专题05单项选择(综合知识全梳理)(原卷版+解析)

专题05单项选择（综合知识全梳理）目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u 1 2·模块一单项主要考查点 2·模块二单项解题思路 31.直接法： 32.关键词法 43.类推法 44.前后照应法 45.排除法 56.交际法 5 6 91．（2022·上海·中考真题）Yoursilkscarfisoverthere.Thisoneis_______.A．I B．me C．my D．mine2．（2022·上海·中考真题）Thisdetectivestoryis_______thantheoneIreadlastnight.A．attractive B．moreattractive C．mostattractive D．themostattractive3．（2022·上海·中考真题）Thenewrestaurant_______twosurveysonitsfoodandservicesinceJune.A．isdoing B．willdo C．did D．hasdone4．（2022·上海·中考真题）—_______Iuseyourglue?I’mmakingakite.—Noproblem.Hereyouare.A．Should B．Need C．Must D．May5．（2022·上海·中考真题）ThethreeChineseastronauts_______safelyfromspaceonApril16,2022.A．returned B．arereturning C．havereturned D．hadreturned6．（2022·上海·中考真题）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhours_______volleyballeveryday.A．practise B．practising C．topractise D．practised7．（2022·上海·中考真题）TheInternetenablesfarmers_______fruitsandvegetablesacrossthecountry.A．sell B．selling C．tosell D．sold8．（2022·上海·中考真题）Makesure_______hasthetextbookswhenthenewtermstarts.A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody D．everybody9．（2021·上海·中考真题）Weshouldlookforwardtothefuture,________neverforgetthepast.A．or B．so C．but D．for10．（2021·上海·中考真题）Theamusementparkhasreceivedmanyvisitors,________?A．hasit B．hasn’tit C．doesit D．doesn’tit11．（2021·上海·中考真题）YuanLongpingisrecognizedasoneof________agriculturalscientistsintheworld.A．great B．greater C．greatest D．thegreatest12．（2021·上海·中考真题）Yourideaofadayonthebeachsounds________.CanIjoinyou?A．lovely B．softly C．politely D．beautifully13．（2021·上海·中考真题）Lastweekend,David________avisittohisgrandparentsinthecountryside.A．pays B．paid C．willpay D．haspaid14．（2021·上海·中考真题）Themanageraskedhissecretary________thereportbeforeFriday.A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．tofinish15．（2021·上海·中考真题）Michaelandhisfriendspractise________tabletennisafterschooleveryday.A．play B．played C．playing D．toplay·模块一单项主要考查点单项选择该题型在上海市的中考题中属于必考题型；它的特点是考点多，覆盖面广，题量大。其主要考查点是：1.考查基本语法;2.考查同义词、近义词的辨析;3考查各种词汇的惯用法和固定搭配;4.考查掌握和运用日常交际用语的能力。所有的知识点都涵盖在预初至初三的教材之中，单项选择共15个小题。·模块二单项解题思路由于单项选择题所考查的范围较广，所以要想做好此类题一要具备扎实的英语基础知识，二要紧扣语境，抓住关键词。具体应注意以下几点：1.复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法。重点要分清现在完成时、一般过去时的用法。对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚。还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。2.在解题方面要突出语境，在语境中选语句和词汇，防止汉语思维的干扰。英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境(即上下文)决定的，答题时如忽视了语境，就很容易答错题。3.在解题时要注意句型结构和语序。要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构，注意宾语从句、感叹句的语序。4.掌握习语和日常交际用语。应掌握大纲词汇、习惯用语。由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同，对于一些日常交际用语应记牢。从近几年来上海的中考试卷分析可以看出，单项选择题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词;时态、语态;词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上在做单项选择题时，同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础知识和善于思考外，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。由于单项选择覆盖面广，其解题思路也多种多样。1.直接法：即直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法，例如：Willyoucometothenetbars(网吧)withme?Sorry.Mymotheralwaystellsme___________there.A.notgoB.goC.nottogoD.togo2.关键词法许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词(keywords)。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口，例如：Hehardlyhurthimselfintheaccident,_______________?A.doesn'theB.didn'theC.didheD.doesheWhatdidyousee,Mary?Isawalotoftreeson______ofthelake.A.eithersideB.allsidesC.bothsidesD.otherside在平时练习中，我们接触的多是下列表达：onbothsidesoftheroad/street/river。但本题中lake无两边之分，只能是“在四周”。所以正确答案是B。本题中lake一词成为关键词。3.类推法如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A对，那么B也对”的类推法，从而可将A、B予以否定，例如：Who'sthemanatthedoor?___________________________.A.HeisadoctorB.HeisafriendofmineC.HeisafamoussingerD.Heistwenty4.前后照应法此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。解题前，透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案，例如：Heisn'tateacher,ishe?__________________.Heworksinahospital.A.Yes,heisB.No,heisn'tC.Yes,Heisn'tD.No,heisIt'sdangeroustoplayhere.Allright.Let'sgoandfinda_______________place.A.quietB.safeC.brightD.dark5.排除法根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验，辨别真伪，例如：Thegirlaskedtheteacher_______________.A.whatdoesthemuseumlookslikeB.whatdidthemuseumlooklikeC.whatthemuseumlookslikeD.whatthemuseumlookedlike6.交际法此方法可用30个交际用语，联系上下文直接解题，例如：Wouldyouliketohaveanothercupoftea?_____________.A.Yes,IdoB.NotalallC.No,thanksD.Helpyourself以上六种方法，大家要在具备扎实的基础知识条件下，灵活运用。同时，我们还要提醒大家注意以下几点：(1)不要受母语思维习惯的影响。学习外语常常会受母语习惯的影响。因此解题时也常会受母语思维模式的影响，例如：______________isthecapitalofAmerica?Washington.A.WhereB.WhatC.InwhereD.Inwhich__________it'sdifficulttolearnEnglishwell,__________youshouldneverdropit.A.Though;butB.Though;×C.Because;soD.Because;×(2)防止定势思维。有些固定搭配或习惯表达法大家掌握较牢靠，但也正是由于受到这些习惯表达的影响，犯一些思维定势的错误，例如：Iwon'tcomeback_____________August5and7.A.untilB.bothC.betweenD.forCanadaislargerthan_____________countryinAsia(亚洲).A.anyotherB.otherC.anyD.allothers(3)防止“鱼目混珠”。有些词由于词性、词义不同，它的用法也不同，应注意辨别，例如：Doyouknowifhe_____________toplaybasketballwithus?Ithinkhewillcomeifhe_______________freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willheHemadefaces_____________thebaby_____________crying.A.tomake;stopB.make;stopC.make;tostopD.tomake;tostop16．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Susanfinallybecameapopularsingeraftershepractised________foryears.A．sing B．singing C．tosing D．sang17．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）Thereisonlyalittle________inthefridge.That’snotenoughforbreakfast.A．cake B．milk C．egg D．vegetable18．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）Someexchangestudents________abouttheirspeechinSingaporethistimeyesterday.A．talk B．aretalking C．weretalking D．havetalked19．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）IwantedtoseetheKunOpera,somydaughteroffered________metowatchanopera.A．totake B．taking C．took D．takes20．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）—Doyouknow________Lisacleansherbedroom?—Perhapseveryday.She’sahardworkinggirl.A．howfast B．howlong C．howsoon D．howoften21．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Trytoavoid_________thatway.Youmighthurtotherpeople.A．speaking B．tospeak C．speak D．spoken22．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Afterthreemonthsonalow-fatdiet,Marylooksmuch________thanbefore.A．thin B．thinner C．thinnest D．thethinnest23．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Improperfoodcandamageyourhair,________.A．sothestressinlifecan B．socanthestressinlifeC．neithercanthestressinlife D．neitherthestressinlifecan24．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）ThelittlechildcanspeakEnglish________hisparentscan’t.A．when B．while C．as D．since25．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Aftertheguests________themselves,thehostbeganto________somejokes.A．seating;say B．seated;tell C．seated;say D．seating;tell26．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Couldyoudome________favorandsendmydaughtertoschooltoday?A．a B．an C．the D．/27．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Therelationshipbetweenthesetwostudentsbecameeven________afterthetalk.A．close B．closer C．closest D．theclosest28．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）IwonderedifJerry________hisparentsabouthisanxietyandworriesofschoollife.A．tells B．istelling C．hastold D．wouldtell29．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）—Mike,didyouenjoyyourstayinNorthEurope?—Ofcourse,mum.Ihad________wonderfultimethere.A．a B．an C．the D．/30．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）Theworkershardlyhurtthemselvesintheaccident,________?A．dothey B．didthey C．don’tthey D．didn’tthey31．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）_________beautifultheflowerslookinfullbloomduringspringtime!A．What B．Whata C．Whatan D．How32．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Abbywaved_________tohermotherwhenhercarapproached.A．excite B．excited C．exciting D．excitedly33．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—_________youpleasepassthedishtome?—Certainly,noproblem.A．Must B．Should C．May D．Would34．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—Wouldyoulikesomemorenoodles,Colin?—Yes,just_________,please.A．afew B．few C．alittle D．little35．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—Whenareyougoingtoseethenewfilm,thisafternoonortonight?—_________isOK.I’mfreetoday.A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All36．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—WhichofthetwoT-shirtswouldyouliketochoose?—Both.ThenIcangiveonetomybrotherandleave_________tomyself.A．another B．theother C．other D．others37．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Besuretofollowthetrafficrulesseriously,________youwillgetintotrouble.A．so B．or C．and D．but38．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）You________neversucceedwithoutalong-termgoalandenougheffort.A．can B．must C．need D．should39．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Thelittlegirlwithcurlyhairlooks________inherpinkskirt.A．honestly B．happily C．lovely D．seriously40．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Later,Ifoundoutthattheyoungmanwasanoldfriendof________.A．me B．my C．myself D．mine41．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Thedetectivecheckedtheroomcarefully,buthedidn’tfind________strange.A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything42．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Itisreportedthatthethirdairport________inShanghaiintwoyears.A．isbuilt B．wasbuilt C．hasbeenbuilt D．willbebuilt43．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）________luckyyouaretohavesuchawarmfamily!A．How B．Howa C．What D．Whata44．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Somescientistssuggest________atanearlyage,butothersdonot.A．write B．towrite C．writing D．towriting45．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Manypeoplefailed________homeintimeforNewYear’sEvedinnerbecauseoftheheavysnow.A．arrive B．arriving C．toarrive D．toarriving46．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Thefilmdirector_______hishead,afterhe_____severalscenes.A．shoke,shot B．shaken,shoot C．shook,shot D．shoke,shoot47．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Theserobotscanalsohelpdoctorsto________patients.A．operate B．beoperated C．operateon D．operateto48．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Braintoldyouthattherewasn’tanyoneintheroomatthattime,_______?A．wasthere B．wasn’tthere C．didn’the D．didhe49．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Oneofhisambitions____aroundtheworld.A．issail B．istosail C．aresailing D．aretosail50．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）_______bythebrillianceofhisspeech,MarydeterminedtopracticespeakingEnglisheverymorning.A．Impressing B．Beimpressed C．Havingimpressed D．Impressed51．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）_______terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!A．How B．What C．Whata D．Howa52．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）_______ofourearthiscoveredwithwater.A．Seven-tenth B．Seventh-tenths C．Seven-tenths D．Seventh-tens53．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Mary’sgrandfather________for2years.A．hasdied B．hasdead C．hasbeendied D．hasbeendead54．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Perhapstherewon’tbe________foreverybodyinthirtyyears’time.A．enoughroom B．enoughrooms C．roomsenough D．roomenough55．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Thelittleboydidn’tknow________.A．whichhatishis B．whichhathisis C．whichhatwashis D．whichhathiswas56．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Thereused_______arestauranthere.A．tobe B．tohave C．tobeing D．tohaving57．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）He’sneverlateforschool,_______he?A．has B．hasn’t C．is D．isn’t58．（23-24九年级下·上海青浦·阶段练习）Inthetalentshow,IpreformedwellandAnndideven________.A．good B．well C．better D．best59．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Moreattentionshouldbepaid________agoodhabbitofreadingeffectively.A．todevelop B．fordeveloping C．todeveloping D．indeveloping60．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Lucyaswellasherbrother________veryhardand________aprizethisyear.A．studies,isawarded B．study,areawarded C．studies,awards D．study,award61．（21-22九年级上·上海浦东新·期末）AtlastEddieadmitted________hisneighbour’shouse,buthedenied________thevase.A．breakinginto;stealing B．breakinginto;tosteal C．tobreakoff;stealing D．tobreakdown;tosteal62．（22-23九年级上·上海徐汇·期中）“WherearetheGreeks?”askedthecaptain.“They________forafewminutes,”answeredtheguard.A．havegone B．havebeenhereC．havebeenaway D．havedisappeared63．（21-22九年级下·上海徐汇·期中）Hespentallhisfreetimehehas________hisclassmates．A．helping B．helped C．tohelp D．help64．（21-22九年级下·上海浦东新·期中）ItwassurprisingthatBill_________alltheemailsonhiscomputerbylunchtimeyesterday.A．hadchecked B．haschecked C．checked D．checks65．（21-22九年级下·上海金山·期中）MissWhite________12differentcountriesbytheendoflastyear.A．hasbeento B．hadbeento C．hasgoneto D．wentto66．（2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测）—Icalledyoulastnightat9:30andIbelievedyou________beathomebecausenooneansweredthephone.—Sorry,I________atthattime.A．mustn’t;wouldhavebeensleeping B．couldn’t;shouldhavesleptC．couldn’t;musthavebeensleeping D．mightnot;needhavebeenslept67．（2023·上海虹口·一模）Thefishermanfound________difficulttocontrolhisraftinsuchbadweather.A．it B．it’s C．its D．/68．（2023·上海金山·二模）Bythetimewegottothestation,thetrain________fortenminutes.A．hasleft B．hasbeenaway C．hadleft D．hadbeenaway69．（2023·上海奉贤·二模）John,aswellashisparents,________proudtosupporthiscommunityduringlastyear’spandemic.A．is B．are C．was D．were70．（23-24九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）Thelittleboy________asleepfortwohours.Hemustbetiredafterplayingforawholeday.A．hasfallen B．wentto C．hasgone D．hasbeen71．（22-23九年级上·上海·期末）SendingpeopletoMars______happenifscientistsfindwaystosupplyhumanswithenoughair,waterandfood.A．can B．must C．should D．need72．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）________thetemperaturefallingsorapidly,wecouldn’tswimintheopenair.A．Since B．With C．As D．For73．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Hesuggested_______therealone.A．shego B．shewent C．hertogo D．shegoing74．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Thegateopenedand________.A．rushedoutagroupofchildren B．cameoutagroupofstudents.C．incameagroupofteachers D．outrushedagroupofpupils75．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Thetransportationwillimprovealotinthenearfuture,withanothertwobridges________overtheHuangpuRiver.A．tobeconstructed B．toconstruct C．beingconstructed D．constructing专题05单项选择（综合知识全梳理）目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u 1 4·模块一单项主要考查点 4·模块二单项解题思路 51.直接法： 52.关键词法 63.类推法 64.前后照应法 65.排除法 76.交际法 7 9 161．（2022·上海·中考真题）Yoursilkscarfisoverthere.Thisoneis_______.A．I B．me C．my D．mine2．（2022·上海·中考真题）Thisdetectivestoryis_______thantheoneIreadlastnight.A．attractive B．moreattractive C．mostattractive D．themostattractive3．（2022·上海·中考真题）Thenewrestaurant_______twosurveysonitsfoodandservicesinceJune.A．isdoing B．willdo C．did D．hasdone4．（2022·上海·中考真题）—_______Iuseyourglue?I’mmakingakite.—Noproblem.Hereyouare.A．Should B．Need C．Must D．May5．（2022·上海·中考真题）ThethreeChineseastronauts_______safelyfromspaceonApril16,2022.A．returned B．arereturning C．havereturned D．hadreturned6．（2022·上海·中考真题）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhours_______volleyballeveryday.A．practise B．practising C．topractise D．practised7．（2022·上海·中考真题）TheInternetenablesfarmers_______fruitsandvegetablesacrossthecountry.A．sell B．selling C．tosell D．sold8．（2022·上海·中考真题）Makesure_______hasthetextbookswhenthenewtermstarts.A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody D．everybody9．（2021·上海·中考真题）Weshouldlookforwardtothefuture,________neverforgetthepast.A．or B．so C．but D．for10．（2021·上海·中考真题）Theamusementparkhasreceivedmanyvisitors,________?A．hasit B．hasn’tit C．doesit D．doesn’tit11．（2021·上海·中考真题）YuanLongpingisrecognizedasoneof________agriculturalscientistsintheworld.A．great B．greater C．greatest D．thegreatest12．（2021·上海·中考真题）Yourideaofadayonthebeachsounds________.CanIjoinyou?A．lovely B．softly C．politely D．beautifully13．（2021·上海·中考真题）Lastweekend,David________avisittohisgrandparentsinthecountryside.A．pays B．paid C．willpay D．haspaid14．（2021·上海·中考真题）Themanageraskedhissecretary________thereportbeforeFriday.A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．tofinish15．（2021·上海·中考真题）Michaelandhisfriendspractise________tabletennisafterschooleveryday.A．play B．played C．playing D．toplay参考答案：1．D【详解】句意：你的丝巾在那边。这是我的。考查代词辨析。I我，人称代词主格；me我，人称代词宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine名词性物主代词。空格后没有名词，此处指这是“我的”丝巾，故用名词性物主代词mine指代。故选D。2．B【详解】句意：这篇侦探小说比我昨晚读的那篇更吸引人。考查比较级。根据“than”可知，此处是比较级，应用形容词attractive的比较级moreattractive。故选B。3．D【详解】句意：自6月份以来，这家新餐厅就其食物和服务进行了两次调查。考查动词时态。根据“sinceJune”可知句子是现在完成时，故选D。4．D【详解】句意：——我可以用你的胶水吗？我在做风筝。——没问题。给你。考查情态动词。Should应该；Need需要；Must必须；May可以。此处表征求他人的同意，应用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。5．A【详解】句意：这三名中国宇航员于2022年4月16日从太空安全返回。考查动词时态。根据“April16,2022”可知，此句用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选A。6．B【详解】句意：这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。考查非谓语动词。spendsometime(in)doingsth.“花费时间做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。故选B。7．C【详解】句意：互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。考查非谓语动词。固定短语enablesbtodosth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。8．D【详解】句意：新学期开始时，要确保每个人都有课本。考查代词辨析。nobody没有人；anybody任何人；somebody某人；everybody每个人。根据“whenthenewtermstarts.”可知，新学期开始要确保每个人都有课本。故选D。9．C【详解】句意：我们应该展望未来，但永远不要忘记过去。考查并列连词。or或者；so因此；but但是；for因为；空格前后是转折关系，应用but连接，故选C。10．B【详解】句意：这家游乐园接待了很多游客，不是吗？考查反意疑问句。根据hasreceived可知，前半句是现在完成时，是肯定句，后半句用否定形式，助动词用hasn’t，故选B。11．D【详解】句意：袁隆平被认为是世界上最伟大的农业科学家之一。考查形容词。great伟大的；greater更伟大的；greatest最伟大的；thegreatest最伟大的。oneofthe+形容词的最高级+复数名词，表示“最……的……之一”，故选D。12．A【详解】句意：你在海滩上度过一天的想法听起来很不错。我能和你一起去吗？考查形容词的用法。lovely可爱的，极好的，形容词；softly轻柔地，副词；politely礼貌地，副词；beautifully美丽地，副词。“sounds”为系动词，后面接形容词构成系表结构。故选A。13．B【详解】句意：上周末，大卫去农村看望了他的祖父母。考查动词时态。根据“Lastweekend”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故选B。14．D【详解】句意：经理要求他的秘书在星期五之前完成报告。考查非谓语动词。finish完成，动词原形；finishes完成，动词第三人称单数；finishing完成，动词现在分词/动名词；tofinish完成，动词不定式。asksb.todosth.表示“要求某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式。故选D。15．C【详解】句意：迈克尔和他的朋友们每天放学后练习打乒乓球。考查非谓语动词。practice/practisedoingsth练习做某事，因此用动名词作宾语，故选C。·模块一单项主要考查点单项选择该题型在上海市的中考题中属于必考题型；它的特点是考点多，覆盖面广，题量大。其主要考查点是：1.考查基本语法;2.考查同义词、近义词的辨析;3考查各种词汇的惯用法和固定搭配;4.考查掌握和运用日常交际用语的能力。所有的知识点都涵盖在预初至初三的教材之中，单项选择共15个小题。·模块二单项解题思路由于单项选择题所考查的范围较广，所以要想做好此类题一要具备扎实的英语基础知识，二要紧扣语境，抓住关键词。具体应注意以下几点：1.复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法。重点要分清现在完成时、一般过去时的用法。对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚。还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。2.在解题方面要突出语境，在语境中选语句和词汇，防止汉语思维的干扰。英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境(即上下文)决定的，答题时如忽视了语境，就很容易答错题。3.在解题时要注意句型结构和语序。要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构，注意宾语从句、感叹句的语序。4.掌握习语和日常交际用语。应掌握大纲词汇、习惯用语。由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同，对于一些日常交际用语应记牢。从近几年来上海的中考试卷分析可以看出，单项选择题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词;时态、语态;词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上在做单项选择题时，同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础知识和善于思考外，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。由于单项选择覆盖面广，其解题思路也多种多样。1.直接法：即直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法，例如：Willyoucometothenetbars(网吧)withme?Sorry.Mymotheralwaystellsme___________there.A.notgoB.goC.nottogoD.togo根据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式，即tellsb.nottodosth.，故此题应选C。2.关键词法许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词(keywords)。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口，例如：Hehardlyhurthimselfintheaccident,_______________?A.doesn'theB.didn'theC.didheD.doeshe该题中hardly与hurt是起关键词作用的。凡陈述部分含有hardly,never,little,few等否定意义的词时，反意疑问句用肯定形式;而hurt一词的过去式与原形相同，此处hurt未加s，应为过去式。因此本题答案C是正确的。Whatdidyousee,Mary?Isawalotoftreeson______ofthelake.A.eithersideB.allsidesC.bothsidesD.otherside在平时练习中，我们接触的多是下列表达：onbothsidesoftheroad/street/river。但本题中lake无两边之分，只能是“在四周”。所以正确答案是B。本题中lake一词成为关键词。3.类推法如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A对，那么B也对”的类推法，从而可将A、B予以否定，例如：Who'sthemanatthedoor?___________________________.A.HeisadoctorB.HeisafriendofmineC.HeisafamoussingerD.Heistwenty仔细分析备选答案就可发现：A、C选项针对的是“职业”。若A是对的，那么C也会是对的。D回答的是年龄。故惟有B才是正确的。4.前后照应法此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。解题前，透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案，例如：Heisn'tateacher,ishe?__________________.Heworksinahospital.A.Yes,heisB.No,heisn'tC.Yes,Heisn'tD.No,heis本题考查否定句的反意疑问句的回答。由后半句的回答，我们知道“他”的身份不是教师;否定反意疑问句回答中的Yes其实际含义为“不”，No的实际含义为“是”。因此应选择的是B。再如：It'sdangeroustoplayhere.Allright.Let'sgoandfinda_______________place.A.quietB.safeC.brightD.dark联系上下文即可弄清语境：既然在这里玩危险，那么就找个安全的地方。此题应选B。5.排除法根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验，辨别真伪，例如：Thegirlaskedtheteacher_______________.A.whatdoesthemuseumlookslikeB.whatdidthemuseumlooklikeC.whatthemuseumlookslikeD.whatthemuseumlookedlike本题主要考查宾语从句中的语序及时态的对应关系。主句动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也应是过去时的某种时态，故A、C被排除。而B中有词序错误，所以D为正确答案。6.交际法此方法可用30个交际用语，联系上下文直接解题，例如：Wouldyouliketohaveanothercupoftea?_____________.A.Yes,IdoB.NotalallC.No,thanksD.Helpyourself本题主要考查简答交际用语的应答。对别人的邀请，如果表示不接受时，应委婉说出，不能断然拒绝。因此，选C是最佳答案。以上六种方法，大家要在具备扎实的基础知识条件下，灵活运用。同时，我们还要提醒大家注意以下几点：(1)不要受母语思维习惯的影响。学习外语常常会受母语习惯的影响。因此解题时也常会受母语思维模式的影响，例如：______________isthecapitalofAmerica?Washington.A.WhereB.WhatC.InwhereD.Inwhich汉语中常可这样发问“美国的首都是哪儿?”所以有人会选A，但英语中where是副词，表示地点。本句是问美国首都是哪个城市，所以正确的选择是B。再如：__________it'sdifficulttolearnEnglishwell,__________youshouldneverdropit.A.Though;butB.Though;×C.Because;soD.Because;×汉语中有关联词“虽然……但是”、“因为……所以”，但在英语中though与but,because和so是不可搭配使用的。由题意可知只有B是正确答案。(2)防止定势思维。有些固定搭配或习惯表达法大家掌握较牢靠，但也正是由于受到这些习惯表达的影响，犯一些思维定势的错误，例如：Iwon'tcomeback_____________August5and7.A.untilB.bothC.betweenD.for受not…until这一固定搭配的影响，很多人会选A。但若仔细审题，则答案应选C。因为“回来”这一动作不能同时发生在两个不同的日期。再如：Canadaislargerthan_____________countryinAsia(亚洲).A.anyotherB.otherC.anyD.allothers“比较级+anyother+单数名词”是一种典型的比较级结构。所以有人会选A。但Canada是美洲国家，和亚洲国家相比不存在与自身相比较的问题。所以不可用other排除自身。正确的答案选C。(3)防止“鱼目混珠”。有些词由于词性、词义不同，它的用法也不同，应注意辨别，例如：Doyouknowifhe_____________toplaybasketballwithus?Ithinkhewillcomeifhe_______________freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willhe若不注意审题，很容易误选A。但若仔细分析，就会发现前者if作“是否”解，而后者意为“如果”。二者分别引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。英语中，只有在时间、条件状语从句时，从句中用一般现在时代替将来时，在其他从句中无此用法。所以C是正确答案。再如：Hemadefaces_____________thebaby_____________crying.A.tomake;stopB.make;stopC.make;tostopD.tomake;tostop题中两个make用法不同。makefaces意为“做鬼脸”，后接动词不定式作目的状语;后一个make意为“使得”，是一个使役动词，其后接动词原形作宾补，即makesb.dosth.所以此题应选A。16．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Susanfinallybecameapopularsingeraftershepractised________foryears.A．sing B．singing C．tosing D．sang17．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）Thereisonlyalittle________inthefridge.That’snotenoughforbreakfast.A．cake B．milk C．egg D．vegetable18．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）Someexchangestudents________abouttheirspeechinSingaporethistimeyesterday.A．talk B．aretalking C．weretalking D．havetalked19．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）IwantedtoseetheKunOpera,somydaughteroffered________metowatchanopera.A．totake B．taking C．took D．takes20．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）—Doyouknow________Lisacleansherbedroom?—Perhapseveryday.She’sahardworkinggirl.A．howfast B．howlong C．howsoon D．howoften21．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Trytoavoid_________thatway.Youmighthurtotherpeople.A．speaking B．tospeak C．speak D．spoken22．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Afterthreemonthsonalow-fatdiet,Marylooksmuch________thanbefore.A．thin B．thinner C．thinnest D．thethinnest23．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Improperfoodcandamageyourhair,________.A．sothestressinlifecan B．socanthestressinlifeC．neithercanthestressinlife D．neitherthestressinlifecan24．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）ThelittlechildcanspeakEnglish________hisparentscan’t.A．when B．while C．as D．since25．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Aftertheguests________themselves,thehostbeganto________somejokes.A．seating;say B．seated;tell C．seated;say D．seating;tell26．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Couldyoudome________favorandsendmydaughtertoschooltoday?A．a B．an C．the D．/27．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Therelationshipbetweenthesetwostudentsbecameeven________afterthetalk.A．close B．closer C．closest D．theclosest28．（23-24九年级下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）IwonderedifJerry________hisparentsabouthisanxietyandworriesofschoollife.A．tells B．istelling C．hastold D．wouldtell29．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）—Mike,didyouenjoyyourstayinNorthEurope?—Ofcourse,mum.Ihad________wonderfultimethere.A．a B．an C．the D．/30．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）Theworkershardlyhurtthemselvesintheaccident,________?A．dothey B．didthey C．don’tthey D．didn’tthey31．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）_________beautifultheflowerslookinfullbloomduringspringtime!A．What B．Whata C．Whatan D．How32．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Abbywaved_________tohermotherwhenhercarapproached.A．excite B．excited C．exciting D．excitedly33．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—_________youpleasepassthedishtome?—Certainly,noproblem.A．Must B．Should C．May D．Would34．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—Wouldyoulikesomemorenoodles,Colin?—Yes,just_________,please.A．afew B．few C．alittle D．little35．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—Whenareyougoingtoseethenewfilm,thisafternoonortonight?—_________isOK.I’mfreetoday.A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All36．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—WhichofthetwoT-shirtswouldyouliketochoose?—Both.ThenIcangiveonetomybrotherandleave_________tomyself.A．another B．theother C．other D．others37．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Besuretofollowthetrafficrulesseriously,________youwillgetintotrouble.A．so B．or C．and D．but38．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）You________neversucceedwithoutalong-termgoalandenougheffort.A．can B．must C．need D．should39．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Thelittlegirlwithcurlyhairlooks________inherpinkskirt.A．honestly B．happily C．lovely D．seriously40．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Later,Ifoundoutthattheyoungmanwasanoldfriendof________.A．me B．my C．myself D．mine41．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Thedetectivecheckedtheroomcarefully,buthedidn’tfind________strange.A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything42．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Itisreportedthatthethirdairport________inShanghaiintwoyears.A．isbuilt B．wasbuilt C．hasbeenbuilt D．willbebuilt43．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）________luckyyouaretohavesuchawarmfamily!A．How B．Howa C．What D．Whata44．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Somescientistssuggest________atanearlyage,butothersdonot.A．write B．towrite C．writing D．towriting45．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Manypeoplefailed________homeintimeforNewYear’sEvedinnerbecauseoftheheavysnow.A．arrive B．arriving C．toarrive D．toarriving参考答案：16．B【详解】句意：苏珊练习唱歌多年后，终于成为一名受欢迎的歌手。考查非谓语动词。practisedoingsth.“练习做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选B。17．B【详解】句意：冰箱里只有一点牛奶。那还不够做早餐。考查名词辨析。cake蛋糕，可数名词；milk牛奶，不可数名词；egg鸡蛋，可数名词；vegetable蔬菜，可数名词。根据空前的“alittle”可知，alittle后面需接不可数名词。故选B。18．C【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，一些交换生正在谈论他们在新加坡的演讲。考查过去进行时。由“thistimeyesterday”可知，句子应用过去进行时，其结构为were/wasdoing。故选C。19．A【详解】句意：我想看昆剧，所以我女儿主动提出带我去看一场昆剧。考查非谓语动词。offeredtodosth.“主动提出做某事”，固定词组。故选A。20．D【详解】句意：——你知道丽莎多久打扫一次卧室吗？——也许每天都打扫。她是个勤奋的女孩。考查疑问词组辨析。。howfast多快，询问速度；howlong多长，询问时间长短或物体的长度；howsoon多久以后，对将来的一段时间进行提问；howoften多长时间一次，对频率进行提问。根据答语“Perhapseveryday.”可知，此处对频率进行提问。故选D。21．A【详解】句意：尽量避免那样说话。你可能会伤害到其他人。考查非谓语动词。a