于，归属，是固定搭配。故选D。10．D【详解】句意：当James来到火车站的时候，他尽力寻找一个地方来停车。考查介词辨析。该空与look组成搭配，lookafter照顾；lookat看……；lookup查找；lookfor寻找。根据句意可知，这里表示“找地方停车”，故选D。模块一：动词的基本形式1.第三人称单数形式的构成①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。②不规则变化have-has。2.现在分词的构成3.过去式和过去分词的构成①规则变化②不规则变化需单独记忆。（九年级课本p184-185）总结：规则动词的变化形式原形第三人称单数过去式及过去分词现在分词一般动词work直接加-s（在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音后读/z/）works直接加-ed（在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读/d/，在t和d后读/id/）worked直接加-ingworking以重读闭音节结尾的动词stop,prefer加-sstops,prefers双写词尾辅音字母再加-edstopped,preferred双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ingstopping,preferring以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词dress,wash,watch,fix加-es（读/iz/，o后的读/z/）dresses,washes,watches,fixes加-eddressed,washed,watched,fixed加-ingdressing,washing,watching,fixing以辅音字母+y结尾的动词study,try变y为i,再加-esstudies,tries变y为i,再加-edstudied,tried加-ingstudying,trying三个ie结尾的动词lie,die,tie加-slies,dies,ties加-dlied,died,tied变ie为y,再加-inglying,dying,tying以不发音字母e结尾close,movecloses,movesclosed,moved去e加-ingclosing,moving注意：过去式及过去分词：stopped,begged,dropped,hugged,planned,shopped,preferred,chatted,regretted,robbed,fitted现在分词：cutting,putting,swimming,beginning,getting,forgetting,hitting,running,sitting,winning,shopping,stopping,dropping,digging,planning,setting,preferring模块二：实义动词词义辨析实义动词是本身有词义，且能独立作谓语的动词。根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。1．及物动词及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子结构完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：①动词＋宾语如：Iboughtsomebooksyesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)loseheart灰心;makefaces做鬼脸;makefriends交朋友②动词＋宾语＋宾补如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.阳光让我们保持温暖。③动词＋双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)如：Mymotherpassedmeanapple.妈妈递给我一个苹果。2．不及物动词①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。如：Healwaysstudieshard.他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。如：Theyleftlastweek.他们上周离开了。(left后无宾语，为不及物动词)TheyliveinasmallhouseinBeijing.他们在北京住在一所小房子里。(live后需介词in才可以接宾语)3有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：Shesingsverywell.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)ShesanganEnglishsongjustnow.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)模块训练二：背诵下列常见的不及物动词只是不及物的：faint,hesitate,lie,occur,pause,rain,remain,sleep,sneeze.

常见的及物，不及物的：

answer,ask,begin,borrow,choose,climb,dance,eat,enter,fail,fill,grow,help,hurry,jump,know,leave,marry,meet,obey,pull,read,see,sell,touch,wash,watch,win,write及物不及物意义变化的lift.升高beat

vi.跳动

vt.

敲、打;

grow

vi.生长

vt.

种植

play

vi.玩耍

vt.

打（牌、球）,演奏

smell

vi.发出（气味）

vt.

嗅

ring

vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话

speak

vi.讲话

vt.

说（语言）

hang

vi.

悬挂

vt.

绞死

operate

vi.动手术

vt.

操作

意义不变的start,

answer,

sing,

close,

consider,

insist,

read,

learn,

prepare,

pay,

hurt,

improve常做不及物动词：live,

go,

work,

listen,

look,

come,

die,

belong,

fall,

exist,

rise,

arrive,

sit,

sail,

hurry,

fail,

succeed.agree...不及物动词

agree,

go,

work,

listen,

look,

come,

die,

belong,

fall,

exist,

rise,

arrive,

sit,

sail,

hurry,

fail,

succeed、

beat、

buy,

catch,

invent,

found,

like,

observe,

offer,

prevent,

promise,

raise,

find,

forget,

receive,

regard,

see,

say,

seat,

supply,

select,

suppose,

show,

make,

take,

tell

模块三：系动词和助动词的用法1．系动词系动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语，称作系表结构。①用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；②用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；③表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；④表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；⑤表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。2．助动词助动词是辅动性动词。本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语，但可以与实义动词连用，共同构成谓语，表示各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有：be:am,is,are,was,were,being,beenhave:has,had,havingdo:does,didwill：wouldshall：should模块四：情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。can(could)原形,过去式用法含义例句can,could表能力(=beableto有时态变化)能,会Hecandance.=Heisabletodance.表请求(一般疑问句)可以Canyouhelpme?=Couldyougivemeahand?(更委婉)表否定推测can’tbe(不可能)Theboycan’tbeTony.Tonyismuchtaller.【注意】could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。may(might)原形,过去式用法含义例句may,might表可能性可能Timmayknowtheway.=MaybeTimknowstheway.表客气请求可以MayIcomein?表祝愿祝Mayyougoodluck.【注意】may的一般疑问句的否定回答用can’t。—Mom,mayIplaycomputergamesnow?—No,youcan’t.Studymustcomefirst.(必须先学习)Must原形,过去式用法含义例句must表命令/义务必须Wemustobeytheschoolrules.表肯定推测一定Hemustbeathomebecausethelightison.must的一般疑问句的否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto没有必要—Mom,mustIwritetomycousintoday?—No,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto.Youmaywriteitonweekends.与同义短语haveto的区别:haveto有时态、人称的变化(hasto/hadto...)must无变化不得不,必须Theboyhadtostayathomealoneyesterday.=Theboymuststayathomealoneyesterday.【注意】①haveto意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。②must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。Youmustn’tplaysocceronthestreet.It’ssodangerous.③表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。Should原形,过去式用法含义例句shall,shouldShallI/we...表请求……好吗?ShallIaskyousomequestions?Let’s的附加反意疑问句是shallwe好吗Let’sgotothepark,shallwe?should/shouldn’t表义务(不)应该Studentsshouldn’thavelonghair.5．其他情态动词原形,过去式用法含义例句will,would表提建议愿意Will/Would/Couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?needneeddo(need是情态动词)需要;需要做……Weneedbuysomeschoolthings.=Weneedtobuysomeschoolthings.needtodo(need是行为动词)needdoing需要被做Thewatchneedsrepairing.(这块手表需要被修。)hadbetterhadbetter(not)do=It’s(not)besttodosth.最好(不)Youhadbetteraskyourteachersforhelp.=It’sbesttoaskyourteachersforhelp.【注意】would作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。情态动词知识常考要点①.“情态动词+havedone(完成时)”意为“原本应该做某事,而实际上没做”。Ifwestartedtwodaysago,weshouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.②.“情态动词+bedoing(进行时)”意为“想必正在;可能正在;应当正在”。It’s12o’clock.Theymustbehavinglunch.(他们一定在吃午饭)③.maybe和maybemaybe=perhaps是副词,maybe在句中作谓语。—WhereisJack?—Hemaybeintheclassroom.ButI’mnotsure.MaybeTomisathomenow.Goandfindhim.模块五：动词短语及拓展同一动词型look短语lookfor寻找；寻求lookafter照顾；照看lookat看……looklike看起来像lookout小心；注意lookover检查lookthrough快速查看；浏览lookupto钦佩；仰慕lookdownupon瞧