初中英语复习专辑02

十、被动语态

英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的

主语是动作的承受者。

eg.Weuseaknifeforcutting（主动句）.

Aknifeisusedforcutting（被动句）。

一、构成：be+过去分词

eg.l）Theworkisfinishedbyhim.

2）ChineseisspokenbypeopleinChina.

二、被动语态的时态

1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词

eg.EnglishisspokenbyEnglishmen.

2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词

eg.ThemachinesweremadeinChina.

3一般将来时:will/shall/beloin?tobe+过去分词

eg.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschoolnextweek.

4.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+过去分词

eg.Theworkhasbeendonebythem.

5.现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+过去分词。

eg.Anewschoolisbeingbuiltinourvillage.

6.过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词

eg.MyTVsetwasbeingmendedatthattime.

综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）

另外注意以下几点：

1.含情态动词的被动语态：

can/may/must/should+be+过去分词

eg.Hemaybesentawayfromschool.

2.带动词不定式的被动语态

eg.Mybikeneedstobemended.

3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by+动作的执行者（宾格）”

eg.HewascalledMikebyus

4.不及物动词无被动语态（takeplace/happen;last;rise;sink;fall等）

eg.Theaccidentwashappenedtwodaysago（改错）

5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。

eg.Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hours.

fTheworkersweremadetowork12hours.

6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v+prep/adv构成，变被动语态时，

不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。

eg.Wemusttakecareofthebaby.

fThebabymustbetakencareof.

练习题

（）1.Thisfactoryhasbeenfortwoyears

A.openB.toopenC.openingD.opened

（）2.Thelightintheroom___beforeyouleave.A.mustturnoffB.willturnoff

C.areturnedoffD.mustbeturnedoff

()3.Theyoungtreesplantedinspring.

A.mustB.haveC.mustbeD.mustare

()4.ChinesebyMissWangthreeyearsago.A.wastaughtB.istaught

C.wasteachedD.wereteach

()5.Youngtrees___quiteoften.

A.shouldwaterB.shouldbewater

C.shouldbewateredD.shouldhavewatered

()6.English___bymanypeopleintheworld

A.speaksB.speakC.arespokenD.isspoken

()7.Theoldpeople___wellinourcountry.

A.islookedafterB.arelookedafter

C.looksafterD.lookfor

()8.Aliceisill.Shetohospitalatonce.

A.issentB.mustbesent

C.cansendD.mustsend

()9.Thefactoryin1958.

A.wasbuiltB.isbuilt

C.willbebuiltD.built

()10.Ourteachertoldusthattheclassroomeveryday.

A.shouldbecleanedB.shouldcleaned

C.shallbecleanedD.mustcleaned

()11.Footballallovertheworld.

A.playsB.isplaying

C.hasplayedD.isplayed

()12.silk___inSuzhou?

A.Is,producedB.Are,produced

C.Does,produceD.Was,produce

()13.Muchmoneyspentonbookseveryyear.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is

()14.Thestudentswasmadethequestionsbytheteacher.

A.answerB.toanswer

C.answeringD.answered

()15.Thesunwhenwegotthere.

A.wasrisenB.hasbeenrisen

C.hadrisenD.isrising

()16.ThePeople'sLiberationArmywasAugust1,1927.

A.foundinB.foundon

C.foundedonD.foundedin

()17.Theorangesshouldbewell___duringthewinter.

A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep

()18.Manyofthesheep___bythewolf狼).

A.waskilledB.arekilled

C.arekillingD.werekilled

()19.TaperecordersinourEnglishclass

A.shoulduseB.used

C.canbeusedD.areusing

()20.EnglishinCanada?

A.Do,spokenB.Is,spoken

C.Are,spokenD.Does,speak

()21.Henottoleavewasterpapereverywhere.

A.tellsB.toldC.wastoldD.hastold

()22.Who"TheFamily","Spring"and"Autumn"?

A.was,writtenB.were,written

C.were,writtenbyD.are.Writtenby

()23.Lookatthebuilding!Itnow.

A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuilt

C.isbuildingD.hasbuilt

()24.Halfoftheworkbeforesix.

A.canbedoneB.willdoC.weredone

()25.Westampsforsendingletters.

A.areusedB.useC.used

()26.TheGreatGreenWall(绿色长城)___inNorthChina.

A.arebuiltB.canbebuildC.wasbuilt

()27.___thefarmbythestudents?

A.was,visitedB.Is,visitC.Must,visit

()28.Thewomanbypeopleinthewaitingroom.

A.waslaughedB.waslaughedat

C.laughedat

()29.Whatthere?

A.happenedB.ishappened

C.mustbehappened

()30.Hewasmadefortwelvehours.

A.toworkB.workC.worked

H^一■、状语从句

(一)时间状语从句：由when,while,before,after,since,assoonas,till/until引导的从句

1)when与while

+“短命”动词

+“长命”动词

eg.l)riltellherthegoodnewshecomesback.

2)AuntWangcameinwhilewewerewatchingTV

「短命”动词的否定式+皿〃：直到……才

【“长命”动词的肯定式+〃加〃：到……为止

3)since:自从...以来(since从句常用一般过去时)

注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表示一种状态，用一般现在时

eg.l)HehaslivedtheresincehecametoChina

2)Itistwoyearssincehermotherdied.

(二)条件状语从句：由if(如果)引导的从句

eg.Iwillgototheparkifit(notrain)tomorrow.

注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换

1)祈使句，and(then,or)+简单句

=Ifyou...,you...

eg.l)Useyourhead,thenyou511findaway.

=Ifyouuseyourhead,you'llfindaway

2)Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.

=Ifyoudon'thurry,you'llbelate.

2)without与条件句的转化

eg.Mancan'tlivewithoutwater.

二Mancan'tliveifthereisnowater.

注意以上两种状语从句的时态

主句时间、条件句

1）一般将来时2）祈

一般现在时

使句3）情态动词原形

一般过去时一般过去时

但since从句例外，应与现在完成时连用。

eg.l)mcallyouassoonashe(come)back.

2)Hewon'tgotobeduntilhe(finish)hishomework.

3)mhelpyouifI(be)freetomorrow

4)1(live)heresinceIcametoChina.

(三)原因状语从句：由because,since,for,as引导的从句

eg.Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.

注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why

2)因为(because),所以(so)不能连用

eg.Becausehewas(A)ill,so(B)hedidn't(C)gotoschool(D)yesterday.

(四)结果状语从句：由so…that引导的从句(so后接形、副原级)

eg.Heran(A)sofaster(B)thatIcouldn'tcatchupwith(C)him.

注意：1)“so…that+否定句”与"too…to”的替换

eg.l)Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.

=Heistooyoungtogotoschool(主、从句主语相同)

2)Heransofastthatwecouldn'tcatchupwithhim.

=Herantoofastforustocatchupwith.(主、从句主语不同)

3)TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit

=Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)

2)“so…that+从句”与“enoughto”的替换

eg.l)He'ssostrongthathecancarrythebox.

=He'sstrongenoughtocarrythebox.

2)ThequestionissoeasythatIcananswerit

=Thequestioniseasyenoughformetoanswer

练习

()1.Weboughtgrannyapresent,___shedidn'tlikeit.

A.butB.andC.when

()2.Bequick,___you511belateforthefootballmatch.

A.soB.andC.or

()3.You'vedonebadly,___Icanseeyoudidyourbest.A.orB.butC.so

()4.Thatwasourfirstlesson,___shedidn'tknowallournames.

A.forB.butC.so

()5.Theydidn'tpasstheballoftenenough,___theydidn'tplaytogetherverywell.

A.andB.yetC.when

()6.Itwasrainingatthattime,___theycouldn'tgooutforwalk.

A.becauseB.orC.so

()7.Marycouldn'tgotoschool,___shewasveryill.A.forB.beforeC.though

()8.Gostraightalongtheroad,___you'llfindthehospitalattheendofit.

A.sinceB.andC.when

()9.Takethismedicine,___youwillyetwellsoon.A.andB.butC.so

()10.EithersheorI___himattheairport.

A.istomeetB.amtomeetC.aretomeet

()11.Thetrainhasn'tarrived.

A.tooB.alsoC.yet

()12.Youwon'tgothere,___willI.

A.SoB.NeitherC.Also

()13.Youcantake___thisbook___thatbook,butyoucan'ttake___ofthem.

A.either,or;allB.either,or;both

C.notonly,butalso;both

()14.Thestudentshadnowater___foodthen

A.orB.andC.also

()15.Theywere___weak___carrytheheavybox.

A.neither,norB.both,andC.too,to

()16.Thebooksaren'tyours___ours.

A.norB.andC.but

()17.Tomsaveshismoney,___Johnspendsallhegets.

A.whileB.orC.so

()18.Excuseme,___canyoutellmehowtogettothepark?

A.andB.pleaseC.but

()19.Heneedstohavearest,___hehasworkedforalongtime.

A.andB.butC.for

()20.Thepolicemanwas___busy___holidayswithhisfamily.

A.very,tospendB.too,tospend

C.so,that

()21.NeitherJacknorI___tothepark.

A.isgoingB.aregoingC.amgoing

()22.Hisgrandfatherhasneverbeentoschoolsohecould___read___write.

A.neither,norB.either,orC.both,and

()23.Johm___untilMike___sorrytohim.

A.lethimin,saidB.didn'tlethimin,said

C.didn'tlethimin,says

()24.1'msureLiPingis___intheclassroom___inthelibrary.

A.either,orB.both,andC.neither,or

()25.Don'topenthedoor___thebus___.

A.until,stopsB.and,stopsC.until,stop

()26.Bothhisfatherandhismother___toBeijing.

A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.hasgone

()27.We'11haveasportsmeetingifitraintomorrow.

A.won'tB.isn'tC.don'tD.doesn't

()28.mletyouknowassoonashe.

A.comesbackB.willcomeback

C.iscomingbackD.comeback

()29.1'm___busygettingreadyforChristmasIhavenotimetowritetoyou.

A.not,untilB.too,to

C.so,thatD.neither,nor

()30.ThisTVsetistoodear,itgivesyouabetterpicture.

A.orB.ifC.thoughD.and

()31.CouldyouaskTomtoringmeupifyouhimtomorrow.

A.metB.meetC.willmeetD.havemet

()32.Whileshe___TVinthesittingroom,thebell.

A.watches,ringsB.iswatching,rang

C.waswatchingD.watched,wasringing

()33.Marywillgoaftersheherhomework.

A.shops,finishB.shopping,finishes

C.toshop,finishingD.shopping,finish

()34.Heislisteningtothemusicheiswashingclothes.

A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.while

()35.TellMr.WangtogotoMr.Li'soffice,whenyouhim.

A.sawB.willseeC.areseeingD.see

()36.Theyuntilthemeetingwasover.

A.leftB.notleave

C.don'tleaveD.didn'tleave

()37.Thechildrensatatthetableuntiltheguests.

A.leaveB.areleavingC.leftD.hadleft

()38.ThefilmforhalfanhourwhenIgottothecinema.

A.hasbegunB.hadbeenon

C.begunD.begins

()39.Sheuntillateintothenight.

A.waitedB.cameC.wentD.started

()40.Hebegantodohishomeworkheturnedonthelight.

A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after

()41.Hedidn'tgotoswimyesterday___hewasill.

A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.andbecause

()42.LiPinggivesmemorehelpthanWangLin.

A.isB.hasC.doesD.gives

()43.PleasekeeptheboxformeIcomebacktonight.

A.whenB.asC.toD.until

()44.1boughtanumbrellatheweatherwasfine.

A.ifB.althoughC.becauseD.as

()45.Wegottothecinema____late_____therewerenoseatsleft.

A.too,toB.much,toC.very,thatD.so,that

()46.It____fiveyears_____Ileftthearmy.

A.is,sinceB.was,since

C.hasbeen,whenD.is,when

()47.Thoughitwasraininghard,____wasstillwaitingforhersonintherain.

A.butsheB.andsheC.sheD.soshe

()48.1haveknownhim____Iwasachild.

A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.before

()49.Jimhadfinishedhishomeworkhismothercameback.

A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.then

十二、宾语从句：充当宾语的句子

对宾语从句应注意以下三要素：

1.引导词2.语序3.时态

1.引导词

l)that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省)

eg.Hesays(that)theboyisalilltleweakinChinese.

2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从

eg.①.Doyouknowwhowillgiveusatalk?

②.Idon'tknowwhosebookthatis.

(3).Couldyoupleasetellwhichgatewehavetogoto?

Iwonderwhenhewillcomeback.

注意：此类宾从的主语与主句的主语(或宾语)相同时，可替换为“疑问词+todo"

eg.①.J_haven'tdecidedwherejwillgo

=1haven'tdecidedwhereto口o

②.HeaskedmewhaQbought

=Heaskedmewhattobuy.

类似短语：howtodowhattosay

whattodowheretogo

3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从

eg.①.“Doyoulikethisbook?95sheaskedme.

=Sheaskedme____Ilikedthisbook.

②."HaveyouvisitedtheGreatWall?”Couldyoutellme?

=CouldyoutellmeyouhavevisitedtheGreatWall?

注意以下几点：

i.区别if当作“是否”，还是“如果”

eg.Idon'tknowifhe(come)ifit(rain)tomorrow.

ii.用whether不用if的几种情况

1)后接不定式

eg.Ican'tdecidewhethertogotoBeijing.

2)与or/ornot连用

eg.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillgototheparkornot.

3)在句首时

eg.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.

4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论”

eg.Whetheritrainsornot,wearegoingtotheparktomorrow.

2.语序：宾从用陈述句语序

eg.1)1don't(A)knowwhether(B)willhe(C)come(D)tomorrow.

2)Heasks(A)mewhen(B)willyou(C)comeback(D).

3)Couldyoutell(A)howmanyplayers(B)arethere(C)in(D)afootballteam?

3.时态

主句宾语从句

一般现在时一切时态

过去范畴的某一时态（一般

一般过去时过去时；过去进行时；过去

完成时；过去将来时）

shegoestoschooleveryday.shewenttoschooleveryday.

彳日

eg.l)Shesays(that)<shehasbeenillforfivedays.2)Shesaidshehadbeenillforfivedays.

shewillcometomorrow.shewouldcomethenextday.

当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。

eg.Shesaid(that)thesunrisesintheeast.

练习

()1.Alicewantedtoknowhergrandmalikedthedog.

A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what

()2.Canyoutellus?

A.wherehaveyougone

B.wherehaveyougone

C.whereyouhavebeen

D.wherehaveyoubeen

()3.Doyoustillremember?

A.thathesaidB.whathesaid

C.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay

()4.Theweatherherechangesveryoftenandwecan'ttellitwillbeliketomorrow.

A.thatB.howC.whatD.whether

()5.—Whatdidthescientistsay?

--Hesaidhewonderedifintospacebyspaceshiponeday.

A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldfly

C.canheflyD.couldhefly

()6.Doyouknow__fromWuhantoXi'an?

A.howfaritisB.howfarisit

C.howlongitisD.howlongisit

()7.Couldyoutellme?

A.wheredoyoulive

B.whoyouarewaitingfor

C.whowereyouwaitingfor

D.whereyoulivein

()8.—Isthelaketherebeautiful?

—Thisphotowillshowyou.

A.howdoesitlooklike

B.whatdoesitlooklike

C.howitlookslikeD.whatitlookslike

()9.1don'tknowboughtthepresentforme.IsitJack?

A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.what

()10.Couldyoushowus____abike?

A.howtomendB.whattobuy

C.wheretogoD.howmanytobuy

()11.1don'tknowJanewaslateforschoolthismorning.

A.whoB.whatC.whomD.why

()12.―Doyourememberhecame?—Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.

A.thatB.ifC.howD.when

()13.Mikesaidhe__acoldforafewdays.

A.hascaughtB.hadcaught

C.hashadD.hadhad

()14.1don'tknowifhehere.Ifhe,Tiltellyou.

A.willcome,comesB.comes,willcome

C.comes,comesD.willcome,willcome

()15.Couldyoutellmebest?

A.whichoneyoulikeB.whichonedoyoulike

C.doyoulikewhichoneD.youlikewhichone

()16.Theteachertoldthechildrenthattheeartharoundthesun.

A.movesB.moved

C.hadmovedD.wasmoving

()17.Nobodyknowswhichfactory.

A.doesheworkB.heworks

C.doesheworkinD.heworksin

()18.Hesaidthatnooneknew___withhim.

A.whatisthematterB.whatwasthematter

C.whatthematterisD.whatthematterwas

()19.Fminterestedinornotheiscoming.

A.whetherB.ifC.whenD.why

()20.FmsorrythatIyouwerehere.

A.didn'tknowB.don'tknow

C.won'tknowD.can'tknow

十三、定语从句：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的名词、

代词叫做先行词。

一、引导词（关系词）：位于从句与先行词之间，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定的成

分。先行词分两类：1.关系代词who（作主语）,whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）,which

（作主语、宾语）,that（作主语、宾语）.2.关系副词when,where,why.

注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.

eg.Thetrees（that）wehaveplantedgrowwell.

2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。

eg.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived

=ThisisthehousewhichLuXunoncelivedin.

=ThisisthehousethatLuXunoncelivedin

二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的一一先行词是人时用that,

who,whom,whose;先行词是物时用that,which;先行词是时间、地点时用when,where.

eg.l）Theboywho/thatisstandingunderthetreeisJim.站在树下的那个男孩时Jim.

2）Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisadriver?你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗?

3）Haveyoubeentothefactorywhereyourfatherworks?你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗?

但注意区别who/that（指人）；which/that（指物）

1.修饰人只用who的情况：

a.先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时。

b.therebe句型中修饰名词时。

c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。

eg.1）Anyonewhohasn'thandedinhishnme・workshouldstayafterschool.没交作业的任何

人放学后都要留下。

2）Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyouattheschoolgate.校门口有位想见你的女孩。

3）Didyouseethemanintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhoworearedshirt?昨天下午在公

园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗?

2.修饰人或物只用that的情况：

a.先行词为指物的不定代词all,much,little,few,everything,something,anything,

nothing

b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last,only,very,all,no时

c.先行词既有人，又有物时

d.主句是who/which引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。

eg.l）IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有让我做的事吗？

2）Heistheonlyonethatcanhelpusatthemoment.他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。

3）Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.他谈论着他拜访过的老师和

参观过的学校。

4）WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台?

3.修饰物只用which的情况：

a.先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时

b.先行词为that时

eg.l）ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。

2）What'sthatwhichyouareholdinginyourarms?你抱着的那个是什么?

*三、定语从句可简化为短语

1.定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分

词短语。

2.定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。

3.定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。

eg.1)1boughtabookthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.

=IboughtabookwrittenbyLuXun.

2)Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingtherenottodothat.

=Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottodothat.

3)Thebookthatisonthetableismine.

=Thebookonthetableismine.

4)Wehavenothingthatweshouldfear.

=Wehavenothingtofear.

练习

一、用适当的关系代词填空

l.Isittheveryhouseyoulivedintenyearsago?

2.Thewomansitsnexttothedoorismymother.

3.mneverforgettheyearIjoinedtheLeague.

4.1tisthehouseIwasborn.

5.Thehouseroofisbrokenhasbeenrepaired.

二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。

l.ThemanthatistalkingwithMaryismybrother.

2.Thisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyaworker

3.ThestudentwhoisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.

4.Shehasalotofworkthatshemustdo.

三、选择填空

()1.Themanwasafriendofmine.

A.thatyoujusttalkedto

B.whomyoujusttalkedtohim

C.whoyoujusttalkedtohim

D.whichyoujusttalkedto

()2.Thisisthebestfilmhasbeenshownthisyear.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.when

()3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inwhere

()4.Mr.Litoldusthestonesandwriters____interestedhim

A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which

()5.Myfatherstillrememberstheday___hejoinedthearmy.

A.whenB.which

C.towhichD.fromwhich

()6.mneverforgetthesummerholidayswespenttogether.

A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.how

()7-Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees?

一Yes,hedoes.

A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who

()8.TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.

A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that

()9.1hatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.

A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who

()10.—WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?

一Oh!It'sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.

A.heB.thatC.whomD.which

()11.1hatethepeopledon'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.

A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where

()12.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.

A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

()13.ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.

A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which

()14.Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when

()15.Themoonisaworld__thereisnolife.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why

()16.Hehasforgottentheday___hearrived.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

()17.Hestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

()18.Mr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.

A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which

()19.Hegottothevillagehisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

()20.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.

A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where

()21.Hedidn'ttellmetheplacehewasbom.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

()22.Helivedinasmallvillage,wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

十五、反意疑问句

由“陈述句+附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。对

附加疑问部分应注意以下几点：1)主语只能用人称代词;2)附加疑问句的not必须与(be

幽情)缩写；3)附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。

eg.l)Tomisawork,isn'tTom?(找错)

2)Youcanswim,cannotyou?(找错)

3)Hehadlunch,doesn'the?(找错)

特别注意以下几种反意疑问句

1.陈述部分含否定意味的词(few,little,

never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none),附加疑问句应使用肯定形式(但前缀词unhappy,

unlike,disappear等歹U夕卜)

eg.Theyareunhappy,aren'tthey?

2.陈述部分的主语是everything,something,nothing,anything时,附加疑问句的主语应用it；

陈述部分的主语是everybody,somebody,nobody,everyone,noone时,附加疑问句的主语应

用theyo

eg.l)Everythingisready,?

2)Everyoneishere,?

3.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：willyou?但注意：

Let's...,shallwe?

Letus,willyou?

4.陈述部分含must时，附加疑问句一般用neednt

eg.Imustfinishmyworknow,?

5.陈述部分是therebe结构时,应用therebe结构来完成。

eg.There'slittlewater,

*6.陈述部分含宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think,believe

且主语是I,we时，即：

I/Wethink(believe)+宾从，则附加问句应与从句一致。Fmsure+宾从也是如此

eg.l)ShesaidIdidit,?

2)Wedon'tthinkyouareright,?

3)Fmsureyou'llhelpme,?

*7.Fm…，aren'tI?

eg.Iamolderthanyou,?

8.陈述部分含hadbetter,疑问部分应用hadbetter来回答。

eg.You'dbettergoout,?

9.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致。

eg.l)Whatakindgirl,?

2)Whatafineday,?

练习

()1.Youhadtoworkfor10hoursyesterday,?

A.didn'tyouB.didnotyou

C.hadnotyouD.didyou

()2.Don,teattoomuch,?

A.willyouB.don'tyouC.doyouD.canyou

()3.LilylookslikeLucy,?

A.isLilyB.isn'tshe

C.doesLilyD.doesn'tshe

()4.—Youdidn'tchangeyourmind,didyou

A.No,Ididn'tB.Yes,didI

C.No,IdidD.Yes,Ididn't

()5.Thewomanhardlyletherdaughtergotoschool,she?

A.doesB.doesn'tC.didD.didn't

()6.Besuretocometotheparents'meetingontime,?

A.willyouB.aren'tyou

C.can'tyouD.mustn'tyou

()7.Let'shaveagoodrest,?

A.willweB.dowe

C.shalln'tweD.shallwe

()8.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,___?

A.doesheB.hashe

C.hasn'theD.doesn't

()9.Tomhassupperatschool,___?

A.hasn'theB.hashe

C.doesn'theD.doeshe

()10.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,___?

A.isn'tthereB.isn'tit

C.isitD.isthere

十六、简单句的五种句型

1.主语+不及物动词（主、谓结构）

eg.Heisworking.

2.主语+及物动词+宾语（主、谓、宾结构）

eg.WestudyEnglisheveryday.

3.主语+连系动词+表语（主、系、表结构）

eg.Treesturngreen.

常见的连系动词有：be;become;get;turn;feel;look（看起来）；smell（闻起来）；sound（听起

来）；taste（尝起来）；seem（似乎）.

特别注意：形容词常作表语

4.主语+及物动词+间宾（人）+宜宾（物）

=主语+及物动词+直宾（物）+to/for+间宾（人）

常用的此类动词有：give;pass;show;lend;buy.但buy与for连用

eg.1）1gavehimabook.

=Igaveabooktohim.

2）Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.

=Mymotherboughtapenforme.

5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补

注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing形

式。

eg.l）WecallhimJim.

2）Wemustkeepthewindowopen.

3）Hetoldmetowashtheplates.

4）1sawathiefgoingintoyourroom.

特别注意：

1）动词不定式作宾补

A:ask/want/tellsbtodosth.

其否定式为：ask/want/tellsbnottodosth

2）省to不定式作宾补，即：

（1,m,n;3h;2看；If）sbdosth

1—let,m-make,n一notice;3h-hear,have,help;2看一see,watch;If-feel.

eg.l）Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hourseveryday.

2）1oftenhearhimsing.

2）区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补.

hear/seesbdo:听见/看见某人做了某事

hear/seesbdoing:听见/看见某人在做某事

IIV知识要点

1.问职业：

Whatbe+主语？=Whatdoes/do+主语+do?

eg.Heisateacher.（提问）

he?

2.1fsnicetalkingtoyou.与你谈话真高兴。

△3.表方式的短语

l）onfoot

2）by+交通名词单数（无冠词）

=in/ona（the;物主代词；名词所有格）

eg.1）bybike=onabikebycar=inacar

2）Hegoestoworkbyabikeeveryday.（改错）

-must:个人主观上认为“必须”（无时态变化）

4：haveto:有外部条件强加的客观上的“不得不”（存在各种时态）

eg.1）Istoponthewaybecauseoftherain.

2）IstopbecauseFmalittletired.

%.提建议

Shallwe...?］答育定：Goodidea/OK/

Let's…■vAllright

Whynot...?J语否定：No,let's…

”肯定：Certainly/Yes,please/

另外还可回答为Yes,Ithinkso/Tdloveto

否定：No,Idon'tthinkso/

I'mafraidnot.

jputon强调“穿”的动作：穿上，戴今后接

△《wear是puton之后的结果：穿着卜衣服”

\=