七选五 - 高考英语 （原卷版）

七选五知识点一段首题命题规律：段首题具有鲜明的语言特征，要么是段落标题句(主旨句)，要么就是段落主题句，七选五解题时可采用先易后难的原则，而段首的这两种题型即可作为七选五解题的突破口。题型和考查角度：1.段落小标题：概括段落大意，特征突出，短小且语言精炼2.段落主题句：段落主旨概括性，与其它段落承上启下一段落小标题解题策略：1.观察其它段落标题的形式。阅读段落内容，提炼段落中心词、高频词和中心词的近义词。选项特征：1.其形式应和其他小标题相同。选项语言短小精炼。3.多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。二段落主题句主题句分两种类型。设空处在段首通常为主旨概括句，有时也可能为承上启下(过渡)句。如果设空处位于段首，要瞻前顾后找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。1.主旨概括句解题策略：认真阅读后文内容，段落的第一、二句是关键信息，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句，有时也要参考最后一句，因为段落中常运用首尾呼应的原则，根据尾句进行验证。选项特征：准确概括段落大意，避免以偏概全或偏离主题2.承上启下(过渡)句在段首设空的题有时也可能起承上启下的作用，此时既要熟悉上一段内容，又要去结合下一段内容。解题策略：做题时要联系上下文，把握逻辑关系，分析所选答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。选项特征：过渡句与段落主旨相关，且与上下文语意连贯。【真题典例】（2023年新高考II卷）·___19___Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.AGetoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.知识点二段中题命题规律：段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法，如代词、逻辑连接词等。做题时，首先要依据关键信息将选项进行排除，然后将剩下的可能答案逐一代入，达到选项和设空处的前后内容达到语意连贯及逻辑通顺，最终确定最佳选项。解题策略：利用结构或暗示利用逻辑关系一利用结构或暗示设空位于段中，首先阅读选项并画出关键词；然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句，画出关键词，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；1.先看选项七选五的选项较少，并且给出的都是句子。可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号先判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其它选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样可以直接将该选项排除。2.再看空前空后由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。3.注意代词或定冠词一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，这样可以迅速的确定备选选项。【真题典例】（2023年新高考I卷）Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____19____Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.4.注意一些特殊疑问词选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。注意选项和设空处是否为完整的句子有时选项可能不是一个完整的句子，这样子可以在选项中圈定一些从句如if,when等开头的选项，再结合文章设空处前后的关联即可迅速判定正确选项。二利用逻辑关系连词可以表现句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，ontheonehand....ontheotherhand等。并列或递进关系并列或递进关系是指后一句对前一句是一种顺承逻辑关系。常见的表示并列关系的标志性词语有first(ly),second(ly),third(ly),next/then,finally/last,firstofall,foronething,foranotherthing,some...others...,tobeginwith,toconclude等；常见的表示递进关系的标志性词语有also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what'smore,notonly...butalso...等。【真题典例】(2021全年国甲卷)●Invite5－10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.Lesspeoplethanthat,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.●18.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.G．Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition转折或让步关系转折或让步关系是指后一句对前一句构成逆转逻辑关系。常见表示转折或让步关系的标志性词语有but,however,nevertheless,still,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,instead,onthecontrary,incontrast,incomparison,bycomparison等。【真题典例】(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair”.36Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.E．Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?因果关系因果关系是指后一句为前一句的结果(有时也为原因)。常见的标志性词语有so,therefore,thus,consequently,asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat,resultin/from,leadto,dueto,thanksto,owingto等。【真题典例】(2020年浙江高考)MymotheralsoencouragedmetomakewhatIwanted.Itriedmakingtoycarswithcardboardboxesandconstructingbuildingsfromleftovercardboardandbitsofwoodmyfathergaveme.Whenmymothersawmycreations,shetoldmehowcreativemydesignswere.34Ilearnedalotabouthowtoextendthelifeofobjectsandtransformthemintosomethingnewanduseful.Itwasatrait(特点)othersfoundhelpful,andIsoonhadfriendswhowantedtomakethingswithme.F．Thus,Ibeganmylifelonginterestinmakingthings.例证关系例证关系是前后句的某句是为了证明或解释另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的标志性词语有forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords,thatis(tosay)等。【真题典例】(2021年浙江高考)“ManypeopleinChinahavelimitedexposuretoEnglish.35Thatsaid,weknowofmanypostcrossingmembers,includingChinese,whohaveactuallyimprovedtheirEnglishskillsthroughtheiruseofpostcrossing，”Paulosays.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.知识点三段尾题命题规律：段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。题型和考查角度：结论句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。承上启下句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。总结概括句解题策略：1.做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两三句；2.要注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的词语如thus,therefore,hence,so,asaresult,inaword,inshort,toconclude,tosumup等；承上启下(过渡)句解题策略：1.在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接，认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能紧密联系起来。2.如果第一段的段尾是空白，往往是和下一段能连贯起来。3.通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,hence,thus,tosumup,toconclude,inshort,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。4.与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比、转折、排比、并列、递进等关系。根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，【典例】(2023届福建省高三联合测评试题)●Sende-mailsinsteadoftraditionalmail.Traditional,postedmailsrequirealotofpaper.Therearealsosomeotherdisadvantagestotraditionalmail.E-mailshaveafewadvantages,includingbeingdeliveredmuchquickerthantraditionalmail,theabilitytobesenttoonepersonoralargergroup,andbeingabletosendthematanytime.A．TakingcareoftheEarthiseveryone’sjob.B．Youcouldusenoteapporwordprocessortodothis.C．Usingoldnewspapersisagreat,eco-friendlywaytowrapgifts.D．Youcouldalsotextorcallsomeoneasopposedtosendingtraditionalmail.E．Thebackofapieceofpapercanbeusedforthingslikedraftsorothernotes.F．Ittakesalotlessenergytorecyclepaperthantomakesomefromrawmaterial.G．Traditionalmailisperhapsoneofthemostexcitingwaystohearfromsomeone.考向一段首句（2023届辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题）___It’seasytogiveinwhenyourchildrenarelosingtheirtempers.Buteachtimeyougivethemwhattheywant,youteachyourchildrenthattheirunacceptableactsareaneffectivewaytogettheirneedsmet.Ifyouwanttoraisementallystrongkids,sticktoyourlimits.A．GivingintomisbehaviorB．KeepingtoyourprinciplesC．TeachthemnottogiveupdreamseasilyD．KidstendtohaveawidevarietyofemotionsE．Therefore,setlimitsonwhatyougiveyourchildrenF．Youmaythinkit’scutetospendmoremoneyonyourchildrenG．Theyarealsomorelikelytostrugglewithself-confidenceissues考向二段中句（2023届吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校模拟试题）Don’twatchorreadscarycontentbeforebed.Images-fromanyexcitingordisturbingcontentyouwatchbeforebedcanappearinyourdreams.

164Readingthenewsmediaandthenhoppingintobedismorelikelytogiverisetoupsettingdreamsthanlookingthroughpicturesfromyourlastvacationwithyourfamily.A．Useawhitenoisemachine.B．Practicestress-relievingactivities.C．Ahealthysleeproutinebegetssoundsleep.D．Instead,tryherbalteasandotherdrinksaidingsleep.E．Howcanwereducenightmaresandimproveoursleep?F．Duringthepandemic,evenoureverydaylivesarelookingprettyscary,too.G．Dreamsandrapideyemovementsleepisessentialformemoryimprovement.考向三段尾句（2023届辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题）ExpectingPerfectionWhilehighexpectationsaregoodforkids,settingthegoaltoohighislikelytogettheoppositeeffect.Whetheryouexpecttoomuchfromyourchildonthesportsfield,oryouracademicexpectationsareunreasonable,kidswhofeeltheycan’tsucceedarelikelytostoptrying..A．GivingintomisbehaviorB．KeepingtoyourprinciplesC．TeachthemnottogiveupdreamseasilyD．KidstendtohaveawidevarietyofemotionsE．Therefore,setlimitsonwhatyougiveyourchildrenF．Youmaythinkit’scutetospendmoremoneyonyourchildrenG．Theyarealsomorelikelytostrugglewithself-confidenceissues（2023年新高考I卷）PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.____16____Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis....Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”____17____Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E